微交联聚合物降滤失剂的合成与性能

针对深井、超深井钻井液体系中的降滤失剂受长时间高温、高矿化度作用易降解的问题，以氮丙啶与3-氯丙烯反应制得-N-烯丙基氮丙啶（ALAI）； ALAI与乙二胺反应制得四烯基交联剂单体（EAAD）； EAAD与丙烯酰胺（AM）和2 丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）发生水溶液自由基共聚反应，合成了微交联共聚物降滤失剂(PAAT)，其结构和性能经¹H NMR, IR和TG-DTG表征。结果表明：PAAT可抗220 ℃高温，在高温、高矿化度条件下可维持钻井液的滤失量与流变性能，API滤失量均低于4.0 mL，高温高压滤失量均小于13.0 mL。     

交联-羧甲基复合变性淀粉的流变与降失水性能

以马铃薯淀粉和氯乙酸为主要原料,通过交联-醚化制备了交联-羧甲基复合变性淀粉(CCMS),考察了所得CCMS糊液的流变性能和在钻井泥浆中的降滤失水性能,并对其降失水原理进行了探讨。结果表明,在质量分数为0.5%~4.0%、温度为20~60℃的实验条件下,CCMS糊液表现为假塑性流体特征,符合Ostwald-Dewaele的经验公式ηa=Kγn-1;将CCMS与中粘羧甲基纤维素(MV-CMC)进行对比实验,结果发现,在饱和盐水泥浆和4%盐水泥浆中,当其用量分别为MV-CMC质量分数的57%和75%时,就可达到钻井液用MV-CMC的增粘、降滤失水性能指标。     

新型有机-无机复合型钻井液降滤失剂的制备及性能

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、对苯乙烯磺酸钠和丙烯酰胺为共聚单体,氧化石墨烯为无机改性剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一种新型的水基钻井液降滤失剂(LC-1),其结构和性能经IR, GC和TG表征。结果表明:LC-1用量为1.6 wt%时,钻井液体系老化前后的滤失量分别为9.2 mL和9.8 mL,动切力为12.5 Pa和10.4 Pa,动塑比为0.30和0.26,钻井液体系的降滤失性、流变性和耐热性较好。页岩滚动回收两次,回收率大于90%。     

最小二乘法在聚合物有效物含量评价方法研究中的应用

为了彻底排除各种无机盐杂质的影响,真实地评价聚合物产品的有效成分含量,研究了醇酸共洗法测试钻井液用聚合物类降滤失剂有效物的可行性。该方法不但可有效地去除样品中的残留碱、水溶性无机盐类,同时还可以有效地去除样品中的酸溶性无机盐(如碳酸盐等)。在进行实验数据处理时,考虑标准碳酸钙的加入量与样品有效物含量测试结果间有较明显的线性关系,运用最小二乘法及加标回测外推法等统计学工具,最大限度地降低了测试结果的不确定度,提高了方法的准确度与可靠性,形成了较完善的钻井液用聚合物类降滤失剂产品有效物含量的评价方法。目前该方法已成功地应用于Q/SHCG 35-201《2钻井液用合成聚合物降滤失剂技术要求》等多个石化行业一级企业技术标准。     

淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成

淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成;淀粉; 阳离子; 两性絮凝剂     

电磁干法制备阳离子淀粉

阳离子淀粉是一种系列产品,用不同类型的醚化剂,在不同反应条件下进行阳离子化反应,能制得不同类型和品种且具有不同用途的阳离子淀粉,可用作优良的造纸湿部添加剂和补强剂,已广泛应用于造纸、纺织、食品和油田钻井等行业,目前国内外均采用湿式法工艺来制备各种不同的阳离子淀粉,为改善其性能和提高生产效率,经反复试验,我们发现利     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚催化干法制备阳离子淀粉

阳离子淀粉是淀粉与阳离子试剂反应制得的一类很重要的淀粉衍生物。已广泛用于造纸、纺织、食品、油田、粘合剂、化妆品和污水处理等行业 [1 ,2 ]。阳离子淀粉传统的制备方法是溶液法 ,因反应时间长、溶剂消耗量大、产品成本高、对环境污染严重等 ,从而使产品的开发和应用受到限制。自 Caesar等 [3,4 ]发现干法制备阳离子淀粉的方法以来 ,受到了变性淀粉研究工作者的重视。在用 Na OH作催化剂 ,干法制备季铵型阳离子淀粉方面 ,国内也做了许多研究工作 ,取得了许多研究成果 [5～ 7]。岳世泰等 [8]也报道了用电磁干法制备阳离子淀粉的研究成…     

阳离子淀粉吸附脱色性能的研究

本文对阳离子淀粉(CST)的吸附性能进行了系统的研究。实验表明阳离子淀粉对各种阴离子染料的吸附,主要是化学吸附。在pH为2～8范围内和室温下,对不同结构的阴离子染料均有一定吸附脱色效果。     

交联阳离子淀粉(DS=0.95)的干法制备及其脱色性能

在碱催化剂BZ-1存在下,以N-(2,3-环氧丙基)三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为阳离子化试剂,干法制备了交联高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉。对制得阳离子淀粉的脱色性能研究结果表明,交联高取代度阳离子淀粉对活性染料具有优异的脱色效果。     

钻井液用交联-接枝淀粉的制备及性能

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用“溶剂法”工艺合成了高粘度抗剪切丙烯酸钠接枝淀粉(St),考察了单体、引发剂和交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、反应时间及反应温度对合成交联丙烯酸钠接枝淀粉糊液粘度的影响。 结果表明,其优化反应条件为：m(淀粉)∶m(丙烯酸）=1∶1.5,乙醇质量分数为80%,过硫酸铵的用量为单体总质量的1%,交联剂为单体总质量的0.6%,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度为55 ℃,丙烯酸中和度为70%。 该交联接枝淀粉糊液具有良好的触变性,在4%盐水泥浆中的添加量为14.0 g/L时,表观粘度为26.0 mPa·s,滤失量为7.2 mL;在饱和盐水泥浆中添加量为23.5 g/L时,表观粘度为54.5 mPa·s,滤失量为3.1 mL;在80 ℃高温下老化16 h其表观粘度及滤失量等性能基本保持不变,表现出良好的增粘、降失水作用和抗盐、抗老化性能。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。