亚像元动态成像技术中系统调制传递函数的数值分析

亚像元动态成像技术是目前实现遥感器小型化非常有效的新方法,因而研究亚像元动态成像系统的调制传递函数MTF显得非常必要和重要.介绍了亚像元动态成像的基本原理及成像过程,指出了光程差对亚像元动态成像系统MTF的影响.对亚像元动态成像系统的MTF进行了数值分析,并指出了亚像元动态成像系统的成像质量及空间分辨率与一般成像系统相比较的优点.     

基于高温超导量子干涉仪的超低场核磁共振成像研究

对基于高温超导量子干涉仪的低场核磁共振成像进行了较为系统的探索.首先对低场核磁共振系统进行了改进和完善,使得装置能够用于成像实验.在此基础上进行了一维、二维成像实验并取得了成功.二维成像分别采用了直接背投影成像法和傅里叶变换重建法.采用直接背投影方法成功获得了不同水样品分布的图形并与实物符合较好,同时还尝试对生物样品如青椒和芹菜的切片进行了成像,也得到了符合原物的二维投影像.尝试用傅里叶变换法对水样品进行成像,得到的图形能够显示样品轮廓,但信噪比偏低.对两种二维成像方法进行了比较和讨论.     

剪切光束成像技术对纵深目标的成像

剪切光束成像技术是一种能透过大气湍流对远距离目标实现高分辨率成像的主动成像技术.现有相关研究中所采用的目标均为二维平面目标,然而现实中的目标一般都具有三维形貌,目标纵深对回波信号产生的延迟或对成像质量产生不利影响.从剪切光束成像理论出发,在二维目标成像模型的基础上建立了三维纵深目标成像模型,并利用该模型研究了两剪切光与参考光间的频差及目标纵深对成像的影响.仿真结果表明,随着拍频的增大,重构图像质量逐渐下降.剪切光束成像技术可通过减小拍频来提高真实目标成像质量.     

大气湍流对空间目标偏振成像探测的影响

为研究大气湍流对空间目标偏振成像探测准确度的影响,构建了大气湍流影响下的偏振成像探测模型,并对大气湍流导致的空间目标偏振度探测偏差进行仿真分析.通过对分时和同时偏振成像方式进行仿真,发现大气湍流会对空间目标偏振成像探测准确度造成明显影响,且对分时偏振成像探测准确度的影响明显大于同时偏振成像方式.通过自适应系统校正部分低阶像差,能明显减小大气湍流对偏振成像探测准确度的影响.为了兼顾图像信噪比和大气湍流影响下的偏振成像探测准确度,给出了一种结合分时和同时成像方式的改进偏振成像探测方式,大气湍流对其的影响略大于同时偏振成像方式,但该方式图像信噪比明显优于同时偏振成像方法.另外仿真分析发现,采用多帧图像叠加能效减小大气湍流带来的空间目标偏振成像探测偏差,在使用分时偏振成像方式时效果尤为明显.     

上行链路大气波前畸变对剪切光束成像技术的影响

剪切光束成像（sheared-beam imaging,SBI）技术是一种利用三束剪切相干激光照明的非传统成像技术,该技术通过探测器阵列接收目标反射回波的散斑图进行计算成像,在对远距离暗弱目标高分辨率成像方面有着独特的优势.大气湍流引起的光束波前畸变是影响SBI成像质量的一个关键因素,因此本文从湍流引起的激光波前畸变对目标频谱信息提取的影响入手,建立了光束波前畸变对成像影响的理论模型.利用多层相位屏模型模拟了近地25 km大气对SBI光束传输的影响.通过计算机仿真,得到了不同激光发射孔径和不同成像距离时SBI的成像结果.仿真结果表明,选取合适的发射孔径尺寸可以有效缓解湍流对光束波前质量的影响,从而提升成像质量.在Hutchin的研究基础上,对孔径选择范围的已有研究成果进行了扩展与深化.给出了SBI系统发射孔径尺寸选取的建议,为SBI对不同高度目标成像的像质差异分析提供了参考.     

单臂压缩感知鬼成像的光强扩散函数分析法

为了提高单臂压缩感知鬼成像的成像质量,减少成像系统本身和外部环境的干扰,提出了一种光强扩散函数分析方法.在单臂压缩感知鬼成像原理的基础上分析了成像过程,指出降低成像质量的主要因素是菲涅尔衍射和大气湍流.针对这两个因素,推导并分析了光强度扩散函数的公式,研究透镜的焦距与口径之比和照明光源的波长对鬼成像的影响.仿真结果表明:在单臂压缩感知鬼成像中,使用焦距与尺寸半径之比在2~5范围内的成像投影透镜可以消除衍射效应的影响;短波长光源适用于大气湍流较弱时的成像,长波长光源在大气湍流较强时对干扰有更好的耐受能力.该方法可以有效地提高成像质量并优化成像系统.     

基于分子间多量子相干的矢量场磁共振成像模拟

对基于分子间多量子相干的矢量场成像进行了系统的模拟研究. 模拟结果表明：这类成像能够对几十微米量级的异质结构进行成像,并较好地抑制来自均匀介质的信号. 即使不存在梯度磁场情况下,通过相位循环该方法亦可实现对异质结构的成像. 这将有助于开拓基于分子间多量子相干成像的应用领域,深化对其成像机制的理解.     

缪子多模态成像图像质量分析

缪子多模态成像有效利用了宇宙线缪子与材料相互作用产生的散射信息以及产生次级诱发中子的缪子信息.为对缪子多模态成像图像质量进行分析,基于GEANT4程序设置了探测模型,从缪子多重库仑散射模块和缪子诱发中子模块两部分对探测模型可靠性进行了验证,开发了缪子多模态成像模拟程序,得到了重建图像.成像12 h可达到4 mm的空间分辨率,成像时间在小时量级可清晰分辨边长10 cm的²³⁵U立方体和其他常见的高、中、低原子序数材料立方体.经过12 h成像时间,包覆模型的缪子散射成像图像会造成误判,但缪子多模态成像图像能够正确反映²³⁵U材料存在.不同成像时间内,缪子多模态成像图像的结构相似性指标均优于单一成像方法成像图像.研究结果表明与缪子散射成像图像和诱发中子符合的缪子成像图像相比,缪子多模态成像图像有更好的成像质量,能够适应更复杂的成像场景,在特殊核材料的检测识别方面更有优势.     

编码孔径成像光谱仪光学系统设计

本文设计了一种以双Amici棱镜为分光元件的成像光谱系统,该系统主要包括前置望远物镜、编码板、双Amici棱镜、准直镜和成像镜.此类光学系统可以获得很高的衍射效率,相比于狭缝结构的成像光谱系统,该光谱仪为两维空间扩展的视场,无疑增加了设计难度.后期的数据反演算法对一次像面编码板的成像效果过于依赖,基于此,对光学系统的像差校正提出了更高的要求.本文设计、分析了基于双Amici棱镜的成像光谱仪的原理及特点,设计了一套完整的成像光谱系统.前置望远物镜的设计为像方远心,MTF在39线对处,达到0.8,成像质量良好.创新性的将前置望远物镜倒置用做准直系统.全系统各个波长在39线对处的MTF值均在0.65以上.对室外目标景物进行推扫成像,从获得的成像数据判断,本文设计的编码孔径成像光谱仪原理可行,衍射效率高,全视场成像质量良好,全谱段光谱数据可信.     

基于小型加速器的编码中子源成像研究

编码中子源成像可以在对中子注量率影响不大的情况下大大提高成像的准直比, 从而提高成像质量.北京大学开展了基于小型加速器的编码中子源成像技术研究工作. 不同于已有的基于反应堆的小面积编码板的研究工作, 北京大学建立了基于小型加速器的大面积编码板的编码中子源成像实验平台, 并对加速器中子源上的实验方法和数据处理进行了探索, 对比了重建算法, 获得了初步的重建照片.研究工作表明, 编码中子源成像技术可用于加速器中子源, 但重建图像质量仍须提高. 关键词： 加速器中子源 中子成像 编码源成像 图像重建     

Effects of Contrast and Character Size upon Legibility of Japanese Text Stimuli Presented on Visual Display Terminal

We examined effects of contrast and character size upon legibility of Japanese text stimuli presented on visual display terminal (VDT). In the experiment, three different character sizes were employed and the text stimulus was presented under a variety of conditions where contrast between the text and the background changed. Reading speed and the rate of readable characters were measured. Subjective rating for legibility was also evaluated. Results showed that legibility increases with luminance contrast for all character sizes examined here. A strong correlation was found between the subjective rating index and reading speed.     

Studying stacking faults in SiC by the XBIC method using a laboratory X-ray source

Using the X-ray-beam-induced current (XBIC) method, stacking faults in hexagonal silicon carbide 4H-SiC are studied. It is shown that the XBIC method using a laboratory source makes it possible to reveal extended defects in samples with a submicron diffusion length and anomalous bright contrast. The fault contrast is measured and compared with the contrast obtained in the electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) method. Discussion of the obtained results is presented.     

High contrast multi-pass Fabry-Perot interferometer

A technique for improving the contrast ratio of a Fabry-Perot spectrometer is presented. Using triplepasses of radiation through a mesh-reflector Fabry-Perot it is shown how the contrast ratio may be improved by orders of magnitude. Experimental verification has been demonstrated and the application of the technique to specific cases of interest discussed briefly. Overall improvement in finesse as well as contrast ratio has been achieved with only small loss in transmission.     

Spatial degradation of pulse contrast in the focal plane for pulsed laser beams from chirped-pulse amplification system

A two-dimension model is presented to analyze the spatial dependence of pulse contrast in the focal plane. The parameters of the SHENGUANG (SG) II laser system are demonstrated as examples. Comparing with the degradation in the beam centroid, the pulse contrast degrades more seriously in the transverse. This spatial degradation of pulse contrast can be improved, such as by controlling the spatial spectrum clipping.     

Phase contrast image synthesis

A new method is presented for synthesizing arbitrary intensity patterns based on phase contrast imaging. The concept is grounded on an extension of the Zernike phase contrast method into the domain of full range [0; 2π] phase modulation. By controlling the average value of the input phase function and by choosing appropriate phase retardation at the phase contrast filter, a pure phase to intensity imaging is accomplished. The method presented is also directly applicable in dark field image synthesis.     

Feasibility of ultrasound phase contrast for heating localization

Ultrasound-based methods for temperature monitoring could greatly assist focused ultrasound visualization and treatment planning based on sound speed-induced change in phase as a function of temperature. A method is presented that uses reflex transmission integration, planar projection, and tomographic reconstruction techniques to visualize phase contrast by measuring the sound field before and after heat deposition. Results from experiments and numerical simulations employing a through-transmission setup are presented to demonstrate feasibility of using phase contrast methods for identifying temperature change. A 1.088-MHz focused transducer was used to interrogate a medium with a phase contrast feature, following measurement of the baseline reference field with a hydrophone. A thermal plume in water and a tissue phantom with multiple water columns was used in separate experiments to produce a phase contrast. The reference and phase contrast field scans were numerically backprojected and the phase difference correctly identified the position and orientation of the features. The peak temperature reconstructed from the phase shift was within 0.2 degrees C of the measured temperature in the plume. Simulated results were in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, employment of reflex transmission imaging techniques for adopting a pulse-echo arrangement was simulated, and its future experimental application is discussed.     

3D acousto-optic modulated-speckle imaging in biological tissues

A parallel, 64K-channel implementation of the acousto-optic method of imaging optical contrasts buried in organs is presented. This implementation also associates this method with echography in a single apparatus. This allows us to prove that sensitivity to purely optical contrast is achieved. Moreover, this enables any potential user to distinguish easily optical contrast, acoustic contrast, and mixtures of both. We plan to improve this prototype with a view to future use by physicians in a hospital environment.     

On enhancement of spectral contrast in speech for hearing-impaired listeners

A digital processing method is described for altering spectral contrast (the difference in amplitude between spectral peaks and valleys) in natural utterances. Speech processed with programs implementing the contrast alteration procedure was presented to listeners with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. The task was a three alternative (/b/,/d/, or /g/) stop consonant identification task for consonants at a fixed location in short nonsense utterances. Overall, tokens with enhanced contrast showed moderate gains in percentage correct stop consonant identification when compared to unaltered tokens. Conversely, reducing spectral contrast generally reduced percent correct stop consonant identification. Contrast alteration effects were inconsistent for utterances containing /d/. The observed contrast effects also interacted with token intelligibility.     

A contrast source method for nonlinear acoustic wave fields in media with spatially inhomogeneous attenuation

Experimental data reveals that attenuation is an important phenomenon in medical ultrasound. Attenuation is particularly important for medical applications based on nonlinear acoustics, since higher harmonics experience higher attenuation than the fundamental. Here, a method is presented to accurately solve the wave equation for nonlinear acoustic media with spatially inhomogeneous attenuation. Losses are modeled by a spatially dependent compliance relaxation function, which is included in the Westervelt equation. Introduction of absorption in the form of a causal relaxation function automatically results in the appearance of dispersion. The appearance of inhomogeneities implies the presence of a spatially inhomogeneous contrast source in the presented full-wave method leading to inclusion of forward and backward scattering. The contrast source problem is solved iteratively using a Neumann scheme, similar to the iterative nonlinear contrast source (INCS) method. The presented method is directionally independent and capable of dealing with weakly to moderately nonlinear, large scale, three-dimensional wave fields occurring in diagnostic ultrasound. Convergence of the method has been investigated and results for homogeneous, lossy, linear media show full agreement with the exact results. Moreover, the performance of the method is demonstrated through simulations involving steered and unsteered beams in nonlinear media with spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous attenuation.     

Spectral contrast imaging microscopy

We introduce a new technique, spectral contrast imaging microscopy (SCIM), for super-resolution microscopic imaging. Based on a novel contrast mechanism that encodes each local spatial frequency with a corresponding optical wavelength, SCIM provides a real-time high-resolution spectral contrast microscopic image with superior contrast. We show that two microscopic objects, separated by a distance smaller than the diffraction limit of the optical system, can be spatially resolved in the SCIM image as different colors. Results with numerical simulation and experiments using a high-resolution United States Air Force target are presented. The ability of SCIM for imaging biological cells is also demonstrated.