Surface charging behaviors of electrocatalytic interfaces with partially charged chemisorbates

The surface charge is a key concept in electrochemistry. Mathematically, the surface charge is obtained from a spatial integration of the volume charge along a particular direction. Ambiguities thus arise in choosing the starting and ending points of the integration. As for electrocatalytic interfaces, the presence of chemisorbates further complicates the situation. In this minireview, I adopt a definition of the surface charge within a continuum picture of the electric double layer. I will introduce surface charging behaviors of firstly ordinary electrochemical interfaces and then electrocatalytic interfaces featuring partially charged chemisorbates. Particularly, the origin of nonmonotonic surface charging behaviors of electrocatalytic interfaces is explained using a primitive model. Finally, a brief account of previous studies on the nonmonotonic surface charging behavior is presented, as a subline of the spectacular history of electric double layer.     

微流控纸芯片的加工及其分析应用的实验设计*

设计了一个使用喷墨打印法加工微流控纸芯片的实验,在经烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)的正己烷溶液浸泡过的滤纸上,以三乙醇胺溶液为打印墨水,用喷墨打印机打印出设计好的芯片图案。滤纸加热后,打印区域呈现亲水性,非打印区域为疏水性,从而制备出纸芯片,用该纸芯片通过数字比色法实现了亚硝酸根离子的定量测定。该实验不使用昂贵仪器设备,易普及。通过实验,促使学生了解微流控芯片这一前沿科学技术,锻炼学生细致、灵巧的动手能力,激发学生科技创新活力。     

黄绿色葡萄石的矿物学特征及谱学研究

葡萄石可以以板状、片状、葡萄状、肾状、放射状或块状集合体的形式产出,因其美丽的外观和特殊的晶体结构,近年来受到了学者的广泛关注。本文通过电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、显微拉曼光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计等仪器对黄绿色葡萄石的成分、结构及谱学特征进行了分析与探讨。葡萄石的主要致色元素为Fe,且Fe³⁺经常取代Al³⁺占据八面体配位,Fe²⁺经常取代Ca²⁺存在于空隙中。电子探针数据表明:Fe与Al的含量变化整体呈现负相关关系,Fe与Ca的含量变化也整体呈现负相关关系,Fe含量相对较高的样品其黄绿色调加深。XRD图谱和拉曼光谱的结果表明:在葡萄石中绿帘石以包裹体的形式存在。红外光谱和拉曼光谱表明葡萄石中存在硅氧四面体和铝氧八面体两种架构,紫外可见吸收光谱揭示了葡萄石的致色机理。本文对葡萄石的矿物学特征及谱学特征进行系统分析,为后续葡萄石的进一步研究提供思路与实验数据。     

Convergence of the viscosity solution of non-autonomous Hamilton-Jacobi equations

In this paper,we investigate the non-autonomous Hamilton-Jacobi equation ■ where H is 1-periodic with respect to t and M is a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary.We obtain the viscosity solution denoted by T_(t_0)~tφ(x) and show T_(t_0)~tφ(x) converges uniformly to a time-periodic viscosity solution u~*(x,t) of ?_tu+H(t,x,?_xu,u)=0.     

不同退火条件对PEALD制备的Ga2O3薄膜特性的影响

利用等离子增强原子层沉积技术(PEALD)在c面蓝宝石衬底上制备了氧化镓(Ga₂O₃)薄膜,研究了退火气氛(v(N₂)∶v(O₂)=1∶1(体积比)、空气和N₂)及退火时间对Ga₂O₃薄膜晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性质的影响。研究结果表明,退火前的氧化镓处于亚稳态,不同退火气氛下退火后晶体结构发生明显改变,而且退火气氛中N₂比例增加有利于Ga₂O₃重结晶。在N₂气氛下退火达到30 min,薄膜结构已由亚稳态转变成择优取向的β-Ga₂O₃。而且表面形貌分析表明,退火30 min后表面形貌开始趋于稳定,表面晶粒密度不再增加。另外实验样品在 400~800 nm的平均透射率几乎是100%,且光吸收边陡峭。采用N₂气氛退火,对于富氧环境下沉积的Ga₂O₃更利于薄膜表面原子迁移,以及择优取向Ga₂O₃重结晶。     

Maltol as a Novel Agent Protecting SH-SY5Y Cells Against Hemin-induced Ferroptosis

Ferroptosis triggered by hemin is regarded as a primary factor accounting for neuronal death secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage. Thus, compounds with inhibitory effect on hemin-induced ferroptosis might be potential medicines to prevent neuronal death caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Herein, we investigate whether maltol could alleviate hemin-induced SH-SY5Y cell ferroptosis and its potential mechanisms. It is found that maltol effectively prevents hemin-induced SH-SY5Y cell ferroptosis via three pathways. The first one is inhibiting intracellular iron increase via preventing upregulation of transferrin receptor, the second one is alleviating lipid peroxidation via attenuating H₂O₂ generation by NOX4 and promoting H₂O₂ clearance by catalase, and the third one is to reduce peroxidized lipids via maintaining GPX4/GSH pathway. Therefore, maltol is a novel agent preventing hemin-induced SH-SY5Y cell ferroptosis.     

LWE from non-commutative group rings

Designs, Codes and Cryptography - The Learning-With-Errors (LWE) problem (and its variants including Ring-LWE and Module-LWE), whose security are based on hard ideal lattice problems, has proven to...     

基于摩擦磨损的KDP晶体固结磨料抛光垫优化

本文通过固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨的单因素试验探究固结磨料球中反应物种类、磨粒浓度、反应物浓度、基体硬度对摩擦系数、磨痕截面积和磨痕处粗糙度的影响,试验结果表明:KHCO₃固结磨料球对磨后磨痕对称性好,磨痕处的粗糙度值低;磨痕截面积随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加而增大,随基体硬度的增大而降低;磨痕处粗糙度随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加先降低后上升,随基体硬度的增大先上升后降低;摩擦系数受磨粒和反应物浓度影响不明显,随基体硬度的增大而降低。选择KHCO₃作为反应物,Ⅰ基体,磨粒浓度为基体质量的100%,反应物浓度为15%制备固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨后的磨痕轮廓对称度好且磨痕处粗糙度值低,以该组分制备固结磨料垫干式抛光KDP晶体,可实现晶体表面粗糙度Sa值为18.50 nm,材料去除率为130 nm/min的高效精密加工。     

季铵盐改性蒙脱石的制备与表征

采用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)对钠基蒙脱石(MMT)进行季铵化改性,制备有机蒙脱石(CMMT),对改性后的蒙脱石进行X射线衍射(XRD)、电位分析法(PA)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和热分析(TGA)等分析表征,并用改性后的蒙脱石吸附五氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)后测定并比较其载药量.结果表明,改性剂已成功插入到蒙脱石的层间;相比于钠基蒙脱石,有机蒙脱石的层间距和热稳定性均有所增大;当制备季铵盐有机改性蒙脱石时,反应温度为80℃,且CTAC的用量是MMT的2.5倍阳离子交换容量时,形成的有机蒙脱石的阳离子化程度和对5-FU的载药量最高.此外,考察并比较了有机蒙脱石和钠基蒙脱石的体外细胞毒性,结果显示有机蒙脱石具有更好的生物相容性和更低的细胞毒性.