微波消解-ICP-MS法测定硫磺中18种微量元素

建立了用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定硫磺中18种微量元素(锂、镁、铝、钙、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、镉、砷、硒、钡、铅和汞)的定量分析方法。通过对消解所用试剂及条件进行研究,确定最佳的样品处理条件;为了获得最佳的信噪比并降低光谱干扰,研究采用单变量方法,对ICP-MS的射频功率和雾化气体流量等因素进行了性能优化。结果显示：该方法各元素的校准曲线线性相关系数在0.999以上,所有元素的检出限(LODs) 在0.001-0.962 mg/Kg之间,测定下限范围在0.004-3.85 mg/Kg之间,回收率在82.9 %~115 %之间,相对标准偏差均小于3 %。     

炭黑负载Pt-Sn双金属催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化性能

采用一步还原法(乙二醇为还原剂)与两步还原法(在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP保护下,先用硼氢化钠还原制备Sn溶胶,沉积Pt后用乙二醇还原)制备了炭黑负载Pt-Sn双金属催化剂,利用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了催化剂制备方法、Pt/Sn原子比、溶液p H值、PVP/Sn质量比、反应介质等对乙醇室温电催化氧化活性和稳定性的影响.以X光衍射、透射电镜及电化学活性面积测定对所得催化剂进行了表征.发现引入Sn明显提高了Pt催化剂对乙醇的电催化活性与稳定性,两步还原法得到的Pt3Sn/C催化剂具有更小的颗粒尺寸,更大的电化学活性面积及更高的乙醇氧化活性与稳定性.与酸性介质相比,该催化剂在碱性介质中的电化学活性更好.     

表面等离子体子共振传感器用于研究不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子性质

利用自行设计组装的以白色发光二极管为光源的表面等离子体子共振传感器实验装置, 检测了不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子连接靶向DNA与生物素化DNA探针的结合程度. 结果表明, 与聚苯乙烯磁性微球连接的靶向DNA相比, Fe3O4@SiO2核壳式纳米微球连接的靶向DNA与生物素化的DNA探针结合速率较快, 且其相对标准偏差较小.     

氢化物-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定原煤中的的痕量砷和硒

１引言 煤是我国的主要能源,经燃烧炉排放的砷,硒等易挥发元素对大气产生较严重污染但因煤的成分复杂特殊,且砷,硒含量较低,试样处理及分析测试均较困难。本文研究使用了烧结分解法分解砷,湿法 ＨＦ＋ ＨＮＯ３＋ ＨＣｌＯ３分解硒后采用氢化物－电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ＨＧ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＩＳ）测定。结果令人满意。２实验部分２．１主要试剂与仪器美国 Ｔｈｅｒｍｏ Ｊａｒｒｅｌｌ Ａｓｈ公司 Ｔｒａｃｅ　 Ｓｃａｎ电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和 Ｔ－ＰＨＤ氢化物发生器。砷（Ⅲ）,硒（Ⅳ）标准溶液,艾氏剂,１．５％硼氢化…     

Pd／C催化松节油异构反应过程分析

松节油是经松脂蒸馏分离出的中性油,其主要组分是α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯(C10H16)双环单萜烯[1].蒎烯可以开环异构为柠烯、莰烯单环萜烯.     

蒙脱土负载碘催化多组分合成咪唑衍生物

以苯偶酰(1)、苯甲醛(2a)、苯胺(3)和醋酸铵（4)为原料,蒙脱土负载碘和三乙烯二胺（DABCO）为催化剂,通过多组分法合成了6种1,2,4,5-四芳基-1,3-咪唑衍生物,其结构经¹H NMR和IR确证。对反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：在最优反应条件｛以10 mol%MMT/I₂为催化剂,10 mol%DABCO为碱,正丁醇为溶剂,原料配比r［n(1）：n(2a) ：n(3) ：n(4)］=1.0：2.0：2.0：8.0,于110 ℃反应16 h｝下,产率最高为91.5%。     

4种动物药水提液中3种嘌呤碱HPLC法测定

以甲醇/水为流动相,反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测器测定了乌蛇、蟾蜍、土虫、地龙水提取液中黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤的含量,对样品提取和高效液相色谱条件进行了优化。 黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤的检出限分别为0.012×10-6、0.041×10-6、0.042×10-6 g/mL,样品分析的日内测定相对标准偏差分别小于4.1%、7.3%、4.5%,日间测定相对标准偏差分别小于5.8%、2.9%、3.1%,平均加标回收率为94%～107%。     

活性白土催化松香反应产物的GC-MS分析

把活性白土上松香催化反应产物分离为酸性物和中性物,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分别对各部分化学组成进行定性定量分析.结果表明,活性白土上松香主要进行脱氢、脱羧及裂解反应,其产物中的酸性物共分离出2个峰,主要成分是脱氢枞酸,含量为99.61%;中性物共分离出35个峰,初步鉴定出其中33个组分,大部分为甾族类化合物和环烯烃类化合物,主要成分是5α-雄甾烷、1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢化-1S-(1α)-蓝烃、松香酸甲酯和(-)-石竹烯,含量分别为18.75%、13.00%、12.53%和11.74%.     

Evolution of donations on scale-free networks during a COVID-19 breakout

Having a large number of timely donations during the early stages of a COVID-19 breakout would normally be considered rare. Donation is a special public goods game with zero yield for donors, and it has the characteristics of the prisoners' dilemma. This paper discusses why timely donations in the early stages of COVID-19 occurred. Based on the idea that donation is a strategy adopted by players during interconnection on account of their understanding of the environment, donation-related populations are placed on social networks and the inter-correlation structures in the population are described by scale-free networks. Players in donation-related populations are of four types: donors, illegal beneficiaries, legal beneficiaries, and inactive people. We model the evolutionary game of donation on a scale-free network. Donors, illegal beneficiaries and inactive people learn and update strategies under the Fermi update rule, whereas the conversion between legal beneficiaries and the other three types is determined by the environment surrounding the players. We study the evolution of cooperative action when the agglomeration coefficient, the parameters of the utility function, the noise intensity, the utility coefficient, the donation coefficient and the initial states of the population on the scale-free network change. For population sizes of 50, 100, 150, and 200, we give the utility functions and the agglomeration coefficients for promoting cooperation and study the corresponding steady states and structural characteristics of the population. We identify the best ranges of the noise intensity K, the donation coefficient α and the utility coefficient β for promoting cooperation at different population sizes. Furthermore, with the increase of the population size, the donor traps are found. At the same time, it is discovered that the initial states of the population have a great impact on the steady states; thus the upper and lower triangle phenomena are proposed. We also find that the population size itself is also an important factor for promoting donation, pointing out the direction of efforts to further promote donation and achieve better social homeostasis under the donation model.