Improved method for studying the propagation dynamics of ultrafast electron pulses based on mean-field models

We have studied the propagation dynamics of ultrafast electron pulses by using an improved mean-field model, in which the propagation of the electron pulses across the boundary of the acceleration region is explicitly considered. A large decrease in the speed spread of the electron pulses(we called "boundary kick") is observed and properly treated leading to a significant improvement in the simulation accuracy, particularly when the density of electrons is very large. We show that our method is consistent with the simulation by the N-particle method, while others can introduce factorial error.     

高反射效率高定向性的热解石墨晶体X射线谱仪

基于高定向热解石墨晶体(highly oriented pyrolitic graphite,HOPG)研制了一种新型反射式X射线谱仪.该谱仪具有高反射效率、较高能谱分辨率及相对较宽的能谱测量范围.根据计算,在相同的入射条件下,该谱仪的效率比一般X射线弯晶谱仪高3个量级;谱仪能谱分辨率理论值最高达350;理论探测范围是6.891keV至9.193 keV.我们将该谱仪应用在高功率密度激光与固体靶相互作用的实验中,发现在普通弯晶谱仪无法采到信号的实验条件下,HOPG谱仪依然采集到清晰的Cu K谱线.分析发现在8.048 keV(Cu的Kα光子能量)附近的能谱分辨能力最高达到40 eV,分辨率大于200.     

Bow shocks formed by a high-speed laser-driven plasma cloud interacting with a cylinder obstacle

A bow shock is formed in the interaction of a high-speed laser-driven plasma cloud with a cylinder obstacle. Its temporal and spatial structures are observed by shadowgraphy and interferometry. The width of the shock transition region is ～ 50 μm, comparable to the ion–ion collision mean free path, which indicates that collision is dominated in the shock probably. The Mach-number of the ablating plasma cloud is ～ 15 at first, and decreases with time resulting in a changing shock structure. A two-dimension hydrodynamics code, USim, is used to simulate the interaction process. The simulated shocks can well reproduce the observed.     

飞秒超强激光驱动太赫兹辐射特性的实验研究

强太赫兹源是太赫兹科学技术发展的关键,其中大能量强场太赫兹脉冲源在超快物态调控、新型电子加速器等领域具有重要的应用前景.超快超强激光与等离子体相互作用是近年来发展起来的一种新型的强场太赫兹辐射产生途径.本文报道了利用超强飞秒激光脉冲与金属薄膜靶作用产生太赫兹辐射的实验结果,研究了激光能量和离焦量对靶后太赫兹辐射能量的影响,并通过监测激光背向散射光谱,定性揭示了其变化规律与不同光强下的电子加热机制的相关性.实验表征了太赫兹辐射的频谱、偏振及聚焦光斑情况.测量结果表明,实验产生了脉冲能量达458μJ、聚焦场强高达GV/m量级的超宽带太赫兹辐射,为开展极端太赫兹脉冲与物质相互作用研究提供了一种新的强场太赫兹光源.     

超强圆偏振激光直接加速产生超高能量电子束

研究表明, 峰值强度为10²²–10²⁵ W/cm²量级的圆偏振激光脉冲的有质动力场可以直接加速并产生GeV–TeV的单能电子束, 其中被加速电子的能量与激光脉冲的峰值强度成线性定标关系. 为了获得更高能量的电子束, 通过对一维解析模型的分析得到: 如果电子束在激光传播的方向上具一个初始能量E₀, 那么这种线性的定标关系可以被打破, 被加速电子束最终的能量可以被放大E₀倍. 这是由于具有一定初始能量的电子束不容易被激光脉冲抛在后面, 进而获得更高的加速距离. 二维粒子模拟结果显示: 当电子束的初始能量E₀为MeV量级时这个方法是有效的, 而当E₀过大时这个方法失效. 这是因为当电子的加速距离远大于激光脉冲的瑞利长度时, 激光强度的衰减使得电子束的加速错过了最佳加速场.     

对模拟年轻恒星喷流具有潜在应用的由强激光产生的等离子体喷流（英）

利用神光Ⅱ激光装置的两束激光烧蚀半圆柱壳层靶产生了高速等离子体喷流。喷流的参数由光学和X射线诊断测量。喷流是准直的,在真空中传播。一维流体力学模拟被用来间接地计算喷流的速度。喷流的准直可能来源于高Z等离子体的辐射冷却。由于和年轻恒星喷流具有某些几何相似性,实验室喷流对于在实验室中模拟年轻恒星喷流具有潜在应用。     

强激光产生的强磁场及其对弓激波的影响

强激光照射金属线圈后,会在打靶点附近的背景等离子体中诱发冷电子的回流,在金属丝内形成强电流源,从而产生强磁场.本文利用神光II高功率激光器产生的强激光照射金属丝靶,产生了围绕金属丝的环形强磁场.利用B-dot对局域磁感应强度进行了测量,根据测量结果,结合三维模拟程序,反演得到磁场的空间分布.再利用强激光与CH平面靶相互作用产生的超音速等离子体撞击该金属丝,产生了弓激波.通过光学成像手段研究了磁场对冲击波的影响,发现磁场使得弓激波的轮廓变得不明显并且张角变大.同时,通过实验室天体物理定标率,将金属丝表面等离子参数变换到相应的天体参数中,结果证明利用该实验方法可以在实验室中产生类似太阳风的磁化等离子体.     

激光驱动磁重联过程中的喷流演化和电子能谱测量

利用神光Ⅱ激光器和日本大阪大学Gekko激光器构建了激光驱动等离子体磁重联过程. 在垂直于磁重联平面方向发现了高速喷流, 从不同观测方向实验证实了该喷流的存在并测量了喷流的流体力学演化过程, 对其中的电子能谱进行了诊断分析.     

How to realize an ultrafast electron diffraction experiment with a terahertz pump: A theoretical study

To integrate a terahertz pump into an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) experiment has attracted much attention due to its potential to initiate and detect the structural dynamics both directly. However, the deflection of the electron probe by the electromagnetic field of the terahertz pump alters the incident angle of the electron probe on the sample, impeding it from recording structural information afterwards. In this article, we studied this issue by a theoretical simulation of the terahertz-induced deflection effect on the electron probe, and came up with several possible schemes to reduce such effect. As a result, a terahertz-pump-electron-probe UED experiment with a temporal resolution comparable to the terahertz period is realized. We also found that MeV UED was more suitable for such terahertz pump experiment.