共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Itoh T 《Journal of fluorescence》2006,16(6):739-742
Effects of the reflection mirrors mounted to the sample holder of a fluorimeter have been investigated. Analytical expressions
are given for the emission intensity measured as a function of the concentration or optical density of the sample, in case
one or two reflection mirrors are attached beside the sample holder to intensify the emission signals. The emission intensity
calculated as a function of the sample concentration agreed well with the experimental data. By mounting two reflection mirrors,
the emission signal was intensified by a factor of near 3.5. However, the degree of intensification depended strongly on the
sample concentration and the linearity between the sample concentration and the emission intensity deviated significantly
with increasing the sample concentration. 相似文献
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根据光腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)原理,使用中红外光参变振荡器(OPO)为光源建立了直腔与折叠腔相结合的中红外波段3.6 μm 反射率测量实验装置,用于研究中红外波段的高反射膜反射率,测试精度为10-4。使用直型衰荡光腔测试了三对不同薄膜材料设计镀制的高反射腔镜的反射率,并选择了一对腔镜用于实验装置中。采用该装置精确测试了不同薄膜材料镀制的高反射膜的反射率,包括YbF3/ZnS,YbF3 /ZnSe多层膜,以及由银加保护膜镀制的反射镜。研究表明,中红外波段介质膜的反射率可达到R>0.9990,其中由YbF3/ZnSe镀制在硅基底上的多层介质膜3.6 μm反射率可达到99.96%。 相似文献
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利用有限元分析法结合Fox-Li迭代法,考虑腔内本征模式与腔镜热形变的相互耦合作用,计算模拟了正支共焦非稳腔的本征模式分布,定量分析了高功率激光器腔镜热变形对输出光束质量的影响,重点讨论了腔镜热变形所引起的腔内本征模式相位特性的变化,并从波前功率谱密度、Zernike像差系数及光束质量值等角度对腔镜发生热形变前后的激光器输出光束的光束特性进行比较分析。研究结果表明:高功率激光器腔镜热形变对输出光束的光束质量会产生一定的影响,且随着激光输出功率的增大,镜面热形变引起的输出光束波前相位高频比例及Zernike高阶像差均会有所增大,波前畸变程度也明显变大,光束质量逐渐变差。 相似文献
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Wang F 《Optics letters》2011,36(22):4383-4385
Diffraction optical devices of modest degrees of freedom (DOF), such as deformable mirrors, have not been exploited as general-purpose transformers of optical fields. Described in this Letter is a method that guides deformable mirrors to optimal surfaces allowed by the DOF for various desirable outcomes. The method is based on a modal optimization procedure with the help of Walsh functions in controlling the variables of the mirrors, i.e. the actuators. It is shown that a deformable mirror of modest DOF can provide field transformations for arbitrary beam-splitting, formation of ring-shaped beams, and coherent beam combining. 相似文献
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研究了2.2 m高真空箱式镀膜机镀膜时的实际膜厚分布情况。对非球面和平面光学元件,分别采用行星夹具和平面公转夹具并利用修正板调节膜厚均匀性。从实验上实现了大口径薄膜均匀性的调节,并获得较为理想的结果。口径在700 mm范围内,对于凹面均匀性可以控制在0.7%以内,平面均匀性在1%以内;口径在1 200 mm范围内凹面元件均匀性可控制在1%以内,平面1 300 mm口径以内窗口均匀性可控制在1%以内。镀制了口径在400~1 300 mm的多种天文观测上使用的反射镜、增透膜等,获得了理想的光谱曲线与较好的使用效果。 相似文献
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A differential algebraic (DA) method has been developed for the aberration analysis of electron mirrors. Since large ray slopes occur near the turning points in mirrors, the axial position is no longer suitable as the independent variable and the electron trajectory equation used in conventional lens theory is no longer feasible. A DA solution of the electron motion equation, wherein a single DA ray trace is performed on a non-standard extension of real number space called nDv, enables the aberrations of a mirror system to be obtained, in principle up to arbitrary order n, and with very high accuracy, due to the remarkable algebraic properties of nDv. With the DA method, the enormous effort to derive explicit formulae for the aberration coefficients of electron mirrors is avoided. A software package MIRROR_DA has been developed for the aberration analysis of electron mirrors, based on the DA method. Two examples of electron mirrors are presented. For the first example, for which the electrostatic and magnetic fields are represented by analytical models, the results computed with MIRROR_DA were shown to be in good agreement with those extracted by direct ray tracing, with relative deviations of less than 0.065% for all the primary aberration coefficients. The second example consists of a real magnetic lens and electrostatic mirror, with numerically computed fields, and from the results of MIRROR_DA, the spherical aberration coefficient Cs3 is almost cancelled out because of the correction effect of the mirror. The MIRROR_DA software is a novel, effective and precise tool for the aberration analysis of electron mirrors, capable of handling realistic and complicated systems of electron lenses and electron mirrors. 相似文献
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A. Lerf F. E. Wagner L. K. Herrera A. Justo A. Mu noz-Páez J. L. Pérez-Rodríguez 《Hyperfine Interactions》2016,237(1):55
From the beginning of the 16 th until the end of the 19 th century the most widely used mirrors consisted of a pane of glass backed with a reflecting layer of tin-mercury amalgam. They were made by sliding the glass pane over a tin foil covered with liquid mercury. After removal of the superfluous mercury, tin amalgam formed slowly at ambient temperature and yielded a reflecting layer adhering to the surface of the glass. Such mirrors often deteriorate in the course of time by oxidation of the tin in the amalgam to stannous or stannic oxide. 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, micro-XRF and X-ray diffraction have been used to study this deterioration process. The studied specimens were a modern mirror made for the reconstruction of the Green Vault in Dresden in the early 2000s, two rather well preserved German mirrors from the 17 th and 19 th centuries and several strongly deteriorated specimens of Baroque mirrors from the south of Spain. The modern mirror consists mainly of a Sn0.9Hg0.1 amalgam with only 2 % of SnO2. The older German mirrors showed more pronounced oxidation, containing 12 and 15 % of SnO2, which did not noticeably impair their reflectivity. In the samples from the Spanish mirrors at best a few percent of metallic phase was left. The majority of the tin had oxidised to SnO2, but between 8 and 20 % of the tin was present as SnO. X-ray diffraction yielded similar results and micro-XRF mapping using synchrotron radiation for excitation gave information on the distribution of Sn and Hg in the reflecting layer of the mirrors. 相似文献
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Chian Liu G.E. IceW. Liu L. AssoufidJ. Qian B. ShiR. Khachatryan M. WieczorekP. Zschack J.Z. Tischler 《Applied Surface Science》2012,258(6):2182-2186
This paper describes fabrication methods used to demonstrate the advantages of nested or Montel optics for micro/nanofocusing of synchrotron X-ray beams. A standard Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror system uses two separated elliptical mirrors at glancing angles to the X-ray beam and sequentially arranged at 90° to each other to focus X-rays successively in the vertical and horizontal directions. A nested KB mirror system has the two mirrors positioned perpendicular and side-by-side to each other. Compared to a standard KB mirror system, Montel optics can focus a larger divergence and the mirrors can have a shorter focal length. As a result, nested mirrors can be fabricated with improved demagnification factor and ultimately smaller focal spot, than with a standard KB arrangement. The nested system is also more compact with an increased working distance, and is more stable, with reduced complexity of mirror stages. However, although Montel optics is commercially available for laboratory X-ray sources, due to technical difficulties they have not been used to microfocus synchrotron radiation X-rays, where ultra-precise mirror surfaces are essential. The main challenge in adapting nested optics for synchrotron microfocusing is to fabricate mirrors with a precise elliptical surface profile at the very edge where the two mirrors meet and where X-rays scatter. For example, in our application to achieve a sub-micron focus with high efficiency, a surface figure root-mean-square (rms) error on the order of 1 nm is required in the useable area along the X-ray footprint with a ∼0.1 mm-diameter cross section. In this paper we describe promising ways to fabricate precise nested KB mirrors using our profile coating technique and inexpensive flat Si substrates. 相似文献
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Christophe Hecquet Franck Delmotte Marie-Fran?oise Ravet-Krill Sébastien de Rossi Arnaud Jérome Fran?oise Bridou Fran?oise Varnière Evgueni Meltchakov Frédéric Auchère Angelo Giglia Nicola Mahne Stefano Nanaronne 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,95(2):401-408
In this paper, we present a study on two-channel multilayer mirrors which can operate at two wavelengths in Extreme Ultraviolet
(EUV) spectral range. We propose a new method to design two-channel EUV multilayer mirrors with enhanced spectral selectivity.
The mirror structure is a stack of two periodic multilayers separated by a buffer layer. We have defined the main parameters
which allow adjustment of the distance between different order Bragg’s peak and of wavelength positions of reflectivity minima.
Two mirrors have been designed and deposited for solar EUV telescope applications by using this method. The first mirror reflects
Fe IX–X line (17.1 nm) and Fe XVI (33.5 nm) lines with attenuation of the He II line (30.4 nm). The second mirror reflects
Fe IX–X and He II lines with attenuation of Fe XV (28.4 nm) and Fe XVI lines. Measurements with synchrotron radiation source
confirm that, in both cases, for these mirrors, we are able to adjust reflectivity maxima (Bragg peak position) and minima.
Such multilayers offer new possibilities for compact design of multi-wavelength EUV telescopes and/or for high spectral selectivity. 相似文献
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A shearing interferometer based on a Michelson interferometer is proposed for collimation testing of a CO2 laser beam. The shear and tilt between the interfering wavefronts is obtained by replacing one or both mirrors of the Michelson interferometer with double mirrors arranged to act as 90 ° or near 90 ° prisms in retroreflecting mode. Detailed analysis for two experimental configurations of this system are presented. 相似文献
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为满足复杂航天光学系统对精度的要求,克服传统基准传递技术与计算机辅助装调技术对多于3片反射镜的复杂光学系统进行装调时存在的局限性,提出了两种技术相结合的装调方法。采用提出的方法对三镜消像散(TMA)空间相机进行了装调,结果显示:三镜在Y向和Z向的失调量分别由18.651和9.879 mm降低到1.036和0.102 mm,系统波前差达到全视场平均值1/14λ(RMS)。结果证明:此方法能有效缩短装调时间并达到系统要求的精度指标,对于多镜复杂光学系统装调具有指导和参考价值。 相似文献
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We present the analytical calculation, validated by experiments, of the virtual image of solid cone mirrors used to decipher hidden pictures and/or writings on the plane of the cone’s base. Our results demonstrate that the virtual image of solid cone mirrors lies on a not intuitive 3D surface, thus showing how the commonly used geometric treatment is inadequate to find the correct position of the virtual image. The extension of our analysis to cone mirrors used as panoramic imaging tools for machine vision is discussed. 相似文献
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双变形镜自适应光学系统像差解耦研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对由大行程变形镜和高空间频率变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统中的像差解耦原理和限定像差校正算法做了理论分析。认为在高空间频率变形镜的斜率响应矩阵中加入限定像差向量,根据直接斜率法分别计算出两个变形镜的控制电压,可以实现两个变形镜分别对低阶像差和高阶像差的闭环校正。仿真研究了19单元变形镜和61单元变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统对低阶像差和高阶像差分别校正的情况,结果说明双变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果与理想行程的单变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果相当,避免了制作同时具有大行程和高空间频率两个特征的变形镜。 相似文献