电感耦合等离子体-质谱测定石灰性土壤中的有效磷

采用电感耦合等离子体一质谱法测定石灰性土壤中的有效磷,方法检出限为0.090μg/g.通过对国家土壤有效态一级标准物质和行业标准物质测试,测定结果与标准值基本一致;对GBW 7413、GBw 7414、ASA-8、ASA-9标准物质进行11次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%.     

ICP-MS测定土壤样品中的有效锰、铜和锌

以DTPA提取土壤中的有效锰、铜、锌,不经分离富集,电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定土壤样品中的有效锰、铜和锌,方法检出限分别可达0.042μg/L、0.039μg/L、0.028μg/L.通过对国家土壤有效态一级标准物质测试,测定结果基本一致;GBW 07412标准物质11次测定锰、铜和锌的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.49%、3.72%、5.65%.     

沸水浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中的有效硼

土壤中有效硼测定对评价土壤有效硼供应水平具有重要意义,土壤中有效硼含量的高低直接影响植物的生长过程,因此如何提取和测定有效硼的含量至关重要。然而传统的沸水浸提-姜黄素比色法和沸水浸提-亚甲胺比色法前处理部分流程长、速度慢和使用试剂较多且不易操作,检测结果容易造成较大的误差,随着土地质量地球化学调查、生态地球化学调查和农业地质调查项目工作的开展,该方法已经不能满足大批量及快速测定土壤样品的要求。采用沸水浸提土壤中的有效硼,浸提液采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定,主要是从密闭和敞开环境浸提、最佳浸提时间、测定过程中谱线的干扰和不同的土壤类型进行实验的对比研究,优选出适合分析土壤中有效硼的实验条件。结果表明：不同类型的土壤中有效硼在敞开环境条件下,沸水浸提10 min中,测量值与标准物质推荐值最接近,在测定过程中,由于沸水浸提出的铁的含量较低,对测定有效硼的含量基本无影响。该方法的检出限为0.004 9 μg·g-1,测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSD,n=12）均小于9%,准确度经12个国家一级土壤有效态成分分析标准物质验证,测定结果与推荐值相符。沸水浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法前处理操作简单、流程短、检测快速,分析结果准确可靠,避免样品处理过程中的硼污染,且一次可浸提几十个土壤样品,大大提高了分析效率,适合于土壤中有效硼含量的测定。     

沸水浸提-ICP-AES快速测定赣南脐橙园土壤中的有效硼

建立了一种应用沸水浸提-ICP-AES快速测定土壤中有效硼的方法。采用聚乙烯瓶代替昂贵的石英三角瓶和石英回流器,在沸水中提取土壤中的有效硼,用ICP-AES代替姜黄素分光光度法测定提取物中的有效硼含量。该法操作简单、快捷、无污染,而且具有很好的准确度和精密度。该法可成功地用于赣南脐橙园1500个土壤样品中有效硼的测定。     

ICP-AES快速测定土壤中的有效硼

用ICP-AES测定土壤中的有效硼,检出限为0.006μg/mL,加标回收率在95.0%—104.0%之间,相对标准偏差小于2.0%。本方法快速简便,适合大批量的样品检测。     

电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定土壤中的有效钼

样品经草酸-草酸铵浸提,不经分离富集,振荡0.5h后放置过夜,干过滤后采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法直接测定土壤中的有效钼。方法检出限(3s)为0.015μg/g,RSD(n=12)为2.91%—06.41%。经国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与标准值基本一致。     

密闭溶样-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定地质样品中的微量硼

采用酸溶密闭溶样处理样品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定地质样品中的微量硼.方法检出限为0.029μg/g.测定国家标准物质,测定结果均在标准值的允许误差范围内,同一样品11次分析结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.20％.方法简便、结果可靠、使用化学试剂少,适用于大批地质样品的分析测试.     

ICP-AES快速测定土壤中硫含量

采用ICP-AES研究土壤中硫含量的测定.以王水消解土壤试样,优化全谱型ICP-AES分析条件测定土壤中S的含量,检出限为5.7ng/mL(180.7nm)和8.6ng/mL(182.0nm).测定土壤标准物质中的S含量,测定结果在标称值范围内,连续测定10个平行样其相对标准偏差均小于2%.方法快速、简单、准确.     

催化热解-AAS测定环境水及土壤样品中的总汞

建立催化热解-AAS测定环境水及土壤样品中总汞的方法。采用DMA80型直接测汞仪测定水样及土壤中总汞含量,并采用有证标准物质验证方法的准确度、精密度。方法的线性范围为:低浓度系列0.01—0.3μg/mL,线性方程y=0.0116x+0.0012,R2=0.9997;高浓度系列0.50—4.00μg/mL,线性方程y=0.001x+0.0034,R2=0.9996,RSD为1.1%—1.3%。催化热解-AAS测定环境水及土壤样品中的总汞含量,方法简便,灵敏度高,适合环境水及土壤样品中总汞的测定。     

直流电弧全谱直读原子发射光谱法(DC-Arc-AES)测定地球化学样品中痕量硼、钼、银、锡、铅的方法研究

建立了直流电弧全谱直读原子发射光谱法(DC-Arc-AES)测定地球化学样品中痕量硼、钼、银、锡、铅的分析方法。所使用直流电弧全谱直读原子发射光谱仪采用大面积固态检测器,具有全谱直读功能,并能实时背景校正。通过研究提出了新的电极和新的缓冲剂配方,方法采用内标法,以Ge元素作内标元素,同时选择了合适的分析线对。电流程序研究中设置多级电流,每级电流设置不同保持时间,升电流时选择连续升电流方式,可以有效消除试样的飞溅。以氩气为保护气消除CN带的产生并减少光谱背景,选择氩气流量为3.5 L·min-1。作各元素的蒸发曲线,得出各元素的蒸发行为基本一致,同时结合摄谱时间对各元素强度和背景的影响,得出最佳的设谱时间为35 s。方法选择国家一级地球化学标准物质作为标准系列,标准系列中包括了不同性质、不同含量的标准物质,满足地球化学样品中痕量硼、钼、银、锡、铅的测定。在优化的实验条件下,方法检出限为：B: 1.1 μg·g-1,Mo: 0.09 μg·g-1,Ag: 0.01 μg·g-1,Sn: 0.41 μg·g-1,Pb: 0.56 μg·g-1,精密度为(RSD, n=12)：B: 4.57%～7.63%,Mo: 5.14%～7.75%,Ag: 5.48%～12.30%,Sn: 3.97%～10.46%,Pb: 4.26%～9.21%,准确度通过国家一级地球化学标准物质验证,结果与标准值相符。本方法简便、快速,是测定地球化学样品中痕量硼、钼、银、锡、铅的一种先进的分析方法,具有一定的实用性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.