实验室天体物理的验证特例:W43A磁喷流

利用神光II号八路激光与平面Al靶相互作用产生双等离子体喷流.利用阿尔芬-欧拉磁流体动力学标度变换理论产生的喷流与天体环境下形成的W43A喷流进行比较.发现在实验室中直接测量的喷流物理量经过变换后,与天文观测数据极其相似,同时提出重联电场对喷流的形成与准直存在直接的影响.     

Emission spectra simulation of calcium plasmas in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium

We use previous high-quality experimental spectra to test the accuracy of atomic data and the validity of the collisional－radiative (CR) model used in this paper. The synthetic spectrum with electron temperature log T_e(K)=6.745 and electron density n_e=6.0×10^{13}cm^{-3}, which almost reproduces the experimental spectra, is presented. Nearly all the features of the experimental spectra were identified. The results of the CR modelling for the emission spectra of calcium plasmas all agree well with the measured spectral line intensities within the experimental error for most of the lines. Furthermore, we make the electron temperature diagnostic through the synthetic spectrum and population fractions of every ionization state as a function of charge state at different electron temperatures, as well as the electron density diagnostic through the intensity ratios of two lines of Be-like calcium and three lines of C-like calcium. A good agreement between the calculated values and the measured ones is found.     

态选择电荷交换实验测量以及对天体物理软X射线发射模型的检验

在高温天体等离子体环境中,低能高电荷态离子与中性原子和分子之间的电荷交换是天体物理环境中软X射线发射的重要机制之一.电荷交换软X射线发射相关的天体物理建模需要大量的主量子数n和角量子数l分辨的态选择俘获截面数据,目前这类数据主要来自于经典或者半经典的原子碰撞理论模型.本文利用反应显微成像谱仪,系统测量了炮弹能量为1.6—20.0 keV/u Ne~(8+)与He的单电子俘获n分辨的态选择俘获截面.将测得的相对态选择截面与多通道Landau-Zener方法以及分子库仑过垒模型计算的结果进行比较,发现理论模型计算结果与实验测量结果在弱反应通道上存在显著差异.进一步结合天体物理中常用的l分布模型,计算了1.6和2.4 keV/u Ne~(8+)与He之间电荷交换中的软X射线发射谱,通过与近期实验测量的X射线谱比较,发现计算的软X射线谱强度明显偏离已有的测量值.这些研究表明,多通道Landau-Zener方法、分子库仑过垒模型以及l分布模型在定量描述电荷交换态选择截面时存在一定的不足,如果将这些理论模型应用于天体物理的X射线背景研究中,可能导致对天体等离子体参数的描述不够准确.     

Photoionization of Ge^13＋ in the Inner-Shell 2p Excitation Energy Region

The photoionization cross sections of the levels belonging to the ground configuration [Ne]3s^2 3p^6 3d of Ge^13＋ are investigated using the fully relativistic R-matrix method in the 2p - 3d excitation region. The photoionization cross section is dominated by 2p - 3d resonances. The detailed resonance structures are described and analysed with the resonance positions, widths and oscillator strengths to be determined. Good agreement is obtained between the length and velocity forms of the resonance oscillator strengths. The relative difference is less than 8%.     

Application of multi-pulse optical imaging to measure evolution of laser-produced counter-streaming flows

A counter-streaming flow system is a test-bed to investigate the astrophysical collisionless shock(CS) formation in the laboratory. Electrostatic/electromagnetic instabilities, competitively growing in the system and exciting the CS formation, are sensitive to the flows parameters. One of the most important parameters is the velocity, determining what kind of instability contributes to the shock formation. Here we successfully measure the evolution of the counter-streaming flows within one shot using a multi-pulses imaging diagnostic technique. With the technique, the average velocity of the high-density-part(ne ≥ 8–9 × 10~(19)cm~(-3)) of the flow is directly measured to be of ～ 10~6cm/s between 7 ns and 17 ns.Meanwhile, the average velocity of the low-density-part(ne ≤ 2 × 10~(19)cm~(-3)) can be estimated as ～ 10~7cm/s. The experimental results show that a collisionless shock is formed during the low-density-part of the flow interacting with each other.     

Response of HD-V2 radiochromic film to argon ions

A two-dimensional dose detector for ion beam is required in many high energy density physics experiments. As a solid detector, the GAFChromic film offers a good spatial resolution and dosimetric accuracy. For an absolute dose measurement, the relative effectiveness, which represents the darkening efficiency of the film to a radiation source, needs to be taken into consideration. In this contribution, the dose-response of HD-V2 to argon ions is presented for the first time. The calibration was taken over the dose range of 65 Gy-660 Gy with 8-keV argon ions. The response of net optical density is from 0.01 to 0.05. Triple-color dose-response functions are derived. The relative effectiveness for the argon ion beams is about 5%, much lower than that of protons and carbon ions. To explain this effect, the inactivation probability based on track theory of ion bombardment is proposed. Furthermore, a theoretical prediction of the relative effectiveness for single ion is presented, showing the dependence of the darkening efficiency on the atomic number and the incident energy of ions.     

电子束离子阱对中性气体电荷交换的光谱诊断

在实验室天体物理研究中,电子束离子阱(EBIT)是极端紫外(EUV)和X射线波段能谱分析的重要实验平台,其中EBIT中心残余的中性气体对离子产生存在显著影响。研究了阱区中心残余中性气体对电荷态分布的影响,发现阱区中心残余中性气体和高电荷态离子之间的电荷/能量交换过程不仅影响离子的电荷分布, 而且对激发函数(离子分布比例随电子能量关系曲线)有着极大的影响。利用电离平衡分析方法成功诊断出阱区中心区域残留的中性气体分子数密度,以及内腔室的真空度。     

Modulated stochastic multiresonance in single-mode laser system without input periodic signal

The stochastic resonance phenomenon in a single-mode laser system driven by multiplicative and additive Gaussian white noises without external periodic force is studied. We find that there are multiple extrema (maximum) in the curve of the mean output laser intensity versus the logarithm of multiplicative noise level. This phenomenon reveals that the mean output laser intensity can be amplified at several values of the multiplicative noise intensity, whose peaks are likely modulated by a sinusoidal function.     

纳秒激光等离子体相互作用过程中激光强度对微波辐射影响的研究

在强激光与等离子体的相互作用中,通常能够产生时间尺度长达百纳秒量级的微波辐射,形成的复杂电磁环境会干扰或损坏机械电子设备,并给物理过程的准确认识与表征带来困难.然而,目前对于微波辐射的产生机制的研究还不够系统和完善.本文通过系统地改变纳秒激光与等离子体作用过程中入射的激光能量以改变入射激光强度,发现微波辐射强度随激光强度非单调变化.在较低的激光强度下,辐射强度随激光强度的增加先增加后减小,辐射场时间波形呈现连续振荡的特征,辐射频谱包含低于和高于0.3 GHz两部分分量;在较高的激光强度下,辐射强度随激光强度的增加而增加,辐射场时间波形表现为数十纳秒的单极性辐射,辐射频谱主要包括0.3 GHz以下的分量.分析表明,导致微波波形和频谱差别的原因是辐射机制发生了变化.在较低的激光强度下,微波辐射由偶极辐射和靶上电子束向真空出射共同作用产生,其中偶极辐射占主导;在较高的激光强度下,微波辐射主要由靶上电子束向真空出射产生.研究结果对于理解纳秒激光与等离子体相互作用过程中的微波辐射机制具有比较重要的意义,同时也为借助微波辐射诊断激光与等离子体相互作用过程中的逃逸电子、靶面鞘层场等问题提供了参考.     

Statistical properties of a single-mode laser driven by additive and multiplicative coloured noises with a coloured cross-correlation for different correlation times

We study a system for a single-mode laser driven by additive and multiplicative coloured noises with a coloured cross-correlation. The analytical expression of the stationary intensity distribution (SID) for the laser is derived in the case of three different correlation times. The influences of each stochastic parameter on the SID are discussed, the effects of the noise "colour" and the cross-correlation of noises on the mean intensity , the variance, λ_2(0), and the skewness,λ_3(0) of the single-mode laser are investigated. We find that there are colourful phase transitions for the SID above a threshold, and re-entrant transitions induced by the "colour" of the additive noises. Further research of the curves of -τ_i, λ_2(0)-τ_i, and λ_3(0)-τ_i (i=1,2,3) (where τ_i is the correlation time) shows that the output intensity not only increases with the additive noise correlation time τ_2 and the cross-correlation time τ_3, but also the quality of the output of laser beams is optimized.