"地小氢"和"月小氢"

Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element in the Universe and is tightly related to human life. This article personifies hydrogen, bringing a close interaction between the hydrogen on the moon and the hydrogen on the Earth. Through lively and interesting dialogues, the history of hydrogen discovery and the properties are introduced, and the application of hydrogen in different aspects of the future is prospected.     

"PBL"教学法在"有机合成"教学中的运用

为突破传统教学模式,提高有机化学教学质量,本文尝试在“有机化学”课程的“有机合成”部分采用“PBL”教学法模式,取得了较好的效果。“PBL”教学法是以问题为基础的教学方法,它能拓展知识面,联系不同学科中的相关知识点,加强了学生学习的主动性,训练了学生的思维能力,让知识永久的存储于学生的记忆中,使教学处于融洽的氛围中。     

"问题米"、"问题面"

近闻广东、广西、海南等南方城市先后发现“问题米”、“问题面”而引起食物中毒的事件。其中广东省卫生、公安、工商等部门联合采取行动,查“问题米”近百吨;广西玉林5所学校因食用“问题面”一次中毒竟达400余名学生。就此卫生部立即通告全国,要求各地对辖区的大米、麦面生产经营单位进行     

仪器信息网"耗材"和"配件"栏目全新上线

仪器信息网”耗材”和”配件”栏目在紧锣密鼓的筹备工作之后,终于全新上线,这2个栏目汇聚了国内外近600家仪器常用配件耗材生产商和供应商信息以及50万条产品信息．如实验过程中常用的色谱柱、氘灯、传感器等仪器零配件;玻璃器皿、化学试剂和标准物品等实验耗材,都可以在这2个栏目中找到并询价．     

"О ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ КАМЕННЫХ УГЛЕЙ КНР"

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原子量之"变"

原子量是最为基础的科学概念之一,"国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)"之"同位素丰度和原子量委员会(CIAAW)"每两年会修订并发布一次原子量。自2009年起,IUPAC宣布某些元素的原子量不再是常数,这些元素的标准原子量为区间值。为方便使用,对于这些元素,给出一个合理的单一数值,称为常规原子量。何为标准原子量?何为常规原子量?为何某些元素的原子量出现区间值?依据原子量数值的特性,元素可以分为几大类?本文在介绍最新元素周期表中原子量的特点之后,简述原子量测定、标准确定、概念演变的发展历史,讨论原子量的修订与变化等问题。     

生物"气味"研究进展

生物＂气味＂是生物体在生命活动及其新陈代谢过程中产生的挥发性有机小分子化合物,是一种重要的生物代谢终端产物,携带丰富的生物信息。本文介绍生物＂气味＂的概念、研究方法及研究进展。     

"分子梳"研究进展

“分子梳”是DNA被可移动的气-液界的均匀拉直,该技术涉及两个过程:DNA分子末端与基底表面的特异性结合和移动的气-液界面对DNA分子的均匀拉直。该技术在构建纳米材料/结构,研究DNA转录和复制,绘制基因物理图谱等方面得到了应用。预计“分子梳”技术将在以下方面取得进展:以拉直的DNA为模板构建纳米器件和纳米材料;用于基因突变的临床检测;结合原子力显微术(AFM),建立“原子力显微术原位杂交”技术以替代荧光原位杂交。     

“水上”(“on water”)有机反应

"水上"有机反应的发展是水相绿色合成反应研究领域中的一个突破。体系的非均相性质是"水上"反应的基本特征。水不仅是重要的绿色反应介质,在大多数"水上"有机反应中都能观察到水对反应的速度和选择性有明显的提升作用。采用"水上"反应的条件,可以使反应的规模扩大,有利于产物的分离、纯化。本文以反应的类型分类综述了近年来有关"水上"有机反应研究的进展,以及在绿色有机合成中的应用。     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

"Dip-Pen" nanolithography on semiconductor surfaces

Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) uses an AFM tip to deposit organic molecules through a meniscus onto an underlying substrate under ambient conditions. Thus far, the methodology has been developed exclusively for gold using alkyl or aryl thiols as inks. This study describes the first application of DPN to write organic patterns with sub-100 nm dimensions directly onto two different semiconductor surfaces: silicon and gallium arsenide. Using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as the ink in the DPN procedure, we were able to utilize lateral force microscopy (LFM) images to differentiate between oxidized semiconductor surfaces and patterned areas with deposited monolayers of HMDS. The choice of the silazane ink is a critical component of the process since adsorbates such as trichlorosilanes are incompatible with the water meniscus and polymerize during ink deposition. This work provides insight into additional factors, such as temperature and adsorbate reactivity, that control the rate of the DPN process and paves the way for researchers to interface organic and biological structures generated via DPN with electronically important semiconductor substrates.     

发展“模型认知”素养的教学实践*——以“化学方程式”为例

模型认知是重要的思维方法。基于模型认知进行教学设计,能促使教师从关注知识转向关注核心素养,从而使教学活动有效地促进学生思维能力的发展。在对模型及模型认知理解的基础上,以典型的符号模型“化学方程式”为例,阐明了教学思路和教学活动与学科观念的关系,形成了发展学生模型认知核心素养的教学设计。     

Switching "on" and "off" the expression of chirality in peptide rotaxanes

The hydrogen-bond-directed synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and optical properties of the first chiral peptide rotaxanes are reported. Collectively these systems provide the first examples of single molecular species where the expression of chirality in the form of a circular dichroism (CD) response can selectively be switched "on" or "off", and its magnitude altered, through controlling the interactions between mechanically interlocked submolecular components. The switching is achievable both thermally and through changes in the nature of the environment. Peptido[2]rotaxanes consisting of an intrinsically achiral benzylic amide macrocycle locked onto various chiral dipeptide (Gly-L-Ala, Gly-L-Leu, Gly-L-Met, Gly-L-Phe, and Gly-L-Pro) threads exhibit strong (10-20k deg cm(2) dmol(-1)) negative induced CD (theta;) values in nonpolar solvents (e.g. CHCl(3)), where the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between thread and macrocycle is maximized. In polar solvents (e.g., MeOH), where the intercomponent hydrogen bonding is weakened, or switched off completely, the elliptical polarization falls close to zero in some cases and can even be switched to large positive values in others. Importantly, the mechanism of generating the switchable CD response in the chiral peptide rotaxanes is also determined: a combination of semiempirical calculations and geometrical modeling using the continuous chirality measure (CCM) shows that the chirality is transmitted from the amino acid asymmetric center on the thread via the macrocycle to the C-terminal stopper of the rotaxane. This understanding could have important implications for other areas where chiral transmission from one chemical entity to another underpins a physical or chemical response, such as the seeding of supertwisted nematic liquid crystalline phases or asymmetric synthesis.     

Theoretical study on "multilayer" nitrogen cages

The relative stabilities of nonisomers are investigated. Twenty-two species of nitrogen cage molecules N(2n) (N6 (D(3h)), N8 (Oh), N10 (D(5h)), N12 (D(6h)), N12 (D(3d)), N16 (D(4d)), N18 (D(3h)), N20 (Ih), N24 (D(3d)), N24 (D(4h)), N24 (D(6d)), N30 (D(3h)), N30 (D(5h)), N32 (D(4d)), N36 (D(3d)), N40 (D(4h)), N42 (D(3h)), N48 (D(4d)), N48 (D(3d)), N54 (D(3h)), N56 (D(4h)), and N60 (D(3d))), which are divided into four sets, have been studied in detail. The geometries and varieties of energies are examined extensively, and NBO analysis and AIM analysis are applied to investigate the bonding properties of the cage molecules. The introducing of the concept of "layer" can well assist in explaining why one nonisomer molecule is more stable than another one. The results show that the lengths of bonds, on both sides of which are five-membered rings (referred to as pentagons), are the shortest and the orbital energies are the lowest. The nonlocalized electron numbers of orbitals, on at least one side of which is a triangle, are the greatest. Pentagons play a major role in the stability of a cage molecule, and the three-membered rings (referred to as triangles) play the second one. The layers in nitrogen cage molecules also contribute to the relative stabilities.     

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes "on water"

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are exfoliated and functionalized into small bundles and individuals by vigorous stirring "on water" in the presence of a substituted aniline and an oxidizing agent. This is an example of an "on water" reaction that leads to functionalized SWNTs, and it represents a "green", or environmentally friendly, process. A variety of reaction conditions were explored. The products were analyzed with Raman, UV-vis-NIR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, atomic force and transmission electron microscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis.