一道高考题的错解·正解·启示

设函数 ｆ(ｘ) =ｘ2 1 -ａｘ ,其中ａ>0 .1 )解不等式ｆ(ｘ) ≤ 1 ;2 )求ａ的取值范围 ,使函数ｆ(ｘ) 在区间 [0 , ∞ )上是单调函数 .这是 2 0 0 0年理科数学高考第 1 9题 ,我参加了本题的阅卷工作 .众多试卷上的错解、妙解给人许多启迪 .对于 1 ) ,有下面典型性错解 :解原不等式 ,即解不等式　ｘ2 1≤ 1 ａｘ (ｉ) 1 ｘ2 ≤ (1 ａｘ) 2 (ｉｉ) ｘ≤ 0 ,(ａ2 - 1 )ｘ 2ａ≤ 0 (1 )或　 ｘ≥ 0(ａ2 - 1 )ｘ 2ａ≥ 0 (2 )(1 )的解为ｘ≤ 2ａ1 -ａ2 (ａ >1 ) ;(2 )的解为 :当ａ≥ 1时 ,ｘ≥ 0 ;当 0 <ａ<1时 ,0≤ｘ≤ 2ａ1 -ａ2 .…     

关于非线性蜕化抛物型方程解的唯一性(英文)

本文证明,在条件a(s)>0(s>0),a(0)=0,b(s)=0(a(s)~λ)(s≥0,0≤λ≤1、2),s~μ=0(a(s))(a>0,μ>0)之下,混合问题 μ_t=(a(u)u_x)_x+b(u)u_x, (x, t)∈R={(x, t)|-11时,解为唯一的,这改善了[1,2]的结果。     

独立同分布和的完全收敛性的一点注记

称函数ψ(t)>0,t>0为亚单调不减的,若(?)C≥1,t_0>0,使对(?)t_0≤t_1≤t_2,均有ψ(t_1)≤Cψ(t_2).称函数ψ(t)>0,t>0为亚单调不增的,若(?)00,使对 (?)t_0≤t_1≤t_2,均有ψ(t_1)≥Cψ(t_2).     

到序列空间的乘子

这篇论文刻画了 (Ap,α,lq) (0

0 ,p ≤ q≤∞ )的特征 ,作为其推论 ,获得了 (Al;lq)、(Hp,lq)、(Gp,lq)和 (Bp,lq) (0

相似文献   

考点9 函数的应用

1.(广东卷,9)在同一平面直角坐标系第1题图中,函数y=f(x)和y=g(x)的图像关于直线y=x对称.现将y=g(x)的图像沿x轴向左平移2个单位,再沿y轴向上平移1个单位,所得的图像是由两条线段组成的折线(如图所示),则函数f(x)的表达式为().(A)f(x)=2x+2,-1≤x≤0x2+2,00(B)b>0且c<0(C)b<0且c=0(D)b≥0且c=03.(…     

到G^q空间的系数乘子的特征

在本文中 ,我们给出了从Hp、Gp、Bp(0

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关于多项式系数的整除性

设n是正整数,k1,k2,…+k1=n的非负整数,正整数[nk1k2…ks]=n！/k1!k2!…k5!称为多项式系数,本文讨论了当n=a0+a1p+a2p^2+…arp^r,其中p为素数且p≤n,0≤ai&;lt;p(0≤i≤r);ki=a0^(i)+a1^(i)p+…+ar^(i)p^r,其中ki≤0,∑^si=1,ki=n,0≤ak^(i)p(0≤i&;lt;s)时多项式系数的整除性问题,得出的结果推广了著名的Lucas定理^[1].     

有循环极大子群的素数幂阶群的作用是边传递的图(II)

假定Γ是一个有限的、单的、无向的且无孤立点的图,G是Aut(Γ)的一个子群.如果G在Γ的边集合上传递,则称Γ是G-边传递图.我们完全分类了当G为一个有循环的极大子群的素数幂阶群时的G-边传递图.结果为:设图Γ含有一个阶为pn(p是素数,n≥2)的自同构群,且G有一个极大子群循环,则Γ是G-边传递的,当且仅当Γ同构于下列图之一1)pmK1,pn-1-m,0≤m≤n-1;2)pmK1,pn-m,0≤m≤n;3)pmKp,pn-m-1,0≤m≤n-2;4)pn-mCpm,pm≥3,m＜n;5)2n-2K1,1;6)pn-1-mCpm,pm≥3,m≤n-1;7)2pn-mCpm,pm≥3,m≤n-1;8)2pn-mK1,pm,0≤m≤n;9)pn-mK1,2pm,0≤m≤n;10)pn-mK2,pm,0＜m≤n;11)C(2pn-m,1,pm);12)pkC(2pm-k,1,pn-m),0＜k＜m,0＜m≤n;13)(t-s,2m)C(2m 1/(t-s,2m),1,2n-1-m),其中0≤m≤n-1,2n-2(s-1)≡0(mod 2m),t≡1(mod 2),s(≠)t(mod 2m),1≤s≤2m,1≤t≤2n-1;14)∪p i=1 Ci p n-1,其中Ci p n-1=Ca1a1 [1 (i-1)pn-2]a 1 2[1 (i--1)p n-2]…a 1 (pn-1-1)[1 (i-1)p n-2]≌Cp n-1,i=1,2,…,p;15)∪2 i=1 Ci 2n-1,其中Ci 2n-1=Ca1a 1 [1 (i-1)(2n-2-1)]a1 2[1 (i-1)(2n-2-1)]…a1 (2n-1-1)[1 (i-1)(2n-2-1)]≌C2n-1,i=1,2.     

三角函数的n倍角公式及应用

命题　设ｎ (ｎ≥ 2 )为自然数 ,则　ｓｉｎｎｘ =∑0≤ｊ≤ ｍ2Ｃ2ｊ 1ｎ ( - 1 ) ｊ　·ｓｉｎ2ｊ 1ｘｃｏｓｎ -2ｊ-1ｘ ( 1 )　ｃｏｓｎｘ =∑0≤ｊ≤ ｍ2Ｃ2 ｊｎ( - 1 ) ｊｓｉｎ2 ｊｘｃｏｓｎ -2 ｊｘ( 2 )　ｔｇｎｘ =∑0≤ｊ≤ ｍ2( - 1 ) ｊＣ2ｊ 1ｎ ｔｇ2ｊ 1ｘ∑0≤ｊ≤ ｍ2Ｃ2 ｊｎ( - 1 ) ｊｔｇ2 ｊｘ ( 3)证　ｃｏｓｎｘ ｉｓｉｎｎｘ =(ｉｃｏｓｘ ｓｉｎｘ) ｎ　 =∑0≤ｋ≤ｍ Ｃｋｎｉｋｓｉｎｋｘｃｏｓｎ -ｋｘ　 =∑0≤ｊ≤ ｍ2Ｃ2ｊｎ( - 1 ) ｊｓｉｎ2ｊｘｃｏｓｎ -2ｊｘ　　 (∑0≤ｊ≤ ｍ2Ｃ2ｊ 1ｎ ( - 1…     

一类二次方程组的一个定理及其运用

定理　在方程组∑ni=1xi=A∑ni=1x2i=B中 ,A、B是实数 ,记Δ=n B-A2 .若 xi∈ R( i=1,2 ,… ,n) ,则Δ≥ 0 ,当且仅当x1 =x2 =… =xn=An时 Δ=0 .证明　 ∑1≤ i相似文献   

Difference Schemes of Fully Nonlinear Parabolic Systems of Second Order

The general difference schemes for the first boundary problem of the fully nonlinear parabolic systems of second order f(x, t, u, u_x, u_{xx}, u_t) = 0 are considered in the rectangular domain Q_T = {0 ≤ x ≤ l, 0 ≤ t ≤ T}, where u(x, t) and f(x, t, u, p, r, q) are two m-dimensional vector functions with m ≥ 1 for (x, t) ∈ Q_T and u, p, r, q ∈ R^m. The existence and the estimates of solutions for the finite difference system are established by the fixed point technique. The absolute and relative stability and convergence of difference schemes are justified by means of a series of a priori estimates. In the present study, the existence of unique smooth solution of the original problem is assumed. The similar results for nonlinear and quasilinear parabolic systems are also obtained.     

The W1,0∞ Estimate for Strong Solutions of Fully Nonlinear Parabolic PDE's

In this paper, we deal with the following fully nonlinear partial differential equation of parabolic type F(x, t, u,Du,D²u) + u_t = 0 in Q_T with the third boundary value conditions. We prove that under some structure conditions on F, the W^{2,1}_p (p > 3N + 1) strong solutions for the problem have the ^{1,0}_∞ a priori estimates.     

Convergence of Iterative Difference Method with Nonuniform Meshes for Quasilinear Parabolic Systems

In this paper, we study the general difference schemes with nonuniform meshes for the following problem: u_t = A(x,t,u,u_x)u_{xx}, + f(x,t,u,u_x), 0 < x < l, 0 < t ≤ T \qquad (1) u(0,t) = u(l ,t) = 0, 0 < t ≤ T \qquad\qquad (2) u(x,0) = φ(x), 0 ≤ x ≤ l \qquad\qquad (3) where u, φ, and f are m-dimensional vector valued functions, u_t = \frac{∂u}{∂t}, u_x = \frac{∂u}{∂x}, u_{xx} = \frac{∂²u}{∂_x²}. In the practical computation, we usually use the method of iteration to calculate the approximate solutions for the nonlinear difference schemes. Here the estimates of the iterative sequence constructed from the iterative difference schemes for the problem (1)-(3) is proved. Moreover, when the coefficient matrix A = A(x, t, u) is independent of u_x, t he convergence of the approximate difference solution for the iterative difference schemes to the unique solution of the problem (1)-(3) is proved without imposing the assumption of heuristic character concerning the existence of the unique smooth solution for the original problem (1)-(3).     

一类具有非线性内部源和边界流的双重退化抛物型方程

This paper deals with blow-up criterion for a doubly degenerate parabolic equation of the form (un)t = (|ux|m-1ux)x up in (0, 1) × (0, T) subject to nonlinear boundary source (|ux|m-1ux)(1,t) = uq(1,t), (|ux|m-1ux)(0,t) = 0, and positive initial data u(x,0) = uo(x), where the parameters m, n, p, q ＞ 0.It is proved that the problem possesses global solutions if and only if p ≤ n and q≤min{n, m(n 1)/ m 1}.     

Lp-Lq Estimates for a Linear Perturbed Klein-Gordon Equation

We consider L^p-L^q estimates for the solution u(t,x) to tbe following perturbed Klein-Gordon equation ∂_{tt}u - Δu + u + V(x)u = 0 \qquad x∈ R^n, n ≥ 3 u(x,0) = 0, ∂_tu(x,0) = f(x) We assume that the potential V(x) and the initial data f(x) are compact, and V(x) is sufficiently small, then the solution u(t,x) of the above problem satisfies ||u(t)||_q ≤ Ct^{-a}||f||_p for t > 1 where a is the piecewise-linear function of 1/p and 1/q.     

带非线性边界条件的非线性抛物型方程组

本文讨论带非线性边界条件的抛物型方程组ｕｔ＝Δｕｍ，ｖｔ＝Δｖｍ，ｘ∈Ω，ｔ＞０，ｕｎ＝ｖｐ，ｖｎ＝ｕｑ，ｘ∈Ω，ｔ＞０，ｕ（ｘ，０）＝ｕ０（ｘ）δ＞０，ｖ（ｘ，０）＝ｖ０（ｘ）δ＞０，ｘ∈Ω（Ｉ）解的整体存在性和在有限时刻爆破问题．其中ｍ，ｐ，ｑ＞０，ΩＩＲＮ是有界光滑区域，δ＞０可以充分小．     

On nonlinear parabolic variational inequalities containing nonlocal terms

We investigate nonlinear parabolic variational inequalities which contain functional dependence on the unknown function. Such parabolic functional differential equations were studied e.g. by L. Simon in [8] (which was motivated by the work of M. Chipot and L. Molinet in [4]), where the following equation was considered: (1) $$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {D_t u(t,x) - \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {D_i \left[ {a_i (t,x,u(t,x),Du(t,x);u)} \right]} } \\ { + a_0 (t,x,u(t,x),Du(t,x);u) = f(t,x)} \\ {(t,x) \in Q_T = (0,T) \times \Omega ,a_i :Q_T \times R^{n + 1} \times L^p (0,T;V) \to R,} \\ \end{array} $$ where V denotes a closed linear subspace of the Sobolev-space W ^1,p (Ω) (2 ≦ p < ∞). In the above mentioned paper existence of weak solutions of the above equation is shown. These results were extended to systems of functional differential equations in [2]. In the following, we extend these existence results to variational inequalities by using the (less known) results of [6]. Finally, we show some examples.     

一个带非线性边界条件的强耦合抛物方程组的整体存在性与爆破

本文处理带非线性边界条件 u n=uα, v n=vβ ,(x ,t) ∈ Ω× (0 ,T)的抛物方程组ut =vpΔu ,vt=uqΔv ,(x ,t) ∈Ω× (0 ,T) ,其中Ω RN 为一个有界区域 ,p ,q>0和α ,β≥ 0为常数 .研究了上述问题正解的整体存在性和爆破 ,建立了整体存在和爆破的新标准 .证明了当max{p+β,q+α}≤ 1时正解 (u ,v)整体存在 ,当min{p+β ,q+α}>1且max{α ,β}<1时正解 (u ,v)在有限时刻爆破     

一类奇异拟线性椭圆方程正解的多重性

研究奇异拟线性椭圆型方程{-div(|x|~(-ap)|▽u|~(p-2)▽u) + f(x)|u|~(p-2) = g(x)\u|~(q-2)u + λh(x)|u|~(r-2),x R~N,u(x) 0,x∈ R~N,其中λ0是参数,1pN(N3),1rpgp*=0a(N—p)/p,p*=Np/{N~pd),aa+l,d=a+l-60,权函数f(x),g(x),h(x)满足一定的条件.利用山路引理和Ekeland变分原理证明了问题至少有两个非平凡的弱解.     

Rate of convergence of the method of lines for the nonlinear parabolic integrodifferential equation describing a photon recycling diode

We consider the Dirichlet problem and the mixed boundary-value problem for a nonlinear integro-differential equation of a parabolic type, which provides a mathematical model of the various modes in a photon-recycling semiconductor diode. The existence of the mixed derivative ²u/tx is proved for the solution of these problems. Method-of-lines schemes are constructed. An O(h) rate of convergence bound is established for the equation with nonlinear integral and differential components and an O(h²) bound for the equation with a nonlinear integral part.Kiev University. Translated from Vychislitel'naya i Prikladnaya Matematika, No. 74, pp. 21–31, 1992;