高效液相色谱-质谱法快速鉴定复方毛冬青冲剂中三萜皂苷活性成分

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱法(HPLC-MS)快速鉴定复方毛冬青冲剂中三萜皂苷活性成分的方法.以甲醇为萃取剂超声萃取复方毛冬青冲剂30 min.采用高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱(HPLC-IT-MS)和高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-TOF-MS)对萃取液进行分析,选用Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),以水(含0.1 %甲酸)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱后流出液采用电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-IT-MS)和电喷雾飞行时间质谱(ESI-TOF-MS)的正、负离子模式进行检测.检测结果经离子阱一级质谱(IT-MS1)、离子阱二级质谱(IT-MS2)和分析时间质谱(TOF-MS)信息分析,并与相关文献报道进行比较,鉴定出1种三萜酸和8种三萜皂苷成分,并推测了其它3种可能的三萜皂苷化学成分,通过对照品对比分析,三萜酸确证为Ilexgenin A,其中一种三萜皂苷确证为Ilexsaponin A1.本方法无需对照品即可快速有效地鉴定出复方毛冬青冲剂中的三萜皂苷活性成分,为建立冲剂的质量标准提供了依据.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析洛伐他丁中的杂质

利用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-质谱联用方法对洛伐他丁及其杂质成分进行分离分析和结构鉴定。实验采用D iamonsil C18(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)为分离柱,乙腈-水(含0.1%乙酸)(65∶35)为流动相,分离并检测了洛伐他丁及其杂质;通过与DAD检测器和离子阱质谱联用,获得了它们的紫外光谱和质谱数据;紫外光谱表明除氢化洛伐他丁外其余杂质与洛伐他丁基本结构相同,利用MS和MS2数据确定了杂质的分子量和侧链结构,由此鉴定了其中10个杂质的结构。实验结果表明,高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-质谱联用技术可以快速鉴定洛伐他丁中的杂质化学成分。     

傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法对赤灵芝的化学成分鉴定和指纹图谱研究

建立了基于傅立叶变换离子回旋共振超高分辨质谱(FTICR-MS)的赤灵芝化学成分鉴定和指纹图谱分析方法,并应用于不同产地赤灵芝样品的来源区分。样品采用50%甲醇进行回流提取后,以流动注射的进样方式进行直接质谱分析。以ESI离子源在负离子模式下进行检测,质荷比扫描范围为100～1 000 Da。采用精确分子量测定和碰撞诱导解离实验进行化学成分鉴定,通过与文献进行比对,共鉴定出63种化学成分(1种萜烯醛、3种糖、4种三萜醇、6种有机酸和49种三萜酸类成分)。采用聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)对所获得的质谱指纹图谱进行统计学分析,在95%的置信区间下,多个批次不同产地的赤灵芝样品得到了较好的来源区分。研究结果表明该方法可实现赤灵芝的直接、快速、高效分析和指纹图谱研究,在中药分析领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱联用技术的黄英咳喘糖浆化学成分分析

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS~E),结合UNIFI科学信息系统分析鉴定黄英咳喘糖浆中化学成分。使用Waters CORTECS Shield RP18 C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×100 mm, 2.7μm)和乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)流动相系统进行梯度洗脱;质谱采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源,通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS~E技术在正、负离子模式下采集质谱数据,将化合物精确相对分子质量和串联质谱信息通过UNIFI软件进行辅助解析,结合对照品质谱信息以及相关参考文献,共推断和鉴定出化合物93个,其中包含生物碱类9个、黄酮类43个、三萜及三萜皂苷类21个、氰苷类2个、有机酸类13个、其它类6个。UPLC-Q-TOF-MS~E法可快速、高效地对黄英咳喘糖浆进行全成分分析,为进一步筛选该药的药效成分、提高产品质量控制标准提供了科学依据。     

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速鉴定板蓝根的化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Exactive-orbitrap MS)对板蓝根70%乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行快速鉴定。色谱柱：Hypersil GOLD aQ色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9μm)。流动相：含0.1%甲酸的水溶液(A液)和含0.1%甲酸的乙腈(B液)。采用以下梯度进行洗脱：0～2 min 5%B液；2～22 min 5%～95%B液；22～27 min 95%B液；27～30 min 5%B液。流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温40℃,进样量为5μL。结果显示从板蓝根中鉴定111个化合物，包括12个氨基酸类、12个苯丙素类、2个酚类、6个核苷类、5个黄酮类、11个生物碱类、4个糖类、4个萜类、7个酰胺类、4个香豆素类、33个有机酸类、1个甾体类和10个其他类。本研究对板蓝根的化学成分进行了快速鉴定，为进一步研究板蓝根的药效物质基础和资源利用提供参考。     

交替三线性分解算法与反相高效液相-二极管阵列检测方法相结合同时测定苯二酚的位置异构体

 利用交替三线性分解算法与反相高效液相 二极管阵列检测 (RP HPLC DAD)相结合 ,在洗脱时间为1 0 86min～ 1 399min(间隔 1 / 1 50min)、紫外吸收波长为 2 68nm～ 2 98nm(间隔 1nm)时对苯二酚位置异构体的重叠及光谱体系进行了分辨研究。分辨结果与实际结果一致。同时测定了水溶液中共存的邻苯二酚、间苯二酚和对苯二酚的含量 ,回收率分别为 (1 0 0 1± 1 0 ) % ,(99 4± 1 4) % ,(1 0 0 5± 1 7) %。研究结果表明 :该方法定量快速准确 ,实验操作步骤简单 ,解决了在干扰物存在条件下三者很难同时分辨的问题。     

HPLC–TOF–MS分析泽泻提取物中三萜类化合物

分析和鉴定泽泻提取物中的化学成分。釆用高效液相色谱与飞行时间质谱联用技术(HPLC–TOF–MS),在正离子检测模式下用全扫描方式获得高分辨质谱数据,结合Agilent Mass Hunter Qualitative Analysis软件、PCDL、数据库和参考文献,总结已知化学成分的质谱裂解规律,对泽泻中的三萜类成分进行定性鉴别。泽泻提取物中共鉴定了22种三萜化合物。实验结果为泽泻的物质基础及质量控制研究提供了理论依据。     

基于UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS技术研究酸枣仁发酵过程中的化学成分转化

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱串联质谱（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS）研究了酸枣仁经茯苓发酵前后的主要化学成分变化，初步探讨了茯苓对酸枣仁发酵的转化规律.鉴定了发酵产物中24种化学成分，整合多元统计方法对酸枣仁发酵0，7和14 d后的差异性化学成分进行研究，采用正交偏最小二乘分析找到7个差异成分.采用t-检验对24种化学成分的相对含量进行分析；并分析了酸枣仁中黄酮苷、皂苷类成分的代谢反应途径.通过茯苓发酵，酸枣仁中化学成分主要发生了脱酰基和脱糖基等水解反应.为酸枣仁发酵产物的化学成分检测提供了快速、直观且准确的方法，为酸枣仁-茯苓共发酵产物的深入开发与利用提供了科学依据.     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS法分析凉山虫草化学成分

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对凉山虫草提取物的主要化学成分进行定性分析。采用Agilent SB-C_(18)(50 mm×4.6 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.25 m L/min,柱温30℃;质谱分析采用信息关联模式(IDA)正、负离子分别采集。应用Peak View软件的Formula Finder等功能、各色谱峰的质谱数据与数据库匹配结合各色谱峰的二级碎片裂解规律,共鉴定出27个化合物,其中8个为虫草中未曾报道物质;主要化学成分包括生物碱、糖苷、核苷、氨基酸等成分。该方法精确、可靠、高效,适用于凉山虫草成分的快速鉴定,为凉山虫草的开发利用以及阐明其药效物质基础提供了参考。     

高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列-高分辨质谱联用鉴定马鞭草提取物中的化学成分

采用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列-高分辨质谱联用(HPLC-PDA-HRMS)技术对马鞭草中的主要化学成分进行分析和鉴定。通过综合分析所检测到化合物的色谱、一级和多级全扫描质谱数据,对马鞭草提取物中的化学成分进行分析鉴定。马鞭草提取物中检测到环烯醚萜苷类、黄酮类、三萜类、苯乙醇苷类和二萜酚类化合物等共21种化学成分,其中鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酚、异迷迭香酚、迷迭香酸以及金合欢素-7-O-芸香糖苷6种化合物并未在其他有关马鞭草提取物鉴定的文献中出现。该方法简单快速,准确度高,为鉴定中药材真伪和品质提供了可靠的科学依据。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。