Sample preparation for mass spectrometry imaging of leaf tissues: a case study on analyte delocalization

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry - Appropriate sample preparation is pivotally important to obtain high-quality mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data. Unlike mammalian tissues, preparation of...     

关于X射线同轴位相衬度成像的研究

利用模糊函数对部分相干源相X射线衬成像进行了详细的理论分析.列举了不同条件下的实验结果.通过与吸收成像相比较，相衬成像无疑对生物样品的内部结构有更高的对比度和可见度.     

焊条药皮中稀土氧化物向焊缝中过渡机制的研究

通过向焊条药皮中加入稀土氧化物的方法，研究了在焊条药皮中加入不同种类、不同含量的稀土氧化物对焊缝金属低温冲击韧性、显微组织以及扩散氢含量的影响。实验表明，在焊条药皮中添加适量的稀土氧化物可以细化焊缝组织、增加针状铁素体的含量、提高焊缝金属的低温冲击韧性和降低焊缝中扩散氢含量，这是一种经济有效的向熔池中过渡稀土元素的方法，可以在焊接材料中发挥稀土元素的特殊作用。从焊接冶金的角度出发，深入研究了焊条药皮中稀土氧化物向熔池中过渡稀土元素的机理、规律及其影响因素。研究表明，焊条药皮中的稀土氧化物在熔滴的高温阶段可以分解出稀土活性原子并过渡到熔池中，参与焊接冶金反应，对焊接熔池起到进一步脱硫去氧的作用。     

Extended depth of focus for transmission x-ray microscope

A fast discrete curvelet transform based focus-stacking algorithm for extending the depth of focus of a transmission x-ray microscope (TXM) is presented. By analyzing an image stack of a sample taken in a Z-scan, a fully in-focus image can be generated by the proposed scheme. With the extended depth of focus, it is possible to obtain 3D structural information over a large volume at nanometer resolution. The focus-stacking method has been demonstrated using a dataset taken with a laboratory x-ray source based TXM system. The possibility and limitations of generalizing this method to a synchrotron based TXM are also discussed. We expect the proposed method to be of important impact in 3D x-ray microscopy.     

同步辐射压弯准直镜姿态的检测--大曲率半径小口径光斑的波前检测

提出了利用微小楔角剪切干涉仪测量同步辐射压弯准直镜姿态的方法。利用透镜和针孔产生与同步辐射发散度相同的激光束。通过剪切干涉仪．测量经压弯准直镜输出激光束的平行度,可将准直镜的位置、俯仰角度和镜面曲率皆调整到最佳。该剪切干涉仪结构简单,可根据条纹图样判断光束的平行度,每一幅干涉条纹图样与准直镜的一种姿态对应,因而这种方法能确定准直镜表面各点反射X射线的整体效果。该方法适用于测量波前曲率半径大竖直口径小的光束,不但精度高．而且具有实用价值。     

Preparation, properties and cytotoxicity evaluation of a biodegradable polyester elastomer composite

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/poly(glycerol–sebacate–citrate) (PGSC) elastomer composite were prepared and their morphologies, compositions, glass transition temperatures, mechanical properties, water absorption, biodegradation and cytotoxicity were investigated. Results showed that the chemical structures of PGSC elastomers were hardly influenced by the MWCNT loadings, and physical adsorption was thought as the main interaction between the MWCNTs and PGSC matrixes. When the MWCNT loading was 3 wt%, MWCNTs displayed a homogenous dispersion in the matrixes, and the composite's strength and modulus respectively reached 4.4 MPa and 9.2 MPa, increasing by 62.96% and 33.33% than that of pure PGSC matrixes. The degradation rates of the composites tended to decrease with the increase of MWCNT loadings in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The composites presented no cytotoxicity especially when the MWCNT loadings were above 1 wt%. We expect the composites can be used as degradable bio-coatings and tissue engineering scaffolds in future.     

3D elemental sensitive imaging using transmission X-ray microscopy

Determination of the heterogeneous distribution of metals in alloy/battery/catalyst and biological materials is critical to fully characterize and/or evaluate the functionality of the materials. Using synchrotron-based transmission x-ray microscopy (TXM), it is now feasible to perform nanoscale-resolution imaging over a wide X-ray energy range covering the absorption edges of many elements; combining elemental sensitive imaging with determination of sample morphology. We present an efficient and reliable methodology to perform 3D elemental sensitive imaging with excellent sample penetration (tens of microns) using hard X-ray TXM. A sample of an Al-Si piston alloy is used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method.     

高能X射线组合透镜聚焦性能的实验结果

高能X射线组合透镜是一种基于折射效应的新型X射线光学元件。报道了这种新型X射线光学元件聚焦性能的最新实验结果。设计的高能X射线组合透镜为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)材料,包括40个相同的、顺序排布的平凹折射单元,折射单元的球面半径为200μm,组合透镜的几何口径约为500μm,长度约为8 mm,焦距约为1.3 m。简要描述了PMMA材料X射线组合透镜的制作技术和制作过程。并给出了X射线组合透镜聚焦性能测试实验系统和实验条件。最后给出8 keV单色X射线辐射下,PMMA材料X射线组合透镜的聚焦性能的测试结果,对实际测试结果进行了分析和讨论,得出结论,焦距等参量与理论计算结果基本吻合。     

Nanostructured gold colloid electrode based on in situ functionalized self-assembled monolayers on gold electrode

A novel method for fabricating nanostructured gold colloid electrode based on in situ functionalization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on gold electrode is proposed. The in situ functionalization of 4-ATP SAMs yields a redox active monolayer of 4′-mercapto-N-phenylquinone diimine (NPQD). When the amino-rich surface is exposed to gold colloid, the citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be anchored onto the surface of the in situ functionalized electrode by the electrostatic interactions and a new nanostructured gold colloid surface was obtained. The mixed monolayers of in situ functionalized product, NPQD, and 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol (BDMT) can provide a more compact and order platform to fabricate GNPs on the electrode surface. The film formed by this technique has the advantages of high organization and uniformity, which could provide a desirable microenvironment to assemble GNPs and facilitate the concentration of the analyte from the bulk solution to the electrode surface. The nanostructured gold colloid electrode has favorable effect on the electrochemical oxidation of naphthol isomers.