Effect of Ce<Superscript>3+</Superscript> on spectral characteristic of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex from spinach

It was studied by spectroscopy that PSII reaction center complex consisting of three polypeptides, D₁, D₂ and Cytb559, were purified from PSII particle of CeCl₃ treated spinach. The results of the experiment show that Ce³⁺ could improve the growth of spinach, and accelerate electron transport of PSII particles. Of chl-a of UV-Vis spectrum of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex, Soret band was blue-shifted by 3 nm and Q band by 2 nm, respectively, and the fluorescence emission peak was blue-shifted by 5 nm in CeCl₃-treated spinach compared with the one in control. By the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy methods, it has been found that Ce³⁺ is coordinated with 8 nitrogen atoms in the first coordination shell with Ce-N bond length of 0.253 nm, and Ce³⁺ with 6 oxygen atoms in the second coordination shell with Ce-O bond length of 0.32 nm. However, the secondary structure of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy has no significant change after CeCl₃ treated. It might be that Ce³⁺ binds to porphyrin rings of chlorophyll and oxygen of amino acid residue of polypeptide in D1/D2/Cytb559 complex, and then accelerates the primary reaction of PSII, intensifies function of P680⁺ primary electron donor of D1/D2/Cytb559, but there is little change in conformation of PSII reaction center complex.     

酸雨胁迫及稀土农用条件下菠菜及其土壤中稀土元素的赋存

利用盆栽实验研究了酸雨胁迫、稀土农用条件下 ,菠菜及其土壤中稀土元素的含量及分布特征。结果表明 :菠菜地上部分的REE含量为 0 .5 2 7～ 0 .696μg·g- 1 之间 ,地下部 2 .668～ 3 .0 0 3 μg·g- 1 。土壤 2 2 9.0 9～ 2 5 0 .3 μg·g- 1 。酸雨明显地影响作物对REE的吸收和利用 ,酸度越大 ,影响越明显。随着酸雨酸度的增大、植株体内、土壤中的REE受淋洗的作用加强而表现出REE的总量随着pH的减小而逐渐减少。施用稀土后 ,植株的地上或地下部分及其土壤中的REE含量均与对照的土壤中的REE分配模式基本相同 ,遵循稀土元素分布丰度的奇偶 (Oddo Harkins)规则、轻稀土富集 ,Eu弱负异常 ,富铈配分型 ,表明稀土元素仍然主要来自土壤并受其影响。     

Effect of Ce~(3+) on spectral characteristic of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex from spinach

In our early researches, lanthanum and cerium could enter plant and bind to porphyrin of chlorophyll to form Ln3+-chllorophyll. La and Ce greatly increase photosystem II (PSII) activity and PSII electron transport rate, and the fluorescence emission peaks of PSII are blue-shifted [1—4]. Do REEs coordinate with PSII reaction center complex in vivo? Moreover, do REEs coordinate with D1(30 kD)/D2(32 kD)/Cytb559 (~9 kD) reaction center complex of site of producing pri-mary reaction-p…     

Photosynthesis-Inhibiting Activity of N-(Disubstituted-phenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamides

A set of twenty-four 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, disubstituted on the anilide ring by combinations of methoxy/methyl/fluoro/chloro/bromo and ditrifluoromethyl groups at different positions, was prepared. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. N-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-, N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-, N-(2,5-difluorophenyl)- and N-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamides showed the highest PET-inhibiting activity (IC₅₀ ~ 10 µM) within the series. These compounds were able to inhibit PET in photosystem II. It has been found that PET-inhibiting activity strongly depends on the position of the individual substituents on the anilide ring and on the lipophilicity of the compounds. The electron-withdrawing properties of the substituents contribute towards the PET activity of these compounds.     

菠菜叶绿素的浸提和协同萃取反应

有机溶剂;菠菜叶绿素的浸提和协同萃取反应     

毛细管电泳法高压快速分离分析菠菜中的水溶性维生素

在毛细管电泳法中,通过双模对接高压电源可以获得0～40 kV甚至40 kV以上的超高电压。本研究在40 kV的超高电压下,以纯电解质水溶液为缓冲液,实现了蔬菜中通常含有的8种水溶性维生素(VB1、VB2、VB6、VC、D-泛酸钙、D-生物素、烟酸和叶酸)的快速分离及菠菜样品的定量分析。通过考察电压、缓冲溶液浓度、pH值等因素对分离的影响,确定了优化的实验条件。结果表明,在40 kV高压下,采用25 mmol/L硼砂-硼酸溶液缓冲液(pH 8.8),菠菜中上述8种水溶性维生素在2.2 min内获得了较好的基线分离。用此方法对菠菜中的水溶性维生素进行定量分析,得到了令人满意的结果。水溶性维生素的线性相关系数范围为0.9981～0.9999,检出限为0.2～0.3 mg/L,在菠菜中的平均加标回收率为88.0%～100.6%,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.15%～4.13%。     

微型固相萃取柱结合胃袋式大体积进样-气相色谱-质谱法同时快速测定菠菜中的13种有机磷农药残留

利用微型固相萃取柱对样品进行前处理,采用胃袋式大体积进样技术结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS),建立了菠菜中13种有机磷农药残留的同时快速分析方法。以保留时间和特征离子丰度比定性,以峰面积外标法定量,以3倍信噪比实验值确定方法的检出限(LODs),以10倍信噪比实验值确定方法的定量限(LOQs)。结果表明,除乐果外,其余12种有机磷农药的添加回收率为76.8%～114.0%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～17.6%,LODs为0.5～25 μg/kg。该方法前处理简单快速,分析成本低,分析时间短,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于食品中多种有机磷农药残留的快速灵敏检测。     

高光谱成像技术鉴别菠菜叶片农药残留种类

利用高光谱成像技术无损鉴别菠菜叶片农药残留种类。采用高光谱成像仪采集900~1 700 nm波段内的光谱数据,采用多元散射校正对光谱数据进行预处理。利用主成分分析对不同种类菠菜样品的光谱数据进行分析,结果表明主成分分析能在可视化层面对不同种类的农药残留菠菜样品进行有效判别。另外,将卡方检验特征选择算法分别与支持向量机、朴素贝叶斯、决策树和线性判别分析算法结合,并采用10-fold交叉验证评价方法,筛选出最佳波段和最优判别模型（线性判别模型）。筛选出的8个特征波长为1 439.3,1 442.5,1 445.8,1 449,1 452.3,1 455.5,1 458.7,1 462 nm,模型的预测准确率达到0.993且10次交叉验证的标准差为0.009。结果表明,基于高光谱成像技术能准确地识别菠菜叶片上的农药残留种类。     

检验菠菜中的铁元素

人教版普通高中教科书《化学第一册(必修)》(2019年第1版)中第71页新增研究与实践活动--检验食品中的铁元素,教材给出了可供参考的实验方案,在菠菜汁中加入稀硝酸和硫氰化钾溶液进行检验,由于硝酸和硫氰化钾作用也可能产生红色,通过进行空白实验证明该方法存在干扰。设计了2种代表性实验方案:焯水检验法和灼烧检验法,通过实验得出:用灼烧的方法排除菠菜中草酸、叶绿素等有机物的影响,然后再加酸溶解,即可检验出铁元素,若再加氧化剂现象将更明显,选择0.2 mol/L稀硫酸+5% H₂O₂+3 mol/L KSCN进行实验效果更明显。     

土壤中的砷在菠菜中的富集规律研究

通过盆栽试验研究了不同污染条件下菠菜对As的吸收富集规律。结果表明,菠菜叶片中As含量与土壤污染指数之间呈指数相关,相关性达到了极显著水平；而菠菜根中As含量与土壤As含量之间为线性相关。从结果中还可见,在盆栽条件下,土壤中As含量达到60mg·kg~(-1)时,菠菜中As含量才有可能超过食品卫生限量标准。这个土壤含量值比现行的国家标准高了2倍。由于蔬菜中的As限量卫生标准是根据每人每日允许摄入量(ADI)来确定的,而土壤中的限量标准则是根据土壤背景值调查资料统计得到的,因此在评价土壤环境以及蔬菜的安全质量时,会出现污染的土壤上生产出合格蔬菜的尴尬情况,说明两者之间的联系还需进一步研究。