Fe掺杂GaN晶体非极性面的光学各向异性研究

本文利用低温光致发光谱(PL)研究了Fe掺杂GaN晶体非极性a面{1120}、m面{1100} 的带边峰和Fe³⁺相关峰(⁴T₁(G)- ⁶A₁(S))的偏振发光特性。结果表明:a面与m面光学各向异性差别较小,线偏振光的电矢量E平行于c轴[0001]时(E∥c),GaN带边峰强度最小,而Fe³⁺零声子峰(1.299 eV)强度最强。带边峰线偏振度小,而Fe³⁺零声子峰线偏振度大,a面带边峰的线偏振度为26％,Fe³⁺零声子峰的偏振度在a面和m面分别达到55%和58%。在5 K低温下,进一步测量了Fe³⁺精细峰和声子伴线的偏振特性,结果表明,除了一个微弱的峰外,其他精细峰和声子伴线与Fe³⁺零声子峰偏振特性一致。本研究有助于拓展Fe掺杂GaN晶体材料在新型偏振光电器件领域的应用。     

铁离子掺杂对铜铬黑颜料呈色性能的影响

为改善CuCr₂O₄黑色颜料呈色性能,将Fe³⁺掺杂进入CuCr₂O₄晶体中,采用共沉淀法制备CuCr_2-xFe_xO₄(x=0,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07),并对所制备样品进行TG-DTA、XRD、SEM、Raman、XPS、UV-Vis吸收光谱和色度值的测试与表征。结果表明,Fe以三价态固溶进入Cr³⁺位置,未出现杂质相,得到的CuCr_2-xFe_xO₄晶粒细小、分散均匀。Fe³⁺掺杂可减小CuCr₂O₄的禁带宽度,从1.25 eV减小到1.08 eV,禁带宽度的减小是由于2p(O^2-)→3d(Fe³⁺)和Fe³⁺的d-d(⁶A_1g→⁴T_1g和 ⁶A_1g→⁴T_2g)电荷跃迁引起的。禁带宽度的减小使得黑色颜料对可见光(380~780 nm)的吸收率提高,L^*值减小,呈现出良好的黑度。得到的最佳黑色颜料为CuCr_1.95Fe_0.05O₄,L^*=17.63,a^*=-0.77,b^*=-1.61。     

Dy3+掺杂Y2MgTiO6荧光粉的制备及发光性质研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出一系列Dy³⁺掺杂的Y₂MgTiO₆(YMT∶Dy³⁺)荧光粉，并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、荧光光谱仪对荧光粉的晶体结构、微观形貌及发光性质进行研究和分析。研究结果显示，YMT∶Dy³⁺荧光粉为双钙钛矿结构，Dy³⁺掺杂不改变样品的晶体结构。在近紫外光(352 nm)的激发下，样品的发射光谱显示出典型的Dy³⁺特征发射峰，分别是485 nm处的蓝光、578 nm处的黄光，以及650～700 nm的红光。当Dy³⁺摩尔浓度x=0.03时，荧光粉出现浓度猝灭效应，其浓度猝灭机制为电偶极子-电偶极子相互作用(d-d)。YMT∶Dy³⁺荧光粉的CIE色坐标明显受到Dy³⁺的浓度影响，其中YMT∶0.02Dy³⁺荧光粉的CIE色坐标为(0.406,0.407),位于暖白光区，可作为一种暖白光荧光粉应用于近紫外激发白光发光二极管(...     

稀土金属Ce3+掺杂ZnO材料的光催化机理

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了光催化活性更高的Ce∶ZnO复合粉体光催化材料,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)技术对所制备的粉体样品的晶体种类及结构、自由基种类及含量、光催化效率进行表征分析。复合样品的X射线衍射测试结果显示,随着掺杂浓度的增加,先后检测到CeO₂的(111)和(200)晶面特征峰,且衍射峰强度逐渐增强。此外,适量的掺杂(c(Ce³⁺)=2%)可减小ZnO晶体的晶粒尺寸。电子顺磁共振测试结果显示,Ce∶ZnO复合光催化材料中存在三类自由基,分别是Zn-H络合物、正一价氧空位、CeO₂表面吸附的超氧根离子。紫外可见光谱测试表明,适量的掺杂可有效提高ZnO催化剂的光催化活性,综合分析显示,ZnO光催化活性提高的主要原因是Ce³⁺的掺入使得材料中电子数量增多,进而提高了活性自由基·O^-₂的数量。本文通过EPR技术和XRD衍射技术,成功表征了Ce³⁺掺杂对ZnO材料中自由基种类合成的影响过程,并结合UV-Vis技术,对Ce∶ZnO复合材料光催化降解甲基橙的过程中的电子转移过程作出了合理的解释。     

Yb,Ho:GdScO3晶体生长及光谱性能分析

采用提拉法生长出了尺寸为?30 mm×50 mm的Yb, Ho∶GdScO₃晶体。通过X射线衍射得到了晶体的粉末衍射数据，使用GSAS软件进行了全谱拟合，得到了晶体的结构参数。测试了晶体的拉曼光谱，在100～700 cm^-1观察到18个拉曼振动峰。对Yb, Ho∶GdScO₃晶体的光谱特性进行了表征，并计算了Yb³⁺的吸收截面，其在940、975 nm处的吸收截面分别为0.31×10^-20、0.42×10^-20 cm²。采用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Ho³⁺的跃迁强度参量Ω_t,Ω₄/Ω₆值为2.04,并计算了辐射跃迁概率、能级寿命及荧光分支比等光谱参数。结果表明，Yb, Ho∶GdScO₃晶体的发光性能良好，是一种有前景的2～3μm激光晶体候选材料。     

双温区热扩散掺杂Fe2+∶ZnSe激光晶体的制备及激光输出性能

本文以CVD ZnSe晶片为基质材料,以FeSe粉末为掺杂物,采用双温区热扩散掺杂技术获得了尺寸为Ø22 mm×4 mm的Fe²⁺∶ZnSe激光晶体。通过二次离子质谱(SIMS)测试该晶体样品表面铁离子浓度为3.43×10¹⁸ cm^-3,并通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了晶体样品中铁元素的离子价态。采用UV/Vis/NIR分光光度计和傅里叶红外光谱仪测试了Fe²⁺∶ZnSe激光晶体的透过谱图。测试结果显示,在3.0 μm处出现了明显的Fe²⁺吸收峰,峰值透过率为5.5%。以波长为2.93 μm的Cr, Er∶YAG激光器为泵浦源,温度77 K时抽运尺寸10 mm×10 mm×4 mm的 Fe²⁺∶ZnSe晶体,获得了能量为191 mJ、中心波长4.04 μm的中红外激光输出,光光转换效率13.84%。     

过渡金属离子掺杂Ⅱ-Ⅵ族中红外激光陶瓷研究进展

2~5 μm中红外激光在民用和军事领域的应用十分广泛。直接泵浦中红外激光增益介质材料是产生中红外激光的主要方式之一,二价过渡金属离子Cr²⁺或Fe²⁺掺杂的ZnS或ZnSe (TM²⁺∶Ⅱ-Ⅵ)材料以其独特的光谱特性成为目前最具发展前景的中红外激光增益材料之一。本文首先归纳了TM²⁺∶Ⅱ-Ⅵ材料的主要制备技术路线,然后重点介绍了采用激光陶瓷技术制备TM²⁺∶Ⅱ-Ⅵ材料的研究进展,最后对TM²⁺∶Ⅱ-Ⅵ陶瓷的原料制备与烧结技术的优化进行了展望。希望以此促进TM²⁺∶Ⅱ-Ⅵ激光陶瓷材料的发展,为获得高性能的TM²⁺∶Ⅱ-Ⅵ中红外激光器奠定关键材料基础。     

Sr3ZnNb2O9:0.3Eu3+,xNa+荧光粉的合成和发光性能研究

本文通过高温固相反应成功制备了Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉∶0.3Eu³⁺,xNa⁺(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)系列荧光粉。X射线衍射分析和精修结果表明，Eu³⁺和Na⁺成功掺杂到Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉基质中，并部分取代了Zn²⁺。采用扫描电子显微镜测试了样品的微观形貌和元素分布。光谱特性和热稳定性研究表明，Na⁺的最佳掺杂浓度为x=0.2,Na⁺的引入提高了Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉∶0.3Eu³⁺荧光粉的热稳定性，活化能为0.163 eV。计算出Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉∶0.3Eu³⁺, 0.2Na⁺样品...     

自掺杂SnO2微球的水热合成及其可见光催化性能

本研究采用水热法,以柠檬酸为螯合剂,通过控制n(Sn⁴⁺)/n(Sn²⁺)的数值,合成了由具有丰富氧空位的SnO₂纳米晶体组装成的微球。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UV-Vis漫反射光谱对SnO₂纳米微球进行表征分析,结果表明:在酸性水热条件和柠檬酸的螯合作用下,二氧化锡纳米晶体聚集形成微球;在Sn⁴⁺/Sn²⁺摩尔比例为3:7时,其微球尺寸最小,整体分散性较好;同时适量二价锡离子的掺杂使得该样品氧空位浓度达到最佳,氧空位的存在将使得样品光吸收范围拓展至可见光,因而该样品显示出较强的可见光催化效率,在8 min内完全降解甲基橙。     

还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2纳米线复合膜的制备及对Cu2+吸附性的影响

以石墨烯和自制TiO₂粉末为原料,通过两步水热法联合真空抽滤法制备还原氧化石墨烯/TiO₂纳米线(rGO/TiO₂ NWs)复合膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱对rGO/TiO₂ NWs复合膜的形貌、结构进行表征。研究结果表明,还原氧化石墨烯和TiO₂ NWs成功地复合在一起,复合材料中TiO₂ NWs分散性较好。Cu²⁺吸附实验结果表明,复合材料中TiO₂ NWs所占比例、pH值是影响Cu²⁺吸附效果的重要因素,研究复合材料对Cu²⁺的吸附效果应该在pH值为6.0的近中性环境。其中TiO₂ NWs含量为50%时,复合膜对Cu²⁺的吸附量最高,达到rGO薄膜的4倍。复合薄膜有较好的吸附稳定性,重复使用5次后,吸附率是原吸附量的91%。     

Ho3+掺杂对六角YMn0.8Fe0.2O3微结构和磁性质的调控

本文利用高温固相反应法合成了六角Y_1-xHo_xMn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃多晶样品,研究Ho³⁺掺杂对YMn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃微结构以及磁性质的影响。X射线衍射和拉曼测量结果显示所有样品均为单相六角结构,当Ho³⁺掺杂浓度低于0.15时,晶格常数a、c,晶胞体积及Mn—O键长均随着掺杂浓度的增加而减小。A位稀土原子位移差以及拉曼声子模式的变化表明随着Ho³⁺掺杂比例增加,A位稀土原子相对于平面的偏移减小,MnO₅双锥体倾斜角减小,B位Mn³⁺的三聚作用被削弱,Mn³⁺—O^2-—Mn³⁺间超交换作用减弱,反铁磁(AFM)序被抑制,反铁磁转变温度下降。磁性测量显示低温下Y_0.9Ho_0.1Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃的磁化强度显著增强,弱铁磁(WFM)序增加,归因于Ho³⁺加入后系统磁阻挫行为的降低及Ho³⁺—O^2-—Mn³⁺间自旋交换作用产生的铁磁序。这为进一步探索室温多铁性材料提供了思路。     

Li conductivity in lithium niobate: silica glasses

Glasses of composition 65 mol% LiNbO₃:: 35 mol% SiO₂ have been shown to be Li⁺ ion conductors with a conductivity at 200°C > 1 × 10⁻⁵ (η cm)⁻¹ and an activation energy of 0.54 eV. The addition of approximately 0.1 mol% Fe₂O₃ leads to an enhancement of conductivity to ≈10⁻³ (η cm)⁻¹ at 200°C and an activation energy of 0.67 eV. The effect of Fe is shown to be in the control of microstructure in the glass, with Fe₂O₃ concentrations < 1 mol% acting as a grain growth inhibitors and larger concentrations acting as a nucleating agents. A model for this process based on the expected stoichiometry of the melt and the effect of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in charge compensation is in excellent agreement with experimental data from electron spin resonance.     

ESR and Mössbauer studies of dispersed states of Fe ions in silica gels

0.01Fe₂O₃---0.99SiO₂ gels were prepared by three different sol-gel methods and the effects of the heat-treatment temperature of the gels on the ESR and Mössbauer parameters were investigated to obtain information about the change in the state of iron ions in the gel. All the gels were found to be amorphous under 600 °C, and among these three methods, the best dispersed state of Fe³⁺ ions was obtained by the method where TEOS was partially hydrolyzed with the same mole content of water before the addition of Fe(OEt)₃. It was indicated that the reaction at the sol-stage plays an important role in the degree of dispersal of Fe³⁺ ions in this system.     

Diluted and non-diluted ferric ions in borate glasses studied by electron paramagnetic resonance

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of lithium borate glass (1 - x)(0.63B₂O₃ · 0.37Li₂O) · xFe₂O₃, with x varying from 0.001 to 0.1, were measured at different microwave frequencies and temperatures. For low Fe³⁺ concentrations (Fe₂O₃ molar contents from 0.001 to 0.01), X-band EPR spectra, consisting of a g_{ef = 4.3} peak accompanied by a shoulder continuing down to g_{ef = 9.7}, are computer simulated on the basis of a ‘rhombic’ spin-Hamiltonian with Zeeman and fine-structure terms. A good fit to the experimental spectra for various Fe₂O₃ contents is observed with the same values of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters and assuming a Lorentzian lineshape and a linewidth increasing linealry with the concentration of Fe³⁺ ions. It is concluded that the spectrum is due to diluted Fe³⁺ ions in a relatively strong crystal field of orthorhombic symmetry, with largely distributed fine-structure parameters. From the concentration dependence of the line width, by extending to glasses a theoretical EPR linewidth expression derived for polycrystalline systems, the minimum distance between diluted Fe³⁺ ions is estimated as 4.9 Å. A diluted state of Fe³⁺ ions in the glass network in this range is also confirmed by the temperature dependence of the g_ef = 4.3 resonance which follows a Curie law. For intermediate concentrations of Fe³⁺ ions (Fe₂O₃ molar contents from 0.01 to 0.1), the width of the g_ef = 4.3 line is proportional to the square root of concentration, still indicating dipolar interactions. On the other hand, the microwave frequency dependence of a broad g_ef ≈ 2 line, which coexists at these concentrations with the g_ef = 4.3 line, shows that the former line is due to pairs or small clusters of exchange-coupled Fe³⁺ ions. The temperature dependence of the g_ef ≈ 2 line intensity in 0.1 mol Fe₂O₃ glass is consistent with a more antiferromagnetic character by comparison with the 0.05 mol Fe₂O₃ glass, which is attributed to an appearance, at higher Fe₂O₃ contents, of iron-containing microclusters not incorporated in the random glass network, with smaller distances between the paramagnetic ions. These microcluster are probably the origin of a new narrow line superposed with the broad g_ef ≈ 2 line in the low-temperature EPR spectra.     

Changes in the refractive index of fused silica due to implantation of transition-metal ions

The changes in the refractive index of high purity silica glass produced by implantation of Ti⁺, Cr⁺, Mn⁺, Fe⁺ and Cu⁺ ions at 160 keV were measured using ellipsometry at a wavelength of 633 nm. Implantation doses ranged from 10¹⁵ to 6 × 10¹⁶ ions cm⁻². At the highest doses, a relative increase in refractive index of approximately 15% for implanted Cu ions and an increase of about half that for implanted Cr, Mn and Fe ions are observed. These variations in index probably result from colloid formation. For implanted Ti, virtually no change in the measured index of refraction was observed even at the highest doses.     

Chemical diffusion and crystalline nucleation during oxidation of ferrous iron-bearing magnesium aluminosilicate glass

Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to evaluate the mechanism and kinetics of oxidation of a Fe²⁺-doped MgO---Al₂O₃---SiO₂ glass (with nominal composition along the enstatite-cordierite-liquid divariant) which was heat treated in air under the time and temperature ranges 10–150 h and 700–800°C, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that oxidation occurs by a cation diffusion process: specifically, the divalent cations diffuse from the interior of the glass to the free surface where they subsequently react with environmental oxygen to form a two-phase, MgO---(Mg, Fe)₃O₄ crystalline layer which covers the (divalent cation-depleted) glass. Oxidation of some Fe²⁺ within the glass occurs via the inward flux of electron holes (a counterflux to the divalent cation diffusion required to maintain charge neutrality of the glass); this internal oxidation results in the fine-scale ( 1–5 nm), homogeneous nucleation of crystalline (Mg, Fe)₃O₄ within the divalent cation-depleted layer of the glass. Chemical diffusion of an oxygen species is thus demonstrated to be a slower, parallel kinetic process which is not required for oxidation to occur in this material. A first-order analysis of oxidation kinetics in the glass is presented.