基于耦合声场建模的膨胀腔消声器声学性能分析及试验

针对圆柱形膨胀腔消声器三维建模及声学性能分析问题, 提出一种基于切比雪夫变分原理的耦合声场建模方法, 建立三维圆柱形膨胀腔消声器理论模型并搭建试验台架, 传递损失试验结果验证了理论模型的准确性. 将膨胀腔消声器内部声场分解为多个子声场, 基于子声场间压力与质点振速连续性条件, 推导声场耦合变分公式, 构建子声场拉格朗日泛函. 将子声场声压函数展开为切比雪夫-傅里叶级数形式, 通过瑞利-里兹法求解膨胀腔消声器频率、声压响应及传递损失. 计算并对比分析扩张比、扩张腔长度、进出口管偏置对膨胀腔消声器消声性能的影响. 结果表明: 扩张比增大会有效提高消声器在低频段的消声性能, 进出口管的偏置对消声器消声性能影响很小.     

阻性管道消声器消声量方程的一个新算法

将阻性管道消声器消声量特征方程（组）转化为常微分方程（组），由此给出消声量计算的一个新方法。该方法毋需迭代因而不存在计算稳定性问题，计算量小，初值的迭取也很简单，适合于扁矩形、任意矩形及圆形等各种截面管道消声器，尤其对多变量、考虑平均流影响的情形更为有效。     

一种微穿孔板消声器

本文根据马大猷教授提出的“微穿孔板吸声体精确理论”，在对微穿孔板消声器结构参数与吸声特性之间的相互影响进行了分析的基础上，设计了微穿孔板消声器并将其应用在新舟60飞机APU(辅助动力装置)降噪的实际工程中，并通过编写的噪音数据采集分析程序，对降噪效果进行了测试和分析，验证出微穿孔板消声器对消除飞机的APU的排气噪声具有良好的消声效果，平均降噪7．16dB。     

GA optimization on multi-segments muffler under space constraints

Whilst the space volume of muffler in noise control system is often constrained for maintenance in practical engineering work, the maximization on muffler’s performance becomes important and essential. In this paper, a novel approach genetic algorithms (GAs) based on the principles of natural biological evolution will be used to tackle this optimization of muffler design [M. Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996]. Here, the shape optimization of multi-segments muffler coupled with the GA searching technique is presented. The techniques of binary genetic algorithms (BGA) together with the commercial MATLAB package [G. Lindfield, J. Penny, Numerical Method Using Matlab, second ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2000] are applied in GA searching. In addition, a numerical case of pure tone elimination with 2-5 segments on muffler is introduced and fully discussed. To achieve the best optimization in GA, several GA parameters are on trial in various values. Results show that the GA operators, including crossover mutation and elitism, are essential in accuracy. Consequently, results verify that the optimal sound transmission loss at the designed frequency of 500 Hz is exactly maximized. The GA optimization on multi-segments muffler proposed in this study surely provides a quick and correct approach.     

Sound attenuation of a periodic array of micro-perforated tube mufflers

The wave propagation in a periodic array of micro-perforated tube mufflers is investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. Because of the high acoustic resistance and low mass reactance due to the sub-millimeter perforation, the micro-perforated muffler can provide considerable sound attenuation of duct noise. Multiple mufflers are often used to enhance attenuation performance. When mufflers are distributed periodically in a duct, the periodic structure produces special dispersion characteristics in the overall sound transmission loss. The Bloch wave theory and the transfer matrix method are used to study the wave propagation in periodic micro-perforated tube mufflers and the dispersion characteristics of periodic micro-perforated mufflers are examined. The results predicted by the theory are compared with finite element method simulation and experimental results. The results indicate that the periodic structure can influence the performance of micro-perforated mufflers. With different periodic distances, the combination of the periodic structure and the micro-perforated tube muffler can contribute to the control of lower frequency noise with a broader frequency range or improvement of the peak transmission loss around the resonant frequency.     

The research on semi-active muffler device of controlling the exhaust pipe’s low-frequency noise

In order to control low frequency noise in exhaust pipe, this paper puts forward a new concept of H-Q tube based semi-active muffler device. The semi-active muffler device and bench testing system have been designed and operated. Finite element simulation study on semi-active muffler and experimental study on semi-active muffler and passive muffler have been carried on. The effect of simulation and experiment are consistent. The semi-active muffler device acts well in low frequency band, especially between 50 Hz and 150 Hz. The average level of noise reduction is around 35 dB, which is much better than passive muffler. Between 150 Hz and 350 Hz, semi-active muffler has a better performance than passive muffler; above 350 Hz, it has worse performance compared with the passive muffler.     

基于低频吸声超构材料的复合消声器研究*

针对管道内低频噪声难以抑制的问题，本文基于亥姆霍兹共振腔（HR）阵列吸声板和穿孔管消声器组合，设计了一种复合式宽带消声器。首先利用有限元法仿真分析传统穿孔管消声器，发现中低频消声能力较差，通过嵌入HR阵列吸声板吸收中低频噪声。采用仿真与实验的方式研究吸声板的声学性能：在400-1000 Hz频段内的平均吸声系数达到了0.88。然后对复合式消声器进行数值模拟及3D打印阻抗管实验测试对比：复合式消声器在400-1718Hz频率范围内的平均传递损失为18.15 dB ，最终实现了管道内全频带噪声有效控制。     

Transmission loss prediction on a single-inlet/double-outlet cylindrical expansion-chamber muffler by using the modal meshing approach

This work formulates the acoustical performance prediction on a single-inlet/double-outlet cylindrical expansion-chamber muffler. Expressions for the transmission loss (TL) of the muffler are formulated by using the modal meshing approach and the plane wave theory, respectively. The parametric influence upon the values of TL for this kind of muffler is numerically analyzed for various cases of length-diameter ratio, and the computed results of TL are compared to present the higher order mode effects. The results by the modal meshing approach are also compared with the finite element method to verify its accuracy.     

Acoustic and aerodynamic design and characterization of a small-scale aeroacoustic wind tunnel

The aeroacoustic wind tunnel at Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus is a newly commissioned research facility for the experimental study of sound generation from bodies immersed in a fluid flow. The paper discusses the design criteria for the open jet wind tunnel that provides a maximum wind speed of 72 m/s at continuous operation and may be operated with nozzles of different dimension between 35 cm diameter (circular nozzle) and 12 cm by 14.7 cm (rectangular nozzle). Experiments may be performed either in a reverberant or in an anechoic environment. Both the aerodynamic and the acoustic design of the wind tunnel components are discussed in detail. Background noise measurements in the completed facility revealed very low levels comparable to other wind tunnels. The results of aerodynamic wind tunnel calibration confirmed a uniform flow quality in the jet and a very low axial turbulence intensity which is less than 0.2% for the 35 cm nozzle and less than 0.1% for the other nozzles. A final benchmark is provided by results of successful trailing edge noise measurements on an SD7003 airfoil that are presented and compared to results from the literature.     

Comparison of various algorithms for improving acoustic attenuation performance and flow characteristic of reactive mufflers

The parametric optimization of the reactive mufflers is researched by numerical analysis, regarding the performance of the acoustic and flow fields synthetically. The finite element method, based on the Helmholtz equation and the Navier–Stokes equation respectively, is utilized in the analysis of the acoustic and flow fields. And the initial and boundary conditions are set up in the physical fields respectively. The weighting multi-objective function about acoustic and flow fields is formulated. In addition, the optimization results of multidisciplinary, obtained by the Nelder Mead algorithm (NMA) based on the sensitivity analysis, the Monte Carlo algorithm (MCA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based on the random sampling, are analyzed comparatively. The optimization results indicate that the NMA can maximize the transmission loss (TL) and minimize the pressure drop with the given weight factor. Finally, numerical optimization examples confirm the validity and reliability of the proposed optimization method in the acoustic-flow field.