乙二胺杂化锗酸锌纳米带的绿色合成及其对铀酰离子的吸附与检测

该文采用水热法合成了一种新型乙二胺杂化的锗酸锌纳米带(NH₂-Zn₂GeO₄ NRs),并用于铀酰离子(UO₂²⁺)的检测和吸附。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)以及荧光光谱等对纳米带的结构及其光学特性进行了表征。结果表明NH₂-Zn₂GeO₄ NRs表面含有大量的—Ge—O—H和—NH₂基团,为UO₂²⁺的检测和吸附提供了丰富的结合位点。此外NH₂-Zn₂GeO₄ NRs可高效、高选择性地吸附和检测UO₂²⁺,其对UO₂²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,最大吸附量为190 mg...     

生物铵转运蛋白对NH3/NH4+作用机理研究

铵转运蛋白广泛存在于细菌、真菌、植物以及动物等各种生命体中。生物铵转运蛋白对NH₃/NH₄⁺的传输作用已被广泛研究,然而,对于通过铵转运蛋白疏水性孔腔的物种是带电荷的NH₄⁺离子还是电中性的NH₃分子,仍存在很大争议。本文综述了近年来生物铵转运蛋白对NH₃/NH₄⁺作用机理的研究进展,主要包括NH₃或NH₄⁺的传输及NH₃和H⁺共传输等机理。     

NH3R++NHR2(R=H,CH3)体系质子传递反应的从头算研究

用从头计算法在HF/6-31G^*基组水平上研究了NH₄⁺+NH₃→NH₃+NH₄⁺,NH₄⁺+NH₂CH₃→NH₃+NH₃CH₃⁺,NH₄⁺+NH(CH₃)₂→NH₃+NH₂(CH₃)₂⁺以及NH₃CH₃⁺+NH₂CH₃→NH₂CH₃+NH₃CH₃⁺等4个体系的质子传递反应的机理.结果表明:(1)上述质子传递反应均具有双阱型的势能面,质子沿N(1)、N(2)连线直接传递;(2)质子受体分子中的甲基对质子传递起促进作用,而质子给体离子中的甲基则阻碍质子的传递。     

风化壳淋积型稀土矿多级逆流浸取实验研究

风化壳淋积型稀土矿的开采主要通过浸矿剂离子与吸附在黏土矿物表面的稀土离子发生离子交换浸出反应实现。以(NH₄)₂SO₄为浸矿剂,采用多级逆流浸取的方式研究了风化壳淋积型稀土矿的浸矿过程,通过在逐级浸取过程中浸出液组分的变化分析了矿土中稀土离子(RE³⁺)和主要杂质铝离子(Al³⁺)的浸出行为,并基于浸矿剂的消耗规律探讨了浸矿剂离子与RE³⁺和Al³⁺的离子交换反应机制以及原矿土的净吸附量。结果表明,在浸矿液逐级浸取新鲜矿土的过程中,浸出液中的RE³⁺和Al³⁺浓度逐渐增加,铵根离子(NH₄⁺)逐渐消耗,交换进入浸出液中的RE³⁺和Al³⁺逐级减少;同时,浸出液中的硫酸根离子(SO₄^2-)逐级损耗,说明新鲜矿土除因发生离子交换反应消耗NH₄<...     

氨基修饰介孔SiO2的合成及对其对Hg2+、 Ni2+和Mn2+的吸附

利用介孔SiO₂微球（MSM）作为基底,对其表面进行氨基修饰,合成了氨基修饰介孔SiO₂微球（MSM/NH₂）,其结构和性能经TEM, XRD和元素分析表征。结果表明：MSM/NH₂ 1.0［3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）用量为1.0 mL］对Hg²⁺、 Ni²⁺和Mn²⁺的5次循环吸附效率的平均值均超过92.0%。     

层状K-Fe-Zn-Ti催化剂的制备及其对二氧化碳加氢制烯烃反应的催化性能

采用高温固相法制备了系列Zn改性的层状K-Fe-Zn-Ti催化剂,用于CO₂加氢经费托合成直接制烯烃反应。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、H₂-TPR、CO₂-TPD、XPS、N₂吸附-脱附和TG等手段对反应前后的催化剂进行了表征,对K-Fe-Zn-Ti催化剂的组成-结构-性能关系进行了关联研究。结果表明,所制备的催化剂均出现K_2.3Fe_2.3Ti_5.7O₁₆物相,为典型的层状金属氧化物（Layered Metal Oxides,LMO）结构;Zn改性后生成了ZnFe₂O₄物相,降低了催化剂样品结晶度,增强了表面碱性,促进了CO₂表面吸附。在CO₂加氢反应中,K-Fe-Zn-Ti系列催化剂均具有较高的烯烃选择性（O/P>6.5）,Zn改性促进了C₅⁺的生成,显著提高了C₄⁺线性α-烯烃（linear α-olefins,LAOs）的选择性,C₄⁺烃中LAOs含量由Zn改性前的54.6%提高至75.2%。在所考察的范围内,随Zn/Fe比的增加,烯/烷比（C_2-4⁼/C_2-4⁰,O/P）先增加后降低,但对重烃含量以及LAOs选择性影响不明显。K-Fe-Zn-Ti催化剂具有较好的稳定性,经100 h在线反应后,仍保持LMO结构。     

二氧化锰在低温NH3-SCR催化反应上的形貌效应

利用水热法制备了三种不同形貌的MnO₂催化剂,分别为α-MnO₂纳米棒,γ-MnO₂纳米片和δ-MnO₂纳米薄膜组装的微球,考察了纳米材料的形貌结构对催化剂低温选择性催化还原(SCR)反应性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及拉曼(Raman)光谱等表征手段对催化剂的结构进行了分析。结果表明,在50-250 ℃的温度范围内,γ-MnO₂纳米片表现出最优的SCR催化性能,不仅NOx转化率最高而且N₂选择性也最好。表征结果表明,比表面积并不是影响MnO₂催化性能的主导因素,纳米材料的晶型结构与表面暴露的活性晶面共同决定着催化剂的SCR性能。γ-MnO₂纳米片表面暴露的(131)晶面上不仅存在着大量的配位不饱和Mn离子,从而形成了较多的强酸性位点;而且还存在着较多的活性氧物种。这些活性位点可以使得NH₃和NO_x的活化过程在较低温度下进行。高浓度的流动性氧以及高价态的Mn₃₊和Mn⁴⁺也使得催化剂的氧化还原反应更易发生。     

Mn/Se,MnO2/Se和Mn/SeO2体系形成的团簇离子的质谱研究

用飞行时间质谱法研究了激光直接溅射Mn/Se混合样品产生的二元团簇、团簇的光解行为及溅射MnO₂/Se和Mn/SeO₂样品产生的团簇正负离子。在Mn-Se二元团簇中,(Muse)_n⁺是正离子的主要组分,[(Muse)nSe]^-是负离子的主要组分。当n<5时,(Muse)_n⁺的紫外光解有多种通道;n≥5时光解以剥落MuSe方式进行。激光直接溅射MnO₂/Se,Mn/SeO₂两种体系产生的正负离子极为相似,符合团簇的气相聚合生长机理。正离子中(Mno)_n⁺是主要组分,负离子中Se_n^-,(Se_nO)^-和(SéO₃)^-是主要组分。     

基于钛锡载体的SCR低温脱硝催化剂的表面性质研究

采用共沉淀法制备TiO₂-SnO₂固溶体,浸渍法负载CeO₂得到一系列xCeO₂/TiO₂-SnO₂负载型催化剂,在模拟NH₃选择性催化还原NO_x(NH₃-SCR)反应条件下考察催化剂低温脱硝活性。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)等表征技术,研究了氧化铈负载后催化剂的微观结构、表面物种的存在状态、表面酸位等表面性质及NH₃吸附特性。结果表明,Ce:Ti物质的量比为0.1时,催化剂催化脱硝反应活性最高,同时具有较宽的温度窗口(250~300℃)和热稳定性;铈的过量负载会导致催化剂比表面积减小、活性窗口变窄,同时其氧化还原能力和NH₃吸附能力也减弱。NH₃-TPD结果显示,CeO₂的负载导致催化剂NH₃在弱酸及中等酸位的吸附显著增强,与催化剂NH₃-SCR最佳反应物温度降低有关。in situ DRIFTS表明,xCeO₂/TiO₂-SnO₂催化剂的Lewis酸位和Brønsted酸位强度均明显增强,同时,在1657~1666cm^-1处出现新的Brønsted酸位,参与SCR反应的主要物质是NH₄⁺分子。     

多反应离子的质子转移反应质谱

在无放射性辉光放电离子源内, 采用不同试剂气体进行放电, 为质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)新增了强度在10⁵ cps量级的3种反应离子NH₄⁺, NO⁺和O₂⁺, 纯度大于95%; 测试了这3种反应离子的离子-分子反应特征. 采用H₃O⁺, NH₄⁺, NO⁺和O₂⁺等4种反应离子对同分异构体丙醛/丙酮进行检测发现, H₃O⁺和NH₄⁺均不能区分的丙醛/丙酮可采用NO⁺或O₂⁺进行区分. 结果表明, 增加反应离子不仅使PTR-MS的可检测有机物范围不再局限于质子亲和势(PA)大于H₂O的有机物, 还提高了PTR-MS区分同分异构体的能力.     

Infrared Spectroscopic Study on Adsorption of Acetonitrile from Solution onto Several Oxide Surfaces at High Pressure

Adsorption of acetonitrile from toluene solution at a liquid-solid interface under pressures of up to 300 MPa was investigated by IR spectroscopy. The CN stretching vibration bands (v_CN) of adsorbed acetonitrile were observed at higher frequencies than those of the same species in the liquid phase. The shift on alumina-pillared montmorillonite (ALPM) was the largest (ca. 8 cm^-1) for the adsorbents studied. The v_CN intensities of adsorbed acetonitrile on ALPM and on alumina (Al₂O₃) considerably increased with increased pressure, indicating an increase acetonitrile adsorption due to compression. It was concluded that the total volume of the system was reduced by adsorption, and that the reduction was brought about not only by the formation of an adsorption bond but also by the change in the solvation of the adsorbate in the adsorbent pore.     

甲烷在石墨化热解碳黑和活性炭上的吸附

为研究影响碳基吸附剂吸附超临界温度气体的主要因素,选择石墨化热解碳黑BP280和Ajax活性炭,分析超临界温度高压甲烷在其上的吸附平衡。应用容积法,在压力0~20.5 MPa、温度253 K~313 K测定甲烷的吸附平衡数据,并由等量吸附线标绘和亨利定律常数确定等量吸附热。引入通用吸附等温方程,再由方程的Langmuir标绘确定最大吸附容量,进而通过方程的线性化计算吸附平衡态中甲烷分子的作用能。结果表明,甲烷在两种吸附剂上的最大吸附容量均随温度而变化,并都小于液态甲烷的密度;甲烷在碳黑和活性炭上的等量吸附热分别为11.9 kJ/mol~12.5 kJ/mol和17.5 kJ/mol~22.5 kJ/mol,体现了两种吸附剂不同的表面能量分布;甲烷分子间作用能随吸附量的变化特点反映了超临界温度甲烷以类似于压缩气体状态聚集的特点和吸附剂结构上的差异。碳基吸附剂的比表面积和微孔容积是影响其储存甲烷容量的重要因素。     

The effect of molecular imprinting on the pore size distribution of polymers

Molecular imprinting techniques are becoming an increasingly important domain of porous polymers generally, to achieve molecule specific recognition through morphology or stereochemistry of cavities. Imprinting is sought to increase both selectivity and sensitivity where the polymer may be present as particulate, membrane or thin film forms. Here, we detail mechanisms involved in the formation, stability and adsorption of binding sites, through the influence of polymerisation conditions and templates on the porosity of highly crosslinked molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Environmental control represents an important area for porous polymers, here we focus on two template fungicides, iprodione and pyrimethanil, for ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based polymers. In general, control of the pre-polymerisation interactions were able to vary the surface areas of polymers from 40–60 m² g⁻¹ to 300–436 m² g⁻¹ while pore sizes fell into distributions (a) close to the micropore region at ∼3.8 nm, (b) in the 10 to 20 nm mesopore region and (c) in the 20 to 50 nm mesopore region. The importance of intermolecular interactions and aggregation in the pre-polymerisation solution to the Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) surface areas and pore size distribution of final polymers has been demonstrated by systematic variation of chemical functionality. These effects confirm recent molecular dynamic simulation studies of MIP formation and cavity stability.     

介孔二氧化硅纳米球对水中Mo(VI)的吸附研究

本研究制备了介孔二氧化硅纳米球(MSN),并用之吸附脱除水中的Mo(VI)。应用扫描电镜、介孔分析仪、红外光谱等对MSN进行了表征。考察了pH、吸附时间、MSN投加量和温度对水中Mo(VI)脱除率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验法确定了Mo(VI)的最佳脱除条件：pH=3,MSN投加量为 8.5g/L,吸附时间为36h。在优化吸附试验条件下MSN对加标水中Mo(VI)的脱除率为93.6% ~ 97.3%。     

零价铁技术在废水处理领域的应用研究进展

零价铁（ZVI）由于其高效性和经济性已经被应用于水处理中。针对ZVI的研究分为两个方面：一方面是研究ZVI改性,包括粒径、内部结构改变、ZVI与其余金属联用;另一方面则是探究ZVI去除水中不同污染物的机理,包括ZVI本身的还原性,FeOOH的吸附共沉淀性,ZVI促Fenton反应。本文首先介绍了近年来ZVI最新研究进展：a. 海绵铁,b. nZVI,c. ZVI双金属法（微电解法）d. ZVI-Fenton法,e.强氧化剂促ZVI法;接着探究了上述方法去除：（1）重金属,（2）砷,（3）硝酸盐,（4）染料,（5）苯酚的反应机理且发现ZVI对于上述几种污染物有着可观的去除效率;最后对未来ZVI处理废水领域的研究提出了建议     

功能化介孔材料在环境领域的应用研究进展

介孔材料是一种具有较大比表面积和高度有序孔道结构的材料,而功能化介孔材料是将介孔材料改性而使其具有不同的功能。这种材料由于具有极好的吸附和催化性能而被广泛应用于环境领域中。本文总结了功能化介孔材料的制备方法,包括引入官能团、掺杂金属和酸改性;探讨分析了几种制备方法下的功能化介孔材料的特点和应用前景;重点介绍了功能化介孔材料在吸附重金属、有机污染物、染料、CO2以及催化领域的研究进展;最后展望了未来功能化介孔材料的应用前景和发展趋势,以期为功能化介孔材料的发展提供参考和指明方向。     

Application of kinetic investigations for interpretation ofn-hexane and benzene adsorption on active carbon

Differencies between the mechanism ofn-hexane and benzene adsorption on active carbon were investigated on the ground of kinetic measurements. As it has been stated, the kinetic measurements show fundamental differencies between the mechanism of adsorption in spite of analogy existing in the state of adsorption equilibrium. Within the range investigated, only the adsorption ofn-hexane follows the model of volume filling of micropores. Existence of those differencies is also confirmed by measurements of effective diffusion coefficient values as well as changes of activation energy of the diffusion—adsorption process.

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Anwendung kinetischer Untersuchungen zur Interpretation des Adsorptionsverhaltens vonn-Hexan und Benzol an Aktivkohle

Zusammenfassung Mittels kinetischer Messungen untersuchte man die Unterschiede im Mechanismus des Adsorptionsverlaufes vonn-Hexan und Benzol an Aktivkohle. Man stellte fest, daß trotz der Analogie im Adsorptionsgleichgewichtszustand die kinetischen Messungen auf prinzipielle Unterschiede im Adsorptionsmechanismus hinweisen. Im untersuchten Bereich verläuft nur die Adsorption vonn-Hexane nach dem Modell der Mikroporenvolumenausfüllung. Die auftretenden Unterschiede wurden auch durch die Berechnungen der Werte der effektiven Diffusionskoeffizienten sowie Änderungen der Aktivierungsenergie des Diffusions-Adsorptionsprozesses bestätigt.

     

甲氧基在Rh(111)表面吸附的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,以原子簇Rh13(9,4)为模拟表面,在6-31G(d,p)与Lanl2dz基组水平上,对甲氧基在Rh(111)表面的四种吸附位置(fcc、hcp、top、bridge)的吸附模型进行了几何优化、能量计算、Mulliken电荷布局分析以及前线轨道的计算。结果表明,当甲氧基通过氧与金属表面相互作用时,在bridge位的吸附能最大,吸附体系最稳定,在top位转移的电子数最多;吸附于Rh(111)面的过程中C—O键被活化,C—O键的振动频率发生红移。     

Adsorption of a H2-Ne binary mixture on NaA zeolite

Co-adsorption of hydrogen and neon on NaA zeolite was studied volumetrically at 40 K, 50 K, and 90 K over the pressure range 3–65 kPa. As the adsorption of hydrogen increases at constant pressure, the adsorption of neon linearly decreases through the entire temperature range. The coefficients of displacement of components from the sorption volume were determined. The adsorption selectivity coefficient of H₂ () in the H₂-Ne-NaA system was calculated over the temperature range 35–100 K. The increase in a by a factor of 5 while the temperature decreases by 30 K makes it possible to remove the microimpurities of H₂ from Ne by a cryoadsorption method.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 840–842, May, 1993.     

Accurate correlation,structural interpretation,and thermochemistry of equilibrium adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in zeolite NaX by means of the GSTA model

Zeolite NaX (commonly known as zeolite 13X) has found wide use in industry for the separation of carbon dioxide from air, methane-containing landfill gas, and flue gases. Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide has become of utmost importance to mitigate severe environmental problems associated to burning of fossil fuels, such as the greenhouse effect and the consequential warming of global climate. Due to its low energy consumption and ease of operation, the zeolite-13X molecular-sieve pressure-swing adsorption process has become the method of choice for the recovery and capture of carbon dioxide from air and flue gas. Accurate correlation of the equilibrium adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in zeolite NaX is required for the reliable modeling and simulation of that process. In this paper, we firstly show that none of the traditional adsorption isotherm models (such as those of Langmuir, Sips, Toth, UNILAN, and Dubinin–Astakhov) is entirely capable of correlating a published set of equilibrium adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in zeolite NaX that were measured over a range of eight decades of pressure. A generalized statistical thermodynamic adsorption (GSTA) model, which we had already derived and successfully applied to the adsorption of water vapor in zeolite 3A, is employed in this work to obtain a very accurate correlation of that set of adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in zeolite NaX, for the pressure range from 0.2 Pa to 6.4 MPa and in the temperature range from −78 to 150 °C. We also provide thermochemical and structural interpretations of the isotherms fit and make predictions for the isosteric heat of adsorption that are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data.