去甲肾上腺素在3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑修饰金电极上的电化学行为及研究

本文通过自组装的方法制备了3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑(TA)修饰金电极。X射线光电子能谱表明,3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑是通过形成S-Au键而组装到Au电极表面。研究了去甲肾上腺素在该自组装膜电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明:在pH 4.5的0.1 mol/L BR缓冲溶液中,膜电极对去甲肾上腺素的电化学氧化具有明显的催化作用,其氧化峰电流与去甲肾上腺素的浓度在2.0×10-6~1.9×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系。方法检出限为4.0×10-7mol/L。     

去甲肾上腺素和抗坏血酸在导电聚合物膜修饰电极上的同时测定

采用循环伏安法研究去甲肾上腺素(NE)和抗坏血酸(AA)在4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)导电聚合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为;以差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)对二者进行测定,发现PAR修饰电极对NE和AA有很强电催化作用,明显增强了电极反应的可逆性及峰电流。在pH 6.0磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,NE氧化峰电流与其浓度在6.25×10-7~6.25×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,AA氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6~3.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为5.0×10-8mol/L和5.0×10-7mol/L。该PAR膜修饰电极可对NE和AA进行单独或同时的测定,并用于实际样品重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素针剂和维生素C针剂的检测。     

肾上腺素在聚L-半胱氨酸修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为

利用循环伏安法制备了聚L-半胱氨酸修饰电极,研究了肾上腺素在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH 7.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,肾上腺素氧化峰电流与其浓度在6.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(信噪比=3)为8.6×10-8mol/L。实验结果表明该电极具有良好的重现性、稳定性,已用于注射液中肾上腺素的检测。     

聚叶酸修饰电极的制备及其对肾上腺素的电催化氧化研究

采用电化学聚合的方法,将叶酸(FA)聚合在碳糊电极(CPE)表面,制备了聚叶酸修饰碳糊电极(PFA/CPE),并研究了肾上腺素(EP)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果显示:在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,该聚合膜对EP的氧化有显著的催化作用,EP在修饰电极上产生2个氧化峰和一个还原峰,峰电位分别为0.193V、0.4184V和-0.252V。在测定实验条件下,EP在PFA/CPE上的氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.50×10-7～1.78×10-4mol/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限可达1×10-7mol/L。将该电极应用于EP实际样品的测定,效果良好。     

银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极的制备及对肾上腺素的测定

利用循环伏安法,研究了银和L-天冬氨酸在玻碳电极表面电化学聚合的条件,制备了银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极。研究了肾上腺素在修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定肾上腺素的新方法。在pH=3.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为50mV/s时,肾上腺素在修饰电极上产生一对明显的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=0.447V,Epc=0.387V。用循环伏安法测定时,氧化峰电流与肾上腺素浓度分别在8.00×10-8～1.00×10-5mol/L和1.00×10-5～1.00×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.0×10-9mol/L。     

茜素红修饰电极对肾上腺素的测定

采用电化学聚合法制备了茜素红修饰玻碳电极,该修饰电极对肾上腺素(EP)有明显的电催化特性。在pH7.6的磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中,抗坏血酸(AA)和EP在修饰电极上的电位分别为-0.124V和0.192V。电位差达到300mV,且在高浓度AA的存在下可以实现对EP的测定。EP在该电极上检测的线性范围是5.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L,检测下限为3.6×10-8mol/L。该法可用于针剂EP样品测定。     

聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

利用循环伏安法制备了聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极, 研究了对乙酰氨基酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 该电极对对乙酰氨基酚有较强的电催化作用. 在pH 9.0的PBS缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了对乙酰氨基酚, 其线性范围分别为4.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L和2.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为9.0×10-7 mol/L和8.0×10-8 mol/L.     

聚缬氨酸修饰电极在抗坏血酸共存下选择性测定去甲肾上腺素

利用循环伏安法制备了聚缬氨酸修饰电极,在缬氨酸浓度为0.01 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=9.0)中,起止电位范围为1.0～2.4 V,以40 mV/s扫描速率循环扫描9周进行聚合. 聚缬氨酸膜对去甲肾上腺素(NE)的电化学氧化具有明显的催化作用. 研究了NE在聚缬氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定NE的电化学分析新方法. pH值在2.2～8.0范围内,研究了磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH值对NE电化学行为的影响. 结果表明,氧化还原峰电位随pH值升高发生负移;在pH=4.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,NE在修饰电极上呈现1对灵敏的氧化还原峰,利用循环伏安法测定NE还原峰电流可排除抗坏血酸(AA)干扰. NE在聚缬氨酸修饰电极上的还原峰电流与其浓度在4.6×10-7～1.1×10-5 mol/L和1.1×10-5～1.2×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系;相关系数分别为0.995 7和0.991 8;检出限(S/N=3)为8.0×10-8 mol/L;其回归方程为ipc(A)=6.80×10-7+1.05c,ipc(A)=1.23×10-5+0.16c. 修饰电极具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,可用于去甲肾上腺素针剂样品分析.     

碳纳米管/聚吡咯修饰电极用于液相色谱测定帕金森大鼠脑中神经递质

制备了碳纳米管/聚吡咯复合修饰电极,研究了多巴胺等单胺类神经递质在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.将此修饰电极作为电化学检测器,与高效液相色谱联用,测定了脑中7种神经递质及其代谢产物.结果表明:去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺的线性范围为5.0×10(-10)～1.0×10(-5)mol/L;3,4-二羟基苯乙酸,...     

聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极测定尿酸

利用循环伏安法制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极, 研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 结果表明, 该电极对尿酸有较强的电催化作用, 并对抗坏血酸有较强的抗干扰能力. 在pH 5.6的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了尿酸, 其线性范围分别为1.0×10-5～2.0×10-4 mol/L和4.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为6.0×10-6 mol/L和1.0×10-7 mol/L. 已用于尿液中尿酸的测定.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.