用同步荧光光谱测定量测定细胞色素C

采用同步荧光光谱技术研究了细胞色素Ｃ（ＣｙｔＣ）的同步荧光光谱特性，发现在波长差△λ＝２０ｎｍ时表现为酷氨酸（Ｇｙｒ）残基的荧光峰，在△λ＝８０ｎｍ时为色氨酸（Ｔｒｙ）残基的荧光峰。同时考察了浓度对ＣｙｔＣ同步荧光光谱的影响，为ＣｙｔＣ的定量测定打下基础。     

用同步荧光光谱法定量测定细胞色素C

采用同步荧光光谱技术研究了细胞色素C(Cyt C)的同步荧光光谱特性,发现在波长差Δλ=20nm时表现为酪氨酸(Tyr)残基的荧光峰,在Δλ=80nm时为色氨酸(Try)残基的荧光峰。同时考察了浓度对Cyt C同步荧光光谱的影响,为Cyt C的定量测定打下基础。     

脲对细胞色素c同步荧光光谱和电化学行为的影响

研究了细胞色素C溶液的同步荧光光谱和电化学性质随加入的脲的浓度而发生的变化,发现随着脲浓度的增加,细胞色素c分子在溶液中发生降聚、细胞色素c分子中卟啉环对溶剂暴露程度的增加和卟啉环上Fe-S键的断裂等过程和相应的电化学行为的变化.提出细胞色素c在金属电极上电化学反应不可逆可能是在较浓细胞色素c的溶液中,其分子大都以电化学活性较差的多聚体的形式存在而造成的.     

肌红蛋白的同步荧光光谱

首次对肌红蛋白的同步荧光光谱进行了研究,并对肌红蛋白荧光峰予以归属。当△λ为20nm时,308nm处的荧光峰主要为酪氨酸残基的贡献,很小一部分是由色氨酸残基贡献的;△λ为40nm时,分别在322和596nm处观察到两个荧光峰,322nm的荧光峰为酪氨酸和色氨酸残基的共同贡献,596nm的荧光峰则归属为肌红蛋白分子中血红素的贡献。     

胰岛素分子存在形态及结构变化的同步荧光光谱研究

利用同步荧光光谱技术，在波长差Δλ为30nm和80nm下对胰岛素的同步荧光光谱特征进行研究，发现胰岛素中的酪氨酸和色氨酸残基的同步荧光光谱随浓度改变而发生变化，该变化与胰岛素在溶液中的聚集状态以及浓度淬灭作用有关。当在还原剂二硫苏糖醇作用下，胰岛素的同步荧光峰强度和位置均发生明显的变化，因此利用同步荧光光谱的变化对胰岛素分子存在形态和结构进行表征。     

稀土金属离子及pH诱导牛血清白蛋白构象变化的同步荧光光谱研究

用同步荧光法并辅以普通荧光法对不同浓度稀土离子及pH诱导的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)构象变化进行了详细研究, 发现稀土离子使色氨酸(Trp)残基的荧光蓝移, 荧光强度降低; 酪氨酸(Tyr)残基荧光峰位置不变, 稀土离子浓度较低时, 荧光峰强度降低, 而当浓度较高时, Tyr残基荧光峰强度反而增强. 据此推断了稀土离子与BSA结合反应中Trp残基微环境和Tyr残基微环境及构象的变化并与pH引起的变化进行了比较.     

溶液中溶菌酶的荧光光谱研究

本文采用荧光分析法(荧光光谱、荧光偏振度)结合内源荧光探针色氨酸残基对溶菌酶及其在不同条件下的构象变化进行了研究。结果表明,利用荧光光谱可对溶菌酶溶液构象进行有效的分析,能够较直观地表征色氨酸残基在溶菌酶分子中的微环境及其在不同条件下构象的变化,得出了一些较有价值的结果。     

脂质体对细胞色素C结构的稳定作用

采用同步荧光光谱考察细胞色素C(CytC)在脂质体环境中分子内基团微环境的变化,推测分子的空间构象。结果表明:CytC结合到脂质体上引起分子内基团重新组装和排布,氨基酸残基所处的微环境发生明显变化,体现在荧光光谱上,酪氨酸和色氨酸的光活性增强,色氨酸在水溶液中的分子内电荷转移得到抑制,此过程不涉及化学键的断裂。在脂质体环境中,尿素引起的CytC解聚变性效应得到明显抑制,脂质体与尿素在促进CytC分子内氨基酸残基发光上有协同效应。     

长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒精氨酸酯酶1的研究Ⅱ.酶学性质和荧光光谱研究(续Ⅰ)

测得了长白山白眉蝮蛇毒精氨酸酯酶 1的最适反应的pH范围为 7.0～ 8.0 ,且与酶反应底物对甲苯磺酰-L -精氨酸甲酯 (TAME)的反应无明显的最适应反应温度 .荧光光谱的研究结果表明 :该酶的酪氨酸残基的荧光被色氨酸残基的荧光所掩盖 ;同步荧光光谱结果表明 :当发射波长与激发波长差Δλ分别为 2 0nm和 75nm时 ,精氨酸酯酶 1的荧光光谱分别由酪氨酸 (Tyr)和色氨酸 (Trp)残基所贡献 ,且处于亲水性环境中 ;精氨酸酯酶 1的荧光发射强度受溶液酸度变化的影响 .I- ,Acr和NBS对精氨酸酯酶 1的荧光淬灭结果表明这种酶中含有多个色氨酸残基 ,且处于不同的微环境中。     

原子力显微镜对细胞色素C分子结构的形态研究

用原子力显微镜(AFM)对不同浓度下细胞色素C的分子形态,以及加入蛋白质降聚和变性剂脲后的形态变化进行了考察。实验结果显示,在50μmol/L的低浓度溶液中细胞色素C分子主要以直径为3nm的类球形单体形式存在。浓度增大,细胞色素C分子发生聚集,且随着浓度的进一步增大,细胞色素C分子倾向于形成更大的聚集体。浓度为200μmol/L时,聚集体分子间相互缠绕,形成链状结构。浓度低于0.8mol/L的脲的加入基本不影响细胞色素C分子的形态。加入较高浓度的脲,细胞色素C聚集体的聚集数降低,聚集体分子间没有明显的链状结构。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.