系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖的制备与鉴定

用酸降解法制备了系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖(聚合度2～8),并分析测定了寡糖的结构. 褐藻胶经部分酸水解,于pH=2.85处分级获得聚甘露糖醛酸. 继续用酸降解法降解聚甘露糖醛酸,经凝胶柱层析分离纯化,获得系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖. 用荧光标记糖电泳(FACE)对寡糖进行了分析,并用电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)、 核磁共振波谱(NMR)及红外光谱(FTIR)进行了结构表征. 本研究用酸降解法制备饱和甘露糖醛酸寡糖,用凝胶柱层析法分离获得系列聚合度的寡糖,为褐藻胶大分子构效关系研究和药物的筛选与发现提供了重要的基础资料.     

几种糖醛酸及其寡糖的薄层层析分析

以葡萄糖醛酸（GlcA）、半乳糖醛酸（GalA）、甘露糖醛酸（ManA）、古罗糖醛酸（GulA）、半乳糖醛酸寡糖（Oligo-GalA）、甘露糖醛酸寡糖（Oligo-ManA）、古罗糖醛酸寡糖（Oligo-GulA）和酶解褐藻胶寡糖（Oligo-u-Alg）为研究对象,探讨其薄层色谱（TLC）行为。结果表明,TLC对不同糖醛酸寡糖有良好的分离和分析效果,其中Oligo-GalA与褐藻胶来源的寡糖兄值不同,而同样来源于褐藻胶的Oligo-ManA与Oligo-GulAR,值相同;首次发现酸解与酶解褐藻胶寡糖聚合度相同时兄值不同。此外,4种糖醛酸对不同的显色剂的显色灵敏度也略有不同,其中硫酸铈显色剂的显色效果最灵敏。这些结果为快速有效分析酸性寡糖的纯度及其聚合度,提供了简便有效的方法。     

固相酸解法制备古糖酯寡糖及其电喷雾质谱分析

以褐藻酸中分离的聚古罗糖醛酸(PG)为原料, 以三氧化硫-吡啶为硫酸酯化试剂, 采用正交实验法确定了制备高硫酸酯基取代古糖酯(PGS)的最佳工艺条件, 并采用2D-NMR分析对其结构进行了确证. 本文建立了一种新的环境友好型固相酸解方法以制备PGS的寡糖(即采用732#阳离子交换树脂这种固态酸对PGS进行降解). 结果表明, 当732#阳离子交换树脂用量为200 mg/mL、PGS的质量分数为2%时, 在100 ℃下降解6 h可得到重均分子质量(Mw)小于3000的PGS寡糖, 经Bio-Gel P6凝胶层析柱分离可以得到13个聚合度单一的寡糖组分F1~F13. 电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)分析结果表明, F1~F13分别是聚合度为1~13的PGS寡糖.     

荧光辅助糖电泳用于果胶水解产物中寡糖的分析研究

荧光辅助糖电泳(FACE)是首先用荧光衍生化试剂对糖类分子的还原端进行衍生化标记, 然后在一定浓度的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行分离的分析方法, 可同时分析中性糖与酸性糖. 将该方法用于果胶寡糖的分离分析, 对影响FACE的诸多因素如荧光试剂的种类、用量, 荧光衍生化时间、温度, 分离胶浓度及盐、酸等进行了考察, 对果胶寡糖的FACE条件进行了优化, 结果显示: 每1.2 mg无酸且不含盐的果胶寡糖中, 加入0.2 mol/L的ANTS溶液3.75 μL, 1.0 mol/L的NaBH3CN溶液5 μL, 40 ℃衍生化反应16 h后, 在浓度为38%的分离胶上电泳分离, 取得良好的分离效果. 在该实验条件下, 果胶多糖酸水解后得到聚合度为2～16的果胶寡糖混合物, 与质谱分析结果基本一致. 该方法快速、简捷、灵敏、分辨率高, 费用低, 为果胶多糖可控性降解的监测和果胶寡糖的分离分析提供了技术手段.     

系列ι-卡拉胶寡糖制备及其电喷雾串联质谱序列分析

以ι-卡拉胶为原料,在稀酸条件下进行酸水解得到其寡糖混合物,采用低压凝胶渗透色谱(LPGPC)进行分离纯化,获得了10个寡糖单体.在利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和高效薄层层析(HPTLC)对其纯度进行分析的基础上,通过红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)和电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)对其结构进行表征,并用电喷雾碰撞诱导串联质谱(ESI-CID-MS/MS)对其序列进行分析.结果表明,它们分别是还原端为2-硫酸-3,6-内醚半乳糖(A2S)和非还原端为4-硫酸-半乳糖(G4S)的ι-卡拉胶二至二十糖.这些酸法水解制备的寡糖结构新颖,不同于ι-卡拉胶酶法制备的新ι-卡拉胶寡糖.这不仅丰富了海洋寡糖库数据,也为进一步运用糖生物芯片技术探索其与蛋白之间的相互作用提供了物质基础.     

酶解-离子色谱法测定烟草中的果胶

建立了一种测定烟草中果胶含量的酶解-离子色谱法,并对酶解条件进行了优化.即样品经快速溶剂萃取仪用80%乙醇除糖后,在47℃、pH4条件下用果胶酶酶解2 h,用离子色谱测定酶解液中的半乳糖醛酸含量.该法的线性相关系数为0.999 3,回收率98.3%～100.8%,RSD为3.43%.     

当归多糖的水解特征及其水解产物分析

对当归多糖ASP3的水解特征及其水解产物的组成和红外光谱特征进行了研究。分别采用0.05、0.2和0.5mol/L三氟乙酸(trifluoroacetic acid,TFA)和内切-α-(1→4)-聚半乳糖醛酸酶对ASP3进行部分酸水解和酶水解,并研究其水解特征;结合GC、FT-IR等方法对其水解产物的组成和红外光谱特征进行分析。实验结果表明,ASP3是一种果胶多糖,主要由光滑区(半乳糖醛酸聚糖)和毛发区(富含中性糖侧链的鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖)两部分组成:GalA和Rha位于多糖分子的主链,由于Rha含量较低,大部分GalA相连形成半乳糖醛酸聚糖光滑区;Gal、Ara、Man及Glc位于多糖分子的支链,其中Gal以较高的聚合度(半乳聚糖)与主链相连,Ara以还原性末端或低聚寡糖的形式与主链相连或与半乳聚糖末端相连形成阿拉伯半乳聚糖。     

基于电喷雾串联质谱的蓝藻寡糖脱果糖分析及系列α-1,2-葡聚寡糖的制备

为获得系列α-1,2-葡聚寡糖,首先以蓝藻寡糖六糖、八糖、九糖和十糖为原料,在0.5 mol/L的三氟乙酸(TFA)中于95℃酸解9 min以脱去还原端果糖,经低压凝胶色谱分离纯化,用电喷雾离子化-碰撞诱导解离-串联质谱(ESI-CID-MS/MS)和基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI-MS)鉴定和序列表征,获得了除去末端果糖的α-1,2-五、七、八和九糖;然后在0.5 mol/L的TFA中于95℃对混合蓝藻寡糖六糖和八糖酸水解45 min,用Bio-Gel P2凝胶柱对混合物进行分离和纯化,并通过ESI-MS和MALDI-MS对获得的每个寡糖组份进行表征,获得了聚合度为2,3,4和6的α-1,2-葡聚寡糖.本研究为利用糖生物芯片技术进行α-1,2-葡聚寡糖的功能筛选及分析其与靶标蛋白之间相互作用的特异性提供了葡聚寡糖物质基础.     

单糖衍生物的电喷雾质谱裂解规律研究

以1-(2-萘基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(NMP)作单糖标识剂, 经在线串联的LC-ESI-MS建立了单糖衍生物的电喷雾质谱裂解方法.衍生物在质谱裂解中糖类化合物特有的规范信息.借助糖类化合物在ESI-MS条件下表现出的分子离子峰m/z [M H] , 及在ESI-MS/MS条件下呈现出的特征碎片离子峰m/z 473, 可有效地确定出单糖类化合物的组成. 尽管一些脂肪醛和芳香醛也能同时被标识, 然而在质谱条件下不产生m/z 473的特征碎片离子峰, 且它们的洗脱远在糖类组分之后, 因此不干扰糖类化合物的分离和结构确定.通过建立的LC-ESI-MS方法, 对水解蜂花粉中的单糖进行了分析.结果表明: 水解的蜂花粉中含甘露糖(Man)、半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcUA)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖 (Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、木糖(Xyl)和岩藻糖(Fuc).本方法为环境样品中单糖类化合物的确定提供了准确、可靠的技术手段.     

壳寡糖的酶法制备

通过还原端基、酶解产物聚合度、水解液调碱性后透光率的测定以及酶解产物的TLC、HPLC分析,研究了壳聚糖酶降解壳聚糖过程中壳聚糖浓度、酶用量、反应时间和pH对酶促反应速率和产物聚合度的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖酶在底物浓度0.03 g/mL、壳聚糖酶用量4~6 u/g、pH=5.8和水解200 min时,可得到以聚合度3~7为主的壳寡糖。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.