甲烷单加氧酶的催化性能

研究了来源于ｅｔｈｙｌｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．ＧＹＪ３菌的甲烷单加氧酶（ＭＭＯ）的催化性能，结果表明，当组成该酶的三个组分，羟基化酶、调节蛋白Ｂ和还的酶的摩尔比为１：１．７：２．０时，重组的ＭＭＯ体系酸疼的比活最高，为３４２ｎｍｏｌ／（ｍｇ．ｍｉｎ），当反应体系的ＰＨ在６．５－７．５时，ＭＭＯ酶的活力最大，研究了纯ＭＭＯ催化甲烷羟基化反应作丙烯环氧化反应的特性，以及金属离子和电子本对ＭＭＯ催化反应的影     

有机溶剂中(R)-醇腈酶催化不对称合成(R)-苯乙醇腈

 研究了来源于杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶在有机溶剂异丙醚中催化苯甲醛与HCN不对称合成（R）－苯乙醇腈，初步探讨了来源于不同杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶的筛选、最适酶量的确定以及底物HCN与苯甲醛的配比、底物浓度、酶的微环境pH和反应温度对不对称合成反应的影响．结果发现，来源于苦杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶优于来源于甜杏仁的（R）－醇腈酶．优化的反应条件为：最适酶量150g／L，HCN与苯甲醛的配比2．5，苯甲醛浓度300mmol／L，酶的微环境pH5．4，反应温度0～5℃．在该优化反应条件下，反应平衡转化率和产物的光学纯度均高达99％以上．     

EPR法研究自由基在移植免疫中的作用

用电子顺磁共振（ＥＰＲ）法，化学发光法及荧光光谱法研究了１００例正常人、４２例角膜移值患者泪液中的自由基、超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）和水溶性脂质过氧化物（ＷＳＬＰ）等指标．结果表明正常人泪液中自由基的自旋浓度是（３．６±０．５８）×１０１２ｓｐｉｎｓ／ｍＬ，ＳＯＤ浓度为（３．８４±１．４５）μｇ／Ｌ、水溶性脂质过氧化物相对荧光强度为９．５９８～１６．２２５Ｕ／ｍＬ．角膜移植后三项指标变化出现两个规律的峰，这种规律性变化在三项指标间存在显著的相关性．其中５例患者的特殊变化证明移植排斥反应与术后这些变化的进一步持续发展有关     

有机溶剂中脂肪酶催化酯交换反应的研究

对几种有机溶剂中猪胰脂肪酸催化的酯交换反应进行了研究，详细考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物摩尔比、反应物中水含量和不同溶剂对反应性能的影响。结果表明：1．反应温度在313K左右时酶显示出最高催化活性。2．在实验条件下，反应进行72h后，转化率不再随反应时间的延长而变化，即反应达到平衡。3．酯／醇摩尔比的增大对反应转化率的影响较小。4．反应系统中水含量为0．5％－1．3％时，酶的催化活性最高。5．酶的催化活性随溶剂极性增大而降低。     

在N—甲基吡咯烷酮中聚苯硫醚合成的宏观动力学

研究了无水硫化钠与对二氯苯（以Ｎ－甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂）合成聚苯硫醚反应的宏观动力学，该反应是一个小分子缩合串联自缩聚的过程，通过测定不同反应聚合体系中氯化钠的徨成率和硫化内的转化率，建立了该反应的宏观动力学方程：１／（１－ＰＮａＣｌ＋ＰＮａ２ｓ）＝Ｃ０Ｋｔ＋１；并计算得到２２０、２５０℃的表观反应速率为４．５×１０＾－４和３．０×１０＾－３ｋｇ／（ｍｏｌ．ｓ），表观活化能为１３４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

无溶剂体系中的脂肪酶催化反应研究进展

酶作为一种生物催化剂，具有专一性强、催化效率高、在常温常压等温和条件下能进行操作等优点，从而引起众多学者的兴趣．传统酶学研究的是酶在水溶液中的催化行为，这使得人们产生了误解，认为只有在水溶液中酶才能保持活性，有机溶剂会使酶变性失活．1984年，美国麻省理工工学院的科学家Klibanov首次发现有许多酶可用于有机溶剂，从而解决了有机化合物在水介质中的低溶解性限制酶催化剂应用的问题，酶不仅能够在有机溶剂中保持稳定，而且还显示出很高的催化转酯活力．这一发现为酶学研究和应用带来了又一次革命性飞跃，从而促进了非水酶学的兴起，使之成为目前重要的酶技术之一．其中研究较多的是脂肪酶，脂肪酶不仅能催化油脂水解，而且在非水介质中也能催化油脂的酯交换反应，用来提高油脂的品位．随着研究的深入和学科的交叉，各种新的酶促反应体系也相继被发现，大大拓宽了酶催化反应的应用范围，使酶法合成逐步发展成为与化学法合成相互补充的合成方法．近年来非水介质中的不同反应体系的酶催化反应，主要有：有机溶剂体系、反相胶束体系、超临界体系、气相体系等，其中无溶剂体系中的酶促反应是非水体系中酶促反应的特例．     

邻氨基苯酚与漆树漆酶反应的微量热法研究

在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（ｐＨ７．４）中，用微量热法测定了２９８．１５Ｋ时漆树漆酶与邻氨基苯酚反应的摩尔反应焓ΔｒＨｍ＝２５２．２１±３．５９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，米氏常数Ｋｍ＝７．７７×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和表观一级反应速率常数ｋ１＝７．２３×１０－３ｓ－１，及此条件下邻氨基苯酚作底物时的漆酶活性值ＥＡ＝０．１９０（ＩＵ）。     

氧化藏红T褪色催化荧光法测定痕量钒

研究了在酸性介质中柠檬酸存在下，痕量钒（Ｖ）催化溴酸钾氧化藏红Ｔ的褪色反应及其动力学条件，建立了催化荧光测定痕量钒的新方法。催化反应在沸水浴中进行８ｍｉｎ，为假零级反应，反应的表观活化能力为９９．２１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，反应速度常数为０．１２／ｓ；该方法的检出限为２．２×１０＾－８ｇ／Ｌ；线性范围为０．２￣２．４μｇ／Ｌ研究了共存离子的影响，用于人发和煤灰中痕量钒的测定，结果令人满意。     

核糖核酸酶A在丁酸十二铵—环己烷反胶束溶液中的催化动力学

研究了核糖核酸酶Ａ（ＲＮａｓｅＡ）在丁酸十二铵（ＤＡＢ）－环己烷反胶束溶液中催化水解胞苷２＇，３＇环单磷酸酯的动力学，数据符合Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ酶催化机理。以ｋｃａｔ／Ｋｍ表示酶催化活性时，ＲＮａｓｅＡ在反胶束溶液中的催化活性是在水溶液中的１４￣３０倍。无论是固定ＤＡＢ浓度还是固定Ｈ２Ｏ与ＤＡＢ浓度之比，随增溶水量的增加，ｋｃａｔ／Ｋｍ呈下降趋势。     

新试剂5－氟偶氮胂Ⅰ荧光法测定铝的研究

本文报道了新试剂５－氟偶氮胂Ⅰ（５－ＦＡｓＡ－Ⅰ）的合成方法，研究了荧光光度法测定铝的反应条件。Ａｌ（Ⅲ）与试剂在ｐＨ５．６０ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲介质中形成１＋１红色配合物并呈现荧光，λｅｘ／λｅｍ＝３４８．６／３９１．４ｎｍ，线性范围为０～０．２μｇ／ｍＬ，检测限为３．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ。用于分析茶叶样品中的铝，结果满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.