利用计算机辅助求解弹性力学问题的一种新方法

采用Matlab编程与多项式应力函数相结合的方式直接求解弹性力学平面问题. 该方法 一方面使选择应力函数具有非常强的规律性,另一方面简化了确定待定常数的过程. 该方法 改进了用传统的逆解法、半逆解法选择应力函数,需要经过多次尝试、不断修改,才能得到 满意结果的缺点. 同时指出了在一些情况下弹性力学平面问题是不具有多项式的解答.     

Influence of couple-stresses on stress concentrations around the cavity

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用非局部弹性场论研究圆盘状裂纹问题

本文采用非局部弹性理论。用Love位移函数导出三维轴对称问题的非局部弹性应力的一般形式解,并求解了圆盘裂纹问题。得到了裂纹尖端区的应力是有界的,再次证实了非局部理论模型求解断裂力学问题的正确性。     

Solution of the plane stress problems of strain-hardening materials described by power-law using the complex pseudo-stress function

In the present paper,the compatibility equation for the plane stress problems of power-law materials is transformed into a biharmonic equation by introducing the so-calledcomplex pseudo-stress function,which makes it possible to solve the elastic-plastic planestress problems of strain hardening materials described by power-law using the complexvariable function method like that in the linear elasticity theory.By using this generalmethod,the close-formed analytical solutions for the stress,strain and displacementcomponents of the plane stress problems’of power-law materials is deduced in the paper,which can also be used to solve the elasto-plastic plane stress problems of strain-hardeningmaterials other than that described by power-law.As an example,the problem of a power-law material infinite plate containing a circular hole under uniaxial tension is solved byusing this method,the results of which are compared with those of a known asymptoticanalytical solution obtained by the perturbation method.     

Uniqueness of weak solutions to dynamic problems in the elasticity theory with boundary conditions of Winkler and inertial types

A uniqueness theorem for the weak solution of an initial-boundary value problem in the anisotropic elasticity theory with the boundary conditions that “do not conserve” energy, namely, with the impedance and inertial type conditions is proved. The chosen method of proof does not require the positive definiteness of the elastic constant tensor (the case that may arise when solving the problems by the homogenization method for composite materials), but it requires to take the energy variation law as a postulate.     

各向异性介质中SH波引起的裂纹扩展

本文利用Green函数法,求解各向异性介质中半无限长裂纹在SH波作用下,以任意速度扩展的问题。首先,利用Laplace变换和Cagniard-de Hoop反演法求解各向异性介质中反平面问题的Green函数,并利用它建立了求解裂纹扩展问题的积分方程。因为方程为Abel型的,所以可得到在SH波作用下,半无限长裂纹扩展问题的解析解。还可求得裂纹端点附近的应力和裂纹表面上位移的表达式。并对裂纹端点附近的奇异性进行讨论。最后讨论了裂纹尖端附近任一点的能量关系。并应用Griffith的能量准则,对裂纹扩展规律进行了讨论。     

弹性力学Hamilton方法广义解的适定性

首先引入了Hamilton体系中平面应力弹性力学问题正则方程的Galerkin变分方程,证明了Galerkin变分方程和目前文献中所用的Ritz变分方程的等价性,以及相应广义解的适定性,从而为目前的数值方法提供了理论基础。从证明过程中可以看到广义解实际上是Ritz变分泛函的一个鞍点。     

弹性通解和应力函数研究概况

弹性通解和应力函数的研究已有很长的历史。它们不仅有理论意义,而且有实用价值,因而一直受到人们的重视。本文介绍了它们的研究概况。      

On the study of a penny-shaped crack in nonlocal elasticity

This article is concerned with the penny-shaped crack in an infinite body subjected to a uniform pressure on the surface of the carck in nonlocal elasticity. Making use of Love function in classical elasticity, we reduce the stress solution of an axisymmetric problem of the penny-shaped crack. The result of this article shows the stress on the crack tip is finite and demonstrates again the correctness of the nonlocal model for solving problems in fracture mechanics.Project Supported by the Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy     

POWER LAW NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CRACK-TIP FIELDS

The aim of this paper is to derive the power law type nonlinear viscoelastic crack-tip fields. For the requirement of later derivation, the HRR singular fields and the high-order asymptotic fields are first examined. That they are essentially the isotropic, incompressible, power law type nonlinear elastic crack-tip fields is illustrated. After a concise review of the elasticity recovery correspondence principle for solving the nonlinear viscoelastic problems, the correspondence principle for solving the crack problems of power law type nonlinear viscoelastic materials under the first type boundary condition is proposed. The solution of the crack-tip stress, strain fields for the power law type nonlinear viscoelastic materials, especially for the modified polypropylene, is obtained.     

准晶数学弹性力学和缺陷力学

对准晶数学弹性理论的基本概念和基本框架作了介绍,在此基础上分别针对目前已经发现的几类一维准晶、二维准晶和三维准晶讨论了其数学弹性的理论体系．为了求解准晶弹性的边值问题或初值一边值问题,还必须发展相应的方法论．物理工作者在研究准晶位错弹性问题中发展了Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数方法．针对一维与二维准晶弹性中几类问题提出了分解与叠加程序,这一程序的使用,使极其复杂的准晶弹性问题得到简化,进而引进位移函数或应力函数,把数目。庞大的准晶弹性基本方程化成一个或少数几个高阶偏微分方程,进一步使求解步骤大为简化．对三维立方准晶弹性也采用了类似步骤使求解过程大为简化．在以上化简的基础上,发展了准晶弹性的边值问题或初值一边值问题的复交函数方法和 Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ分析方法,求得了一系列准晶位错问题和裂纹问题的分析解（古典解）．在研究准晶弹性的边值问题古典解的同时,也讨论了同这些边值问题相对应的变分问题和广义解（弱解）以及这种弱解的数值方法──有限元法．在物理学家工作基础上开展的这些工作可以看作对经典数学弹性理论和方法、经典Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ位错理论、普通结构材料断裂力学和经典有限元的某些发展．此外,还把一维六方准晶弹性动力学的结果与统计物理的某些     

厚壳三维分析的半解析解

本文对座标系三维弹性力学问题采用周向与径向解析,轴向离散的半解析数值方法。通过引入部分解析函数,将三维问题归结为一维离散化方程。这种方法能适应于一大类复杂的弹性力学问题,方法简单,计算工作量少。本文用这方法来分析厚壳的三维变形与应力规律,研究大厚跨比的强厚壳的三维弹性理论解,为建立可靠的强厚壳理论提供依据。     

On displacement methods in planar anisotropic elasticity

Two displacement formulation methods are presented for problems of planar anisotropic elasticity. The first displacement method is based on solving the two governing partial differential equations simultaneously/ This method is a recapitulation of the orignal work of Eshelby, Read and Shockley [7] on generalized plane deformations of anisotropic elastic materials in the context of planar anisotropic elasticity.The second displacement method is based on solving the two governing equations separately. This formulation introduces a displacement function, which satisfies a fourth-order partial differential equation that is identical in the form to the one given by Lekhnitskii [6] for monoclinic materials using a stress function. Moreover, this method parallels the traditional Airy stress function method and thus the Lekhnitskii method for pure plane problems. Both the new approach and the Airy stress function method start with the equilibrium equations and use the same extended version of Green's theorem (Chou and Pagano [13], p. 114; Gao [11]) to derive the expressions for stress or displacement components in terms of a potential (stress or displacement) function (see also Gao [10, 11]). It is therefore anticipated that the displacement function involved in this new method could also be evaluated from measured data, as was done by Lin and Rowlands [17] to determine the Airy stress function experimentally.The two different displacement methods lead to two general solutions for problems of planar anisotropic elasticity. Although the two solutions differ in expressions, both of the depend on the complex roots of the same characteristic equation. Furthermore, this characteristic equation is identical to that obtained by Lekhnitskii [6] using a stress formulation. It is therefore concluded that the two displacement methods and Lekhnitskii's stress method are all equivalent for problems of planar anisotropic elasticity (see Gao and Rowlands [8] for detailed discussions).     

DUAL RECIPROCITY HYBRID BOUNDARY NODE METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTICITY WITH BODY FORCE

Combining Dual Reciprocity Method （DRM） with Hybrid Boundary Node Method （HBNM）, the Dual Reciprocity Hybrid Boundary Node Method （DRHBNM） is developed for three-dimensional linear elasticity problems with body force. This method can be used to solve the elasticity problems with body force without domain integral, which is inevitable by HBNM. To demonstrate the versatility and the fast convergence of this method, some numerical examples of 3-D elasticity problems with body forces are examined. The computational results show that the present method is effective and can be widely applied in solving practical engineering problems.     

构造极坐标中Airy应力函数的观察法

通过引入Airy应力函数，平面问题可以归结为在给定的边界条件下求解一个双调和方程．因此对双调和函数性质的研究将有利于平面问题的求解．首先给出一个有关双调和函数的引理，并分别从复变和微分两种角度提供该引理的证明．借助这个引理，提出了一种构造极坐标中Airy应力函数的观察法．最后，举例说明了该观察法在几个经典平面问题中的应用．这些例子说明，利用本的观察法可以将某些平面问题应力函数构造的过程简单化。     

矩形梁受分布荷载的辛解答

在弹性力学平面直角坐标辛体系中,采用分离变量法,放弃齐次边界条件,得到了矩形梁侧边受幂函数形式分布荷载问题的辛解答,给出了这类问题在辛体系中的一般解法,分别对矩形梁受法向和切向分布荷载的问题进行了求解,显示了此方法的有效性.辛解法采用对偶的二类变量进行求解,可同时给出位移和应力;由于辛解法能较好地处理各种边界条件,因此不仅能求解静定问题,也能直接求解静不定问题.     

圆柱型各向异性弹性力学平面问题

本文对圆柱型各向异性弹性力学平面问题的基本方程进行了改写。在此基础上，导出了应力函数Ｇ和位移函数φ，它们满足相同的控制方程，比文〔１〕的应力函数Ｆ的控制方程要简单，便于求得特解，并有Ｆ＝ｒＧ的关系。还对若干经典问题进行了求解。     

Investigation of a griffith crack subject to uniform tension using the non-local theory by a new method

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Non-local theory solution for in-plane shear of through crack

A non-local theory of elasticity is applied to obtain the plane strain stress and displacement field for a through crack under in-plane shear by using Schmidt's method. Unlike the classical elasticity solution, a lattice parameter enters into the problem that make the stresses finite at crack tip. Both the angular variations of the circumferential stress and strain energy density function are examined to associate their stationary value with locations of possible fracture initiation. The former criterion predicted a crack initiation angle of 54° from the plane of shear for the non-local solution as compared with about 75° for the classical elasticity solution. The latter criterion based on energy density yields a crack initiation angle of 80° for a Poisson's ratio of 0.28. This is much closer to the value that is predicted by the classical crack tips solution of elasticity.