Oxygen vacancy control of electrical,optical, and magnetic properties of Fe0.05Ti0.95O2 epitaxial films

High-quality Fe-doped TiO₂ films are epitaxially grown on MgF₂ substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra prove that they are of pure rutile phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further demonstrates that the epitaxial relationship between rutile-phased TiO₂ and MgF₂ substrates is 110 TiO₂₂. The room temperature ferromagnetism is detected by alternative gradient magnetometer. By increasing the ambient oxygen pressure, magnetization shows that it decreases monotonically while absorption edge shows a red shift. The transport property measurement demonstrates a strong correlation between magnetization and carrier concentration. The influence of ambient oxygen pressure on magnetization can be well explained by a modified bound magnetization polarization model.     

实时磁性测试深入理解锂离子电池中的过渡金属催化作用

催化剂由于具有降低电化学过电位和改善动力学条件的能力,在各种储能器件中起着至关重要的作用.在锂离子电池中,首圈放电过程中形成的固体电解质界面膜,通常被认为是一旦形成就稳定不分解的.而在过渡金属的催化下,这种电解质分解衍生的聚合物凝胶状膜(PGF)能可逆地形成和分解.这种过渡金属催化机制可以进行催化储锂,即形成的PGF具...     

基于FPGA的单光子雪崩光电二极管的标定系统

目前单光子雪崩光电二极管的标定系统主要是通过分立的通用测试仪器搭建而成。由于单光子雪崩光电二极管的工作模式存在多样化的特点,因此使用该方法搭建的标定系统具有缺乏兼容性、复杂度高、集成化程度低等不足。针对这些问题,本文发展了一种基于现场可编程门阵列的,可以兼容各种雪崩抑制模式的,高度集成化的多种材料体系器件兼容的单光子雪崩光电二极管标定系统。该系统使用现场可编程门阵列替代函数发生器、脉冲产生器和计数器等仪器设备,并利用现场可编程门阵列实现不同雪崩抑制模式下雪崩光电二极管的驱动电路和标定光源的智能切换,从而大幅提高了系统的兼容性和集成化程度,也进一步降低了系统的复杂度、提高了系统的稳定度。文中,我们利用该系统对工作在主动抑制模式的硅雪崩光电二极管和门控盖革模式的铟镓砷/铟磷雪崩光电二极管进行了标定实验。标定结果显示所标定的硅雪崩光电二极管的最大探测效率为49.82%,对应暗计数为1.41kHz;铟镓砷/铟磷雪崩光电二极管的最大探测效率为7.14%,对应暗计数为831 Hz,在探测效率为5%时,后脉冲的概率为5.84%。实验结果表明,我们为单光子雪崩光电二极管标定提供了一种便捷的一体化解决方案,提高了单光子雪崩光电二极管的标定效率和标定系统的实用化程度。     

Near-Range Large Field-of-View Three-Dimensional Photon-Counting Imaging with a Single-Pixel Si-Avalanche Photodiode

Large field-of-view(FoV) three-dimensional(3 D) photon-counting imaging is demonstrated with a single-pixel single-photon detector based on a Geiger-mode Si-avalanche photodiode. By removing the collecting lens(CL)before the detector, the FoV is expanded to ±10°. Thanks to the high detection efficiency, the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging system is as high as 7.8 dB even without the CL when the average output laser pulse energy is about 0.45 pJ/pulse for imaging the targets at a distance of 5 m. A 3 D image overlaid with the reflectivity data is obtained according to the photon-counting time-of-flight measurement and the return photon intensity.     

白天单光子探测激光测距

单光子探测激光测距是实现远距离高精度测距的一种重要方法。由于白天的背景噪声约为夜晚的100万倍,传统的单光子探测器白天极易饱和甚至损坏,单光子探测激光测距在白光背景噪声环境中非常难识别微弱的回波信号。本文发展了一种基于FP标准具滤光的单光子探测激光测距装置,采用532 nm窄带干涉滤光片和线宽为10 pm的FP标准具进行二级滤光,并且通过压电旋转台驱动FP标准具,使其中心波长与激光波长锁定,保持最大的透过率。该测距装置有效地降低了白光背景噪声,采用PMT单光子探测器,在532 nm波段实现了白天单光子探测激光测距。在实验中,阳光照度为1.1×10~4 lx时,背景光噪声计数被抑制到900 kcps,探测距离为1.4 km时,信噪比可达16 dB。     

基于双模式探测器的大动态范围激光测距EI北大核心CSCD

开发了一种基于双模式探测的大动态范围激光测距方法.使用基于硅雪崩光电二极管（APD）的单个探测器在线性模式与盖革模式之间切换,实现了平均光子数为1~105的大动态强度范围光信号探测.在此基础上,进行了30m的室内线性探测模式测距和500m的室外盖革探测模式测距实验,利用时间相关单光子计数设备记录的信号详细分析了两种模式测距的时间特性,证明了这种方法可以根据探测距离和背景环境进行探测模式切换,从而实现大动态范围激光测距.并且进一步分析了APD偏置电压的调节对测距系统测量精度以及探测背景噪声的影响.     

Photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation lidar system using superconducting nanowire single-photon detector at 1550-nm wavelength

We demonstrate a photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation(CAM) light detection and ranging(lidar) system incorporating a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(SNSPD) and operated at a wavelength of 1550 nm.The distance accuracy of the lidar system was determined by the CAM bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of an intermediate frequency(IF) signal. Owing to a short dead time(10 ns) and negligible dark count rate(70 Hz) of the SNSPD, the obtained IF signal attained an SNR of 42 d B and the direct distance accuracy was improved to 3 mm when the modulation bandwidth of the CAM signal was 240 MHz and the modulation period was 1 ms.     

A Photon-Counting Full-Waveform Lidar

We present the results of using a photon-eounting full-waveform lidar to obtain detailed target information with high accuracy.The parameters of the waveforms(i.e.,vertical structure,peak position,peak amplitude,peak width and backscatter cross section)are derived with a high resolution limit of 31 mm to establish the vertical structure and scattering properties of targets,which contribute to the recognition and classification of various scatterers.The photon-counting full-waveform lidar has higher resolution than linear-mode full-waveform lidar,and it can obtain more specific target information compared to photon-counting discrete-point lidar,which can provide a potential alternative technique for tomographic surveying and mapping.     

Electrochemical Role of Transition Metals in Sn–Fe Alloy Revealed by Operando Magnetometry

As promising materials, alloy-type anode materials have been intensively investigated in both academia and industry. To release huge volume expansion during alloying/dealloying process, they are usually doped with transition metals. However, the electrochemical role of transition metals has not been fully understood. Here,pure Sn₃Fe films were deposited by sputtering, and the electrochemical mechanism was systematically investigated by operando magnetometry. We confirmed that Fe parti...