雾化辅助化学气相沉积法氧化镓薄膜生长研究

采用自主设计搭建的雾化辅助化学气相沉积系统设备,开展了Ga₂O₃薄膜制备及其特性研究工作。通过X射线衍射研究了沉积温度、系统沉积压差对Ga₂O₃薄膜结晶质量的影响。结果表明,Ga₂O₃在425~650 ℃温度区间存在物相转换关系。随着沉积温度从425 ℃升高至650 ℃,薄膜结晶分别由非晶态、纯α-Ga₂O₃结晶状态向α-Ga₂O₃、β-Ga₂O₃两相混合结晶状态改变。通过原子力显微镜表征探究了生长温度对Ga₂O₃薄膜表面形貌的影响,从475 ℃升高至650 ℃时,薄膜表面粗糙度由26.8 nm下降至24.8 nm。同时,高分辨X射线衍射仪测试表明475 ℃、5 Pa压差条件下的α-Ga₂O₃薄膜样品半峰全宽仅为190.8″,为高度结晶态的单晶α-Ga₂O₃薄膜材料。     

分数阶热弹理论下重力场对二维纤维增强介质的影响

基于Sherief等提出的分数阶广义热弹性耦合理论，研究了在热冲击作用下二维纤维增强弹性体的热弹性问题.考虑了重力对二维纤维增强线性热弹性各向同性介质的影响，建立了控制方程.运用正则模态法，经过数值计算，对控制方程进行求解，得到了不同分数阶参数和不同重力场下无量纲温度、位移和应力分量的表达式，以图形的方式展示了变量的分布规律并对结果展开了讨论.研究结果为:重力场和分数阶参数对纤维增强介质的位移及应力有着重要的影响，但对温度的影响有限.     

Al2O3忆阻器中氧空位对阻值转换性能的影响研究

忆阻器能够在外加电压下实现高阻态与低阻态的转换,在存储器件及仿神经网络计算等方面有着重要的应用。本文通过在Si衬底上制备得到Pt-Al2O3-Pt的金属-绝缘层-金属结构的忆阻器器件,研究了氧空位对阻值转换性能的影响。利用原子层沉积技术工艺控制生长不同氧空位浓度的Al2O3薄膜,测量并比较其Ⅰ—Ⅴ循环曲线,发现仅有在氧空位浓度较高情况下忆阻器才能够实现在高阻态和低阻态之间的转换。本文实验结果表明氧空位对于实现阻值转换性能有着重要的影响,对生长制备忆阻器器件有着重要意义。     

好的问题并渐次呈现:教学设计的两个关键--从教学设计的“三二一”说起

一、从教学设计的“三二一”说起近读《章建跃数学教育随想录(下卷)》,章建跃博士关于“搞好教学设计,提高教学质量”的论述中提出教学设计的“三二一”,即三个基本点(理解数学、理解学生、理解教学),两个关键(提好的问题、设计自然的过程),一个核心(设计概括过程).     

射频等离子制备石墨烯负载Co3O4催化剂及其析氧性能研究

氢能的引入能有效提升配电网的供电可靠性,而电解水制氢是实现低碳转型的关键技术,开发高效的电解水催化剂势在必行。过渡金属氧化物储量大、催化活性高,是具有广阔应用前景的析氧反应催化剂。本文通过射频等离子体处理制备石墨烯上负载Co₃O₄析氧催化剂,XRD、Raman和XPS测试结果显示,二维结构石墨烯的引入加速表面电子迁移,增大了反应面积。等离子体处理促进了纳米粒子在石墨烯上的负载,利用等离子体刻蚀作用在催化剂表面制造出大量碳结构缺陷和氧空位结构,改善了活性位点分布,有效调控Co₃O₄电子结构,提高析氧催化活性。电化学测试表明,本文中合成的Co₃O₄@rGO在电流密度为50 mA·cm^-2时的过电位为410 mV,动力学反应速率较快,表现出优于商业IrO₂的析氧催化活性。     

阻尼分数阶薛定谔方程柯西问题的局部适定性

本文在全空间中研究一类带阻尼的散焦型分数阶薛定谔方程的柯西问题,阻尼系数是依赖于时间的,并且可能在无穷处消失.我们借助单调算子理论得到了弱解的存在性;利用Strichartz估计以及压缩不动点定理得到了局部解的唯一性;利用精细的能量估计和下半连续性讨论建立了L~2和H~α∩L^p+2的能量衰减估计.     

Mg,N掺杂β-Ga2O3光电性质的第一性原理计算

通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了Mg单掺杂、N单掺杂和不同浓度的Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃的结构性质、电子性质和光学性质,以期获得性能比较优异的p型β-Ga₂O₃材料。建立了五种模型:Mg单掺杂、N单掺杂、1个Mg-N共掺杂、2个Mg-N共掺杂和3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃。经过计算,3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃体系的结构最稳定。此外,在5种模型中,3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃体系的禁带宽度是最小的,并且N 2p和Mg 3s贡献的占据态抑制了氧空位的形成,从而增加了空穴浓度。因此,3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃体系表现出优异的p型性质。3个Mg-N共掺杂体系的吸收峰出现明显红移,在太阳盲区的光吸收系数较大,这归因于导带Ga 4s、Ga 4p、Mg 3s向价带O 2p、N 2p的带间电子跃迁。本工作将为p型β-Ga₂O₃日盲光电材料的研究和应用提供理论指导。     

论数学实验在解题中的应用及能力培养——以2020年北京高考试题为例北大核心

近年来,北京高考正逐年加重对数学实验的考查,尤其是2020年高考,在题目数量以及考查形式上达到新的高度,2020年北京高考数学试题中的(6)、(8)、(10)、(14)、(19)、(21)等6道题在求解过程中,可以借助数学实验的手段获取解决思路,因此研究数学实验在解题中的应用以及探究提升数学实验能力的途径具有重要意义.     

g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化机理研究

通过简单的溶剂热法成功制备出了g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及PL对所得催化剂的物相结构及形貌和光学性能进行了表征,通过降解甲基橙和光解水产氢实验研究所得催化剂的催化性能及其催化机理.由实验可知,W18O49的含量为50;时所得g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂的降解性能最好,其降解率比纯g-C3N4纳米片提高48;;为进一步研究复合光催化剂的电子-空穴传输机理,我们又进行了光解水制氢实验.结果表明:单一的W18O49无产氢活性,它的复合明显降低了g-C3N4的产氢速率,说明复合结构中光生电子是从g-C3N4传递到了W18O49,表现出明显的Ⅱ型异质结复合特征,而不是部分文献所提出的Z型方式.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.