陕西古琉璃SRXRF研究及多元统计分析

用同步辐射X射线荧光(SRXRF)对陕西西岳庙宋、元、明、清早期、清晚期4个地层出土的古琉璃胎和釉中主、微量元素进行了分析,用SPSS统计软件对实验数据进行了多元统计分析.分析结果表明,从宋到清早期琉璃胎料很稳定,清晚期琉璃胎料与宋到清早期之间存在明显的区别,明代一件料器片胎的化学成分与同期其它样品差别很大,与清晚期样品的成分接近,这与中子活化分析结果是一致;琉璃釉色主要由Fe,Cu和Co三元素的含量决定.     

用ICP研究鹿科动物骨质疏松症的微量元素特征

鹿科动物的骨质疏松症是近几年出现的一种疾病，它影响鹿的生长发育和繁殖，病重者死亡。我们采集梅花鹿和白唇鹿的毛，血样，用低温灰化方法和温法消解处理样品，用ＩＣＰ分析了毛，血清中微量元素的含量。病梅花鹿毛样中Ｍｇ，Ａｌ，Ｃａ，Ｔｉ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ的含量比正常组高，Ｔｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ的偏差率大于１５％，而Ｓｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｐ，Ｐ，Ａｇ，Ｂａ，Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｐｂ比正常组低，Ｖ，Ａｇ，Ｂａ，Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｐｂ存在...     

扭转的NbTi复合线短样品交流损耗的实验研究

用“双线圈方法”测试了扭转的NbTi复合线短样品的磁滞(辶回)线.研究了磁滞损耗和(辶回)线形状与超导丝芯径(d)、纵向外磁场变化率(dH/dt)、复合线的扭距(lp)、以及剩磁与(d)和(lp)间的关系.实验结果如下: (1) 磁滞损耗与超导丝直径成正比.NbTi-Cu-CuNi三组元复合线的损耗比NbTi-cu二组元复合线的大. (2) 磁滞(辶回)线的形状和面积随纵向场dH/dt而变化.当dH/dt变大时,不仅(辶回)线的面积增加而且形状也略有变化. (3) 对于同一种复合线,(辶回)线的形状和面积随扭距而变化. (4) 超导丝直径粗、扭距短、剩磁大;直径细、扭距长、剩磁小.     

Study of the circumstance influence on the elemental distribution in ancient animal bone using μ-XRF

Elemental analysis of archaeological bone plays an important role in the study of the dietary habits of ancient animals. The elemental characteristic of diagenetic skeletons depends on the surrounding circumstance. The study of environmental influence on the elemental concentration of ancient bone is significant. In this paper, the diagenetic influence on archaeological skeletons is analyzed by microbeam X-ray fluorescence （p.-XRF）. The results show that the enamel is an excellent barrier to the diagenesis and the element Sr in bone isn＇t susceptible to contamination from the buried environment.     

用NAA研究清凉寺窑和张公巷窑青瓷胎的原料特征及来源

为研究清凉寺窑汝瓷胎和张公巷窑青瓷胎的原料特征及来源, 选取37个清凉寺窑汝瓷胎样品(32个汝官瓷胎和5个汝民瓷胎)、 32个张公巷窑青瓷胎样品以及14个岩石样品, 用中子活化分析 （NAA）方法测得每个样品中的23种元素含量; 使用散布分析及主成分分析方法处理NAA数据。 结果表明: 元素Fe, Ce, Ba, Ta, Th, La, Sm和Cr可作为区分汝官瓷胎和张公巷窑青瓷胎原料产地的指纹元素; 汝官瓷胎原料产地较集中, 来源相对稳定; 清凉寺窑汝民瓷胎料产地与汝官瓷基本相同, 均为就地取材; 张公巷窑青瓷胎原料产地较为分散, 与汝官瓷不同, 但二者距离相近。 关     

不同窑口古代青瓷的产地特征的中子活化分析

产地属性是科学鉴别遗址和墓葬中出土的古陶瓷烧制产地的重要依据.用仪器中子活化（INAA）有损分析了浙江寺龙口越窑、江西洪州窑和陕西耀州窑出土的古瓷碎片样品,通过实验数据的统计分析,结果表明3个窑口古瓷的元素组成具有各自的特征,它们之间具有可以区分的依据,寺龙口越窑与南方江西洪州窑的制胎原料关系较近,与北方陕西耀州窑的关系较远.这些试验结果将为古陶瓷地研究提供重要参数.Provenance characteristic is an important scientific parameter to identify ancient porcelain wares unearthed from sites and graves.The porcelain samples of Si Long Kou kiln of Zhejiang Province,Hong Zhou kiln of Jiangxi Province and Yao Zhou kiln of Shanxi Province have been analyzed with neutron activation analysis(NAA) in this paper.The experimental data were studied with statistic methods.The results show that the chemical compositions of porcelain body samples for three kilns were different. The difference was been able identified. The body materials of both Si Long Kou Yue kiln and Hong Zhou kiln of Jiangxi were similar. The samples of Yao Zhou kiln in north of China existed obvious difference.     

一种新型的微束X射线荧光谱仪及其在考古学中的应用

介绍了一种新型的基于X光透镜的微束X射线荧光分析系统的结构、性能和特点及其在考古学中的应用.X光透镜将旋转阳极X射线发生器产生的X射线束聚成直径为几十微米的光束，实现了对考古样品的无损、原位、微区的分析.为了检验微束分析系统的可行性，分析了一片明代青花瓷残片中青花部位的元素分布，结果表明青花中Mn和Co元素的含量与青花颜色的深浅相一致；相关性分析表明Mn和Co呈现非常好的线性相关；Mn和Co的含量或比值对青花的产地和真伪的辨别有着重要的意义. 关键词： X光透镜 微束X射线荧光 青花     

征集馆藏陶瓷文物过程中核分析技术的作用

博物馆的功能是集文物征集、考古、收藏、研究和展示于一身,收藏反映中国古代、近现代和当代历史的珍贵文物,通过举办常设基本陈列和多种专题陈列,向公众展示与宣传中华民族的伟大历史进程与辉煌文化,博物馆是提供公众进行高品位文化享受的重要场所。通过高水平的历史学、考古学、文物学、博物馆学研究,     

Study on the chemical composition features of Longquan celadon excavated from the Chuzhou site of Huai'an City in Jiangsu Province by EDXRF

A mass of Longquan celadon shards were excavated from the Chuzhou site of Huai'an City in Jiangsu Province, China. These celadon shards were fired during the period of the Late Yuan Dynasty to the Tianshun era of the Ming Dynasty, as identified by archaeologists at Nanjing Museum. In order to research the chemical composition features of this ancient celadon porcelain, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for non-destructive analysis was used to determine the chemical composition of the porcelain body and glaze in these shards. The results indicate that Ti and Fe in the body of Longquan celadon are characteristic elements which can distinguish porcelain produced during the Late Yuan Dynasty from those produced in the Ming Dynasties. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) show that different body and glaze raw materials were used for the production of porcelain in different periods and the raw materials of the body and glaze are also different for various vessel shapes. The chemical compositions in the porcelain body of civilian ware are slightly different. The imperial and civilian Longquan celadon porcelains produced during the Hongwu era to the Tianshun era of the Ming Dynasty are distinguishable by the MnO, Fe₂O₃, Rb₂O and SrO content in their porcelain glaze.     

越窑青瓷釉层元素组成的SRXRF无损分析及其在考古学中的应用

利用同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)无损分析研究了越窑青瓷的釉面元素组成,探讨了越窑古瓷无损分析的可行性实验方法.对寺龙口越窑6个文化期的古青瓷样品进行了无损分析,选用晚唐时期荷花芯越窑的古青瓷样品作对比分析.实验数据经统计分析后表明,寺龙口越窑古青瓷具有较明显的年代特征和产地特征,不同文化期烧制的青瓷样品具有一定的相关性.