HL-2A装置中性束发射光谱 诊断系统的研制与测试

在HL-2A装置上完成了一套32通道束发射诊断系统(BES)，可对径向r=12~44cm, 极向-7.5~+7.5cm二维空间范围内的长波长()电子密度扰动信息进行测量，其时间分辨率达到0.5ms，空间分辨率1~2cm。系统由内置于真空室的非对称镜头组、传输光纤、高性能探测器模块以及辅助的冷却和真空设备构成。系统的噪声在低频时(f<100kHz)主要由散粒噪声贡献，在较高频率时由散粒噪声和e噪声共同决定。在典型的HL-2A装置放电模式中，对于200kHz以下的扰动，该系统的信噪比(SNR)均大于3。     

耦合腔行波管慢波结构的数值模拟

利用三维电磁场程序MWS及周期性高频结构的场对称计算模型，对X波段休斯耦合腔慢波结构和Kα波段毫米波梯形耦合腔慢波结构进行了场结构的数值模拟，给出了满足整管设计要求的慢波结构，色散特性和耦合阻抗。     

Radial transport dynamics studies of SMBI with a newly developed TPSMBI code

In tokamak plasma fueling, supersonic molecule beam injection(SMBI) with a higher fueling efficiency and a deeper penetration depth than the traditional gas puffing method has been developed and widely applied to many tokamak devices.It is crucial to study the transport dynamics of SMBI to improve its fueling efficiency, especially in the high confinement regime. A new one-dimensional(1D) code of TPSMBI has also been developed recently based on a six-field SMBI model in cylindrical coordinate. It couples plasma density and heat radial transport equations together with neutral density transport equations for both molecules and atoms and momentum radial transport equations for molecules. The dominant particle collisional interactions between plasmas and neutrals, such as molecule dissociation, atom ionization and charge-exchange effects, are included in the model. The code is verified to be correct with analytical solutions and also benchmarked well with the trans-neut module of BOUT++ code. Time-dependent radial transport dynamics and mean profile evolution are studied during SMBI with the TPSMBI code in both slab and cylindrical coordinates. Along the SMBI path, plasma density increases due to particle fuelling, while plasma temperature decreases due to heat cooling. Being different from slab coordinate, the curvature effect leads to larger front densities of molecule and atom during SMBI in cylindrical coordinate simulation.     

Simulations of fast component and slow component of SMBI on HL-2A tokamak

It is very important to improve the penetration depth and fueling efficiency of supersonic molecular beam injection(SMBI) especially for the next generation fusion devices such as ITER. Two components, a fast component(FC) and a slow component(SC), have been observed in the HL-2A SMBI experiments for several years, and the FC can penetrate much more deeply than the common SMBIs which draws a great deal of attention for a better fueling method. It is the first time to the FC and SC of SMBI have been simulated and interpreted in theory and simulation in this paper with the trans-neut module of the BOUT++ code. The simulation results of the FC and SC are clear and distinguishable in the same way as the observation in experiment. For the major mechanism of the FC and SC, it is found that although the difference in the injection velocity has some effect on the penetration depth difference between the FC and SC, it is mainly caused by the self-blocking effect of the first ionized SMB. We also discuss the influence of the initial plasma density on the FC and SC,and the variation of the SC penetration depth with its injection velocity.     

粘滞性产生的极化电流对微岛的作用

导出了微岛(w/p_i→0)的垂直粘滞性,运用该粘滞性获得了微岛的静电势函数和岛宽随时间演化的动力学方程。理论分析表明,该粘滞性引起的极化电流对微岛起不稳定作用。进一步的数值分析显示当离子温度较小或离子温度突然下降时,极化电流使微岛快速增长,与实验观测到的结果定性一致。     

均匀磁化等离子体与雷达波相互作用的数值分析

采用平板几何对不同磁场强度下等离子体对电磁波的吸收、反射和透射特性进行了数值分析.结果表明,不同磁场可以显著改变等离子体对不同频率的雷达波的吸收和反射特性.当雷达波频率接近等离子体高混杂频率时,磁化等离子体将对该波产生强的共振吸收,带宽在2GHz左右,吸收比可达90%以上.因此,通过适当调整磁场强度、等离子体密度和碰撞频率,可实现较宽雷达波段的等离子体隐身 关键词： 电磁波 磁化等离子体 共振吸收 等离子体隐身     

Role of on-board discharge in shock wave drag reduction and plasma cloaking

In the present paper, a physical model is proposed for reducing the problem of the drag reduction of an attached bow shock around the nose of a high-speed vehicle with on-board discharge, to the problem of a balance between the magnetic pressure and gas pressure of plane shock of a partially ionized gas consisting of the environmental gas around the nose of the vehicle and the on-board discharge-produced plasma. The relation between the shock strength and the discharge-induced magnetic pressure is studied by means of a set of one-fluid, hydromagnetic equations reformed for the present purpose, where the discharge-induced magnetic field consists of the electron current （produced by the discharge）-induced magnetic field and the partially ionized gas flow-induced one. A formula for the relation between the above parameters is derived. It shows that the discharge-induced magnetic pressure can minimize the shock strength, successfully explaining the two recent experimental observations on attached bow shock mitigation and elimination in a supersonic flow during on-board discharge [Phys. Plasmas 9 （2002） 721 and Phys. Plasmas 7 （2000） 1345]. In addition, the formula implies that the shock elimination leaves room for a layer of higher-density plasma rampart moving around the nose of the vehicle, being favourable to the plasma radar cloaking of the vehicle. The reason for it is expounded.     

HL-2A装置高βN双输运垒实验的集成分析

HL-2A托卡马克装置在中性束加热条件下获得了稳定的归一化环向比压(β_N)大于2.5的等离子体,并且实现了瞬态β_N=3.05、归一化密度(n_e,1/n_e,G)～0.6、储能(W_E)～46 kJ和高约束因子(H₉₈)～1.65的高约束性能.本文使用集成模拟平台OMFIT对βN=2.83和βN=3.05时刻的等离子体进行了集成模拟,计算得到的W_E,n_e,1/n_e,G,H₉₈和β_N等与实验参数基本一致,并通过计算发现两种情况下自举电流份额(f_BS)分别约达到45%和46%.此外,还进一步分析了HL-2A装置形成离子温度内部输运垒(ITB)的原因:快离子和E×B剪切流使得芯部湍流输运被抑制,改善了约束,从而形成了离子温度ITB.离子温度的ITB与H模边缘输运垒相互协同形成了高β_N的等离子体.     

磁化碰撞等离子体对雷达波的共振吸收

使用平板几何对雷达工作频段的电磁波在磁化碰撞等离子体中的传播作了数值计算,计算结果表明,在均匀等离子体中,当等离子体碰撞频率f∞=0.1,0.5,1GHz及电磁波频率接近高混杂频率时,电磁波衰减和被吸收功率出现最大峰值,即出现共振吸收;当fen=1,10GHz时,电磁波衰减、被吸收功率和透射功率曲线变得很平坦;衰减和吸收功率随等离子体密度的增大而增大,在n=10^11cm^-3时,衰减可达100dB,吸收比可达80％。在非均匀等离子体中,电磁波的反射功率峰值比在均匀等离子体中大。因此,磁化均匀等郭了体更有利于等离子体隐身。     

电磁波与非磁化等离子体的相互作用

研究了频率为0．5-10HGz的电磁波在非磁化等离子体中的传播。在厚度为10cm的、密度n=10^10或10^11cm^-3的均匀和密度分布n=n0exp[2(z/d-1)]非均匀的等离子体中，计算了等离子体中的电子与中性气体的碰撞频率为0．1-10GHz间的电磁波的反射功率，吸收功率 透射功率的变化。结果表明当等离子体密度比较大（n=10^11cm^-3)、电子与中性气体的碰撞频率比较大时，无论是均匀还是非均匀等离子体对电磁波能量的吸收都比较大，最大可达90％。