固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定叶中54种农药残留量

建立了固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱( SPE-GC-MS/MS)分析茶叶中54种农药残留的方法.样品用乙睛提取,提取液经石墨化炭黑/氨基固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-串联质谱方法在分时段选择反应监测模式下进行测定,外标法定量.当54种农药加标水平为10、50、100 μg/kg时,回收率为60％～150％,方法的...     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中107种农药的残留量

采用分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱(QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS)建立了蔬菜中107种农药残留量的分析方法。样品由含1%冰醋酸的正己烷饱和乙腈提取、分散固相萃取法净化,采用气相色谱-串联质谱方法在分时段选择反应监测模式下进行测定,外标法定量。所有农药在0.05～1 mg/L范围内线性关系均良好;所有农药的方法定量限(LOQ)均低于10 μg/kg;在10 μg/kg的添加水平下,大蒜、青刀豆、萝卜和菠菜4种基质中绝大多数农药的平均回收率处于60%～130%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于15.3%。该方法不仅能用于多种蔬菜基质中107种农药残留的检测,而且还能较好地解决本底成分相当复杂的大蒜基质极易出现的干扰问题。     

坚果中185种农药残留的气相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了花生仁、葵花籽、核桃仁和杏仁中185种农药多残留的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测方法.样品经乙腈(含1%乙酸)均质提取,EN\1-18串联PSA固相萃取柱净化,在多重反应监测(MRM)模式下进行气相色谱-串联质谱法测定.185种农药在坚果样品中的检出限(S/N=5)为0.02～526.4μg/kg,定...     

多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取结合在线GPC/GC-MS/MS技术同时检测茶叶中40种有机磷农药

建立了一种以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为分散固相萃取吸附剂的前处理净化技术,结合在线凝胶色谱/气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GPC/GC-MS/MS)同时测定茶叶中40种有机磷农药残留的方法。茶叶用乙腈提取,经MWCNTs净化后进行GPC/GC-MS/MS分析。利用该方法对空白茶叶样品进行20、50、150μg/kg 3个不同浓度水平的加标回收试验,平均回收率为84.2%~109.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于8.9%,方法检出限为0.5~4.6μg/kg。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、成本低,可以满足多种农药残留同时分析的要求。     

气相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测及同步子离子全扫描定性定量分析蔬菜中287种农药残留

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)多反应监测(T-SRM)及同步二级全谱同时定性定量检测蔬菜中287种农药残留的方法。基于改进的QuEChERS方式进行样品前处理,使叶绿素在乙腈-水体系中的溶解度降低而析出,经0.2μm有机相滤膜过滤,有效的去除了叶绿素,净化后采用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱在多反应监测(T-SRM)模式下进行外标法定量测定。结果表明287种分析物的浓度在5.0～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,定量限为10μg/kg。进行3个水平(10,20和50μg/kg)的加标回收试验,其回收率为45%～110%,其中277个目标物回收率为60%～110%。方法的相对标准偏差(RDS)小于20%。引入了一种新的MRM监测模式(T-SRM),并且在定量限10μg/kg残留浓度下可同步获得二级全扫描质谱图。该方法已广泛应用于蔬菜中多种农药残留的快速检测与确证的日常检测工作中。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大豆与玉米中的苯甲酰脲类农药残留

建立了大豆和玉米中苯甲酰脲类农药的反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESIMS/MS)检测方法。样品经含0.1%乙酸的乙腈提取、浓缩,阳离子固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定。9种苯甲酰脲类农药在5.0～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r20.995)。在大豆和玉米基质中的检出限均为3.0μg/kg,定量下限均为10.0μg/kg。在10.0、20.0、50.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,9种苯甲酰脲类农药的回收率为46%～92%,精密度(RSD)小于14%。方法准确、灵敏、简单,适用于大豆和玉米中9种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的同时测定。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定蔬菜中多杀霉素等4种农药残留

采用固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)建立了多种蔬菜中4种农药残留量的分析方法,并对净化方法、色谱及质谱条件进行优化。蔬菜样品经乙腈提取、提取液经盐析后,取上清液经PC/NH2(或NH2)固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩后,用甲醇定容并过膜,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行外标法定量测定。结果表明,4种农药在5~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 2),在8种蔬菜中的检出限和定量下限分别为0.033~0.167μg/kg和0.10~0.50μg/kg。在10,50,250μg/kg 3个浓度加标水平下,4种农药的回收率为70.9%~123.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%。方法准确、灵敏、简单、快速,适用于多种蔬菜中多杀霉素等4种农药残留的同时测定。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱测定茶叶中10种极性农药残留

建立了绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶和普洱茶中8种氨基甲酸酯和2种烟碱类农药等10种极性农药残留超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。茶叶样品经水润湿15 min后,乙腈提取,Carbon/NH2固相萃取净化,乙腈-甲苯(3:1V/V)淋洗。UPLC-MS/MS采用电喷雾电离(ESI),多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法在7.5,15,30μg/kg添加水平上回收率达到72.2%～92.5%,RSD≤9.2%。10种农药的基质效应因不同农药和不同种类茶叶基质存在较大差异,且均表现为基质抑制效应,因此校正工作液需采用相似茶叶空白基质配制。方法的定量限(LOQ)均达到7.5μg/kg.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中残留的92种农药

建立了茶叶中92种农药多残留的气相色谱分析方法。茶叶样品用乙腈一次性提取后,有机磷类农药经Envi-Carb固相小柱净化,用10 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)检测;有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药经串联Envi-Carb和NH2固相小柱净化,用5 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,GC-电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测。采用外标法定量。添加回收试验的结果表明:92种农药的平均回收率为80.3%～117.1%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～9.8%。方法的检出限为0.0025～0.10 mg/kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉龙县人参中农药残留量

采用固相萃取净化前处理技术,结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法建立了人参中11种农药同时检测的方法。样品用1%冰乙酸和乙腈的混合溶液提取,提取液离心后,上清液经填有无水硫酸镁、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶、硅胶和石墨化炭黑的固相萃取柱净化,浓缩、复溶后进行GC-MS/MS测定,采用多反应监测模式,内标法定量。当11种农药加标水平为0.004,0.01 mg/kg时回收率为54%~103%,方法的相对标准偏差小于15%;检出限(S/N=3)不高于6μg/kg;在10~1000μg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法适用于复杂基质中农药的多残留检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.