新型功能碳材料的高压截获

高性能功能材料在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景,是人们一直关注的研究热点。高压可以有效地改变物质的原子间距和成键方式,是获得新型功能材料的重要途径。在碳材料的高压研究中,许多有趣的功能碳材料,如光学透明碳、高强度弹性碳和超硬非晶碳等,已经通过不同的碳前驱体合成。本文简要介绍了作者近年来在低维碳基纳米复合材料高压研究中取得的进展,基于设计的不同低维碳前驱体,高压下截获了具有超硬特性、新型压致共价聚合及发光增强的碳材料。     

液体调谐减振器的分析

本文利用Ｌａｍｂ变换，考虑液体的粘性，略去二维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程中的非线性预后，建立了频域内Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｒｅｓ方程的边界积分表达式，完整地处理了边界条件（包括自由面边界条件和固壁边界条件）并且给出了液体随结构振动时的附加质量与阻尼的计算表达式。     

线性船舶兴波阻力边界元新方法

采用常数边界元对船舶与流体界面进行离散，求解船舶兴波势及船舶兴波阻力。这种方法可避免在船舶与流体自由面交线上安置节点，因而避免了这些节点建立补充方程。因为满足自由面条件的Ｈａｖｅｌｏｃｋ源函数的源点和场点不能同时在自由面上，使得自由面上的节点无法用Ｈａｖｅｌｏｃｋ源函数的建立方程。如对自由面交线上的节点建立补充方程，则要对线性自由面条件中包含的未知势函数的二阶导数用差分形式表达，引入较大误差。     

YVO_4∶Eu~(3+)@SiO_2核壳结构纳米复合材料的合成与表征

用沉淀法制备了尺寸约为8 nm的YVO4∶Eu3+纳米粒子,然后用反相微乳液法在YVO4∶Eu3+纳米粒子的表面包覆了一层Si O2壳。利用XRD、TEM、UV-Vis吸收光谱和光致发光光谱对合成的样品进行了表征。得到的复合物具有较好的核壳结构,通过改变硅酸四乙酯的用量可以改变Si O2壳的厚度。研究了Si O2壳对YVO4∶Eu3+发光性质的影响,结果表明:包覆和未包覆的样品在紫外光激发下都有Eu3+的特征发射;随着Si O2壳厚度的增加,发光强度和量子效率越来越低,Eu3+格位对称性越来越高。     

基于原油中金刚烷指纹半定量分析进行原油鉴别

采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,建立了原油中金刚烷化合物内标法半定量的分析方法,确定了基于谱图特征和计算保留指数的组分定性方法,对26种单金刚烷、双金刚烷化合物进行了定性与定量分析.对不同地理位置海上油井平台6个原油金刚烷指纹进行了分析.研究表明,原油中单金刚烷总含量在200～1200 μg/g之间,双金刚烷总...     

量子点接触中的电导与热功率：磁场与温度的影响

在有限温度和不同磁场下，精确计算了各种鞍形量子点接触中的量子化电导和热功率.量子点接触的形状影响体系的量子化特征.随磁场的增加，量子化电导的台阶加宽，热功率共振峰之间的距离加长，共振峰的数量减少.当温度升高时，电导的量子化被破坏，热功率的峰状结构也逐渐消失. 关键词： 量子点接触 量子化电导 热功率 磁场     

硅探测器的数字化脉冲形状甄别

介绍了利用硅探测器的脉冲形状甄别进行粒子鉴别的原理。详细叙述了基于数字化方法的脉冲形状甄别的实现。采样频率和位数是数字化方法的两个重要参数。对于硅探测器信号,采用100 MS/s,12 bit的Digitizer可以满足脉冲形状甄别法对时间分辨的要求。同时对该方法粒子鉴别的特征和能量阈值做了简要的分析和对比。粒子背面入射硅探测器的所得的阈值低于正面入射的情况。例如对于氖周围的同位素,背面入射情况的阈值约为100 MeV,为正面入射情况下鉴别阈值的二分之一,相当与ΔE-E方法中ΔE探测器厚度约为60 μm情况下的阈值。最后定性讨论了硅探测器的电阻率不均匀性和沟道效应对粒子鉴别性能的影响。In this paper Pulse Shape Discrimination(PSD) for silicon detector has been briefly introduced. The emerging digital method successfully applied to detector signal processing makes digital PSD method one of the most promising particle identification methods. Sampling frequency and the number of bits are two key parameters of digital method. For silicon detector signal, adopting 100 Ms/s, 12 bit Digitizer can satisfy the time resolution requirement of PSD method. The identification characteristic and energy threshold of this method have been discussed and compared with both front injection and rear injection cases. Energy threshold with rear injection usually is much lower than that with front injection. For example, around for Neon isotope energy threshold with rear injection is about 100 MeV which is only half of the threshold with front injection, also equivalent to thickness of about 60 μm silicon detector threshold in ΔE-E method. At the end the impact of silicon detector's resistivity nonuniformity and channel effect on the identification capacity of PSD method has been discussed in detail.     

20Mgβ衰变谱学与15O(α,γ)19Ne反应(英文)

15O（α,γ）19Ne（p,γ）20Na反应链是高温CNO循环向快速质子俘获过程突破的一条关键路径,相关的反应率输入量可通过20Mg的β衰变可布居19Ne共振态并测量其衰变性质来获得。通过高效率高精度地测量20Mg β衰变中产生的质子与γ射线得到了20Mg衰变的详细信息,并构建了完整的衰变纲图,还进行了19Ne 4 033 keV共振态衰变性质的探索,获得了该态在20Mg β衰变中被布居的分支比上限。通过比20Mg和20O镜像能级跃迁的结果确认了同位旋非对称性,为检验相关理论模型提供了精确的实验数据。对于突破路径中有重要影响的19Ne 4 033 keV共振态的性质,有待更高统计的实验进一步研究。The breakout from the hot CNO cycle to the rapid proton capture process can occur via the 15O(α,γ)19Ne(p,γ)20Na reaction sequence, and the β decay of 20Mg can be used as an alternative method to characterize some specific resonances, which will provide detailed nuclear structure input for reaction rate calculations. The reliable information on the decay properties and structure of 20Mg was obtained by measuring the emitted particles and γ-rays in the β decay with high efficiency and high resolution. Attempt was also made to search for the decay channels associated with the 4 033 keV resonance in 19Ne. To test fundamental symmetries, the transitions in the mirror decays of 20Mg and 20O were compared. The precise experimental data presented here would be important to constrain the theoretical calculations. It is desirable to clarify the astrophysically relevant problem by further experiments with improved statistics on the basis of the present work.     

微米晶单斜氧化锆高压相变制备亚微米四方多晶氧化锆

高压相变已逐渐发展成为一种制备纳米/亚微米多晶陶瓷块体材料的有效方法。高压可以抑制原子的长程扩散进而抑制晶粒长大,高压下截获的新相不受初始材料晶粒尺寸的制约,通过热力学调控可以得到晶粒尺寸更小的多晶块体材料。陶瓷材料在特定热力学条件下通常会发生相变,新相的形成要经历形核、生长的过程。采用晶粒尺寸为2μm的单斜ZrO2与晶粒尺寸为50 nm的Y2O3以97:3的摩尔比混合,在5.5 GPa、800～1700℃温压区间内对初始材料进行烧结,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜对所得样品进行表征。研究结果表明:高压下截获了单斜相和亚微米四方相复合的多晶ZrO2块体材料,1200、1400、1600和1700℃温度下获得的四方相的平均晶粒尺寸为(145±62) nm、(246±165) nm、(183±62) nm和(245±107) nm。利用高压相变以微米晶制备细晶粒多晶块体材料,可以避免常规方法中以纳米粉末为初始材料制备细晶粒多晶块体材料存在的团聚、吸附及晶粒长大的问题,进而发展一种以微米晶为初始材料通过高压相变制备高性能细晶粒多晶块体材料的方法。     

Investigation of the near-threshold cluster resonance in ~(14)C

An experiment for p(~(14)C,~(14)C~*→~(10)Be+α)p inelastic excitation and decay was performed in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 25.3 Me V/u.A series of~(14)C excited states,including a new one at 18.3(1)Me V,were observed which decay to various states of the final nucleus of~(10)Be.A specially designed telescope system,installed around zero degrees,played an essential role in detecting the resonant states near theα-separation threshold.A state at 14.1(1)Me V is clearly identified,being consistent with the predicted band-head of the molecular rotational band characterized by theπ-bond linear chain configuration.Further clarification of the properties of this exotic state is suggested by using appropriate reaction tools.