中国仓鼠/人杂种细胞克隆分布板的初建及其鉴定

本文运用G分带和Giemsa-11分化染色相结合的染色技术,以及18条染色体上标记酶的测定方法,对六个中国仓鼠与人的淋巴细胞所形成的杂种细胞(14-7-1,14-3-3,10-20 16-33,16-16和E4E)进行了详细的分析,建立了部分的杂种细胞克隆分布板。由此,可对人的4,5,8,11,12,20以及22号染色体上的基因进行定位。其中4,5,8和12号染色体都具有不同的缺失部分,因此又可以对这些染色体上的基因进行精细的区域定位。     

转染人凝血因子Ⅸ cDNA的血友病B患者皮肤成纤维细胞在小鼠体内的高效表达

本文报道了一个带有增强子的人巨细胞病毒(hCMV)启动子和人凝血因子ⅨcDNA的双拷贝反转录病毒载体(double-copy retroviral vector)-N2CMVIX的构建,转染PA317包装细胞后再离体感染血友病B患者皮肤成纤维细胞,可产生具有凝血活性的Ⅸ因子蛋白高达3420 ng/10~6细胞/24 h。将这些转染人Ⅸ因子cDNA的成纤维细胞包埋于胶原,植入小鼠皮下或腹腔内,人凝血因子Ⅸ蛋白表达最高值达105 ng/ml血浆,可在小鼠体内持续表达12天,其中90％以上的Ⅸ因子具有凝血话性,为血友病B基因治疗临床试验提供了一条可行的技术路线。     

成纤维细胞基因治疗血友病B的临床Ⅰ期试验

本文首次报道了以皮肤成纤维细胞为靶细胞,对血友病B患者实施基因治疗的监床Ⅰ期试验。首先用构建有人凝血因子Ⅸ cDNA的反转录病毒载体(XL-Ⅸ和N2 CMV-Ⅸ)感染血友病B患者皮肤成纤维细胞(HBSF),选择得到表达有人Ⅸ因子蛋白的细胞,而后进行一系列安全性检测,包括细胞连续传代形态观察;染色体分析,软琼脂试验;裸鼠接种试验;胶原过敏试验;内毒素试验等,在确定表达人Ⅸ因子蛋白的细胞的安全性后,大量扩增细胞,最后,细胞用胶原包埋,直接注射到血友病B患者腹部或背部皮下。患者1体内凝血因子IX浓度从71ng/ml上升到约240 ng/ml,至今维持在220ng/ml,持续表达6个月,凝血因子Ⅸ的凝血活性也从2.9％上升到6.3％,该患者的临床症状改善;患者2体内凝血因子Ⅸ浓度亦从130 ng/ml上升到约280 ng/ml,至今维持在220 ng/ml,持续表达5个多月,但活性增加不稳定。两名受试者至今没有发现任何副作用和危害,正在随访之中。我们认为反转录病毒介导的基因转移自体皮肤成纤维细胞,用胶原包埋,皮下移植是安全可靠的,也是简便易行的,从而成功地完成了血友病B基因治疗的临床Ⅰ期试验。     

人凝血因子Ⅸ在家兔体内的持续表达

本文报道用构建有人凝血因子Ⅸ cDNA的重组质粒(pCMV Ⅸ)或重组反转录病毒(XLⅨ和N2CMVⅨ)转染家兔原代培养的皮肤成纤维细胞(RSF),经过选择后将转有人Ⅸ因子cDNA的细胞包埋于胶原基质,然后进行自体或同种异体移植。腹腔移植有RSF-XLⅨ转化细胞的家兔血浆中人Ⅸ因子表达水平可达100ng/ml,表达持续5个半月;腹腔移植有RSF-pCMVⅨ细胞的家兔血浆中人Ⅸ因子水平可高达2.95ng/ml,表达至今已超过10个月,而且仍在继续检测中。在移植方法上,我们做了进一步改进,将收缩后的细胞胶原块移植改为细胞胶原液注射,使移植方法更简便有效,无需进行手术,用此法皮下移植有RSF-N2CMVⅨ转化细胞的家兔血浆中,人Ⅸ因子表达水平可高达480ng/ml,表达至今已有3个多月,其持续表达的趋势仍很乐观,为基因治疗的临床试验提供了一条更加切实可行的技术路线。     

Stage Ⅰ Clinical Trial of Gene Therapy for Hemophilia B

This paper describes the first human gene therapy trial for hemophilia B. Retroviruses were used to introduce human factor Ⅸ into autologous, primary human skin fibroblasts from the patients. Recombinant retroviral vector containing human FIX cDNA driven by viral LTR promoter (XL-Ⅸ) and double-copy retroviral vector driven by human cytomegalovirus enhancer-promoter (N2CMV-Ⅸ)were constructed. After the safety assessment, including soft-agar test, cell morphology observation, analysis of endotoxin, chromosome karyotype, allergic reaction test, nude mice test, routine pathological test, electromicroscopic analysis, and virus detection by PCR, etc., the engineered cells were pooled and embedded in collagen mixture, autologously injected into the patients respectively. The concentration of human FIX protein of Patient 1 increased from 71 ng/ml to 220 ng/ml, witha maximum level of 245 ng/ml. The expression of FIX has lasted for 6 months at the time of writing. The clotting activity also increased from 2.9%     

Long-Term Expression of Human Factor Ⅸ cDNA in Rabbits

In this study, rabbits were used as a model for gene therapy for hemophilia B, Human factor Ⅸ cDNA was transferred to cultured normal rabbit skin fibroblasts (RSF) by a recombinant plasmid (pCMVIX) or retrovirus(XL-IX or N2CMVIX) constructed in our laboratoy. Infected fibroblasts capable of synthesizing and secreting high levels of biologically active human factor Ⅸ protein were selected and embedded in a collagen matrix. The latter was surgically implanted into rabbits as autografts or allografts. Human factor Ⅸ protein was detected in the plasma of all the grafted rabbits, and its expression has been maintained for more than 10 months at the time of writing. In addition, we have improved and simplified the method of implantation from surgically grafting the tissue-like matrix to the injection of the infected cell-collagen mixture subcutaneously. Using the latter method, human factor Ⅸ in rabbits injected with RSF-N2CMVIX reached a peak of 480 ng/ml plasma, and its expression has continued for more     

Expression of Human Factor Ⅸ cDNA in Mice by Implants of Genetically Modified Skin Fibroblasts From a Hemophilia B Patient

Double-copy retroviral vector containing human factor Ⅸ cDNA driven by human cytomegalovirus enhancer-promoter was constructed. The vector was introduced into the amphotropic packaging cell line PA317. The recombinant virus produced in PA317 was used to transduce skin fibroblasts from a hemophilia B patient. The infected cells produced high levels of biologically active human factor Ⅸ at a rate of 3420 ng/10~6 cells/24 h. These cells were embedded in a collagen matrix and implanted into the peritoneal cavity or subcutaneous space of mice. It was demonstrated that human factor Ⅸ was produced by the implants for at least 12 days in vivo, reaching a peak of 105 ng/ml plasma. Over 90% of the protein was functionally active. This technique has the potential to be developed into a new approach for gene therapy for hemophilia B.     

ESTABLISHMENT OF A HUMAN/CHINESE HAMSTER HYBRID CLONE PANEL

Combined with the chromosome G-banding, followed by Ciemsa-11 techniques and chromosomalmarker isozyme analysis, 6 out of 200 subclones have been analyzed in detail. A primary hybrid clonepanel has been established, which can be used to map genes on chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 12, 20 and 22.Since the panel contains deleted chromosomes 4, 5, 8 and 12, genes on these chromosomes can be map-ped regionally.