数值分析课程教学的实践与认识

本文针对数值分析课程的特点，结合自身的教学实践和体会，给出了实际教学过程中的三个方面的具体做法．     

塑料薄膜撕扯实验在聚合物教学中的应用及讨论

结合新课标要求,揭示塑料薄膜撕扯实验在聚合物教学中的重要性、必要性。通过教学片段设计,发展学生“宏观辨识与微观探析、证据推理与模型认知”化学学科核心素养,并让学生认识物质的性能不仅取决于结构,也取决于生产工艺。并对人教版初、高中化学教材和教参中相关问题展开讨论和解释,以期更好地服务教学。     

Fast analysis of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spores by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

A rapid and reliable method was established for simultaneous determination of main triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spores using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TQ‐MS). The established method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and stability, and was successfully applied to determine the contents of 10 main triterpenoids in different batches of G. lucidum spores. The analysis results showed that moderate levels of triterpenoids were found in G. lucidum spores. In addition, a MS full scan with a daughter ion scan experiment was performed to identify the potential derivatives of triterpenoids present in G. lucidum spores. As a result, a total of 22 triterpenoids from different G. lucidum spores were unequivocally or tentatively identified via comparisons with authentic standards and literatures. This method provides both qualitative and quantitative results without the need for repetitive UPLC‐MS analyses, thereby increasing efficiency and productivity, making it suitable for high‐throughput applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

溶液密度法测定糖水溶液中糖分含量——推荐一个基础化学实验

介绍了一个基础化学实验——溶液密度法测定糖水溶液中糖分含量。该实验通过糖分含量-密度工作曲线测定糖水溶液中的蔗糖含量,并估算饮料中的糖含量。实验涉及多项化学实验基本操作以及作图法等实验技能,推荐作为大一学生的前期实验开设。     

基于线上线下结合的无机定性分析实验教学

针对在实验室开设定性分析实验受到的制约,设计并开设了"无机化合物的性质与鉴定"虚拟实验,以作为常规无机定性分析实验的重要补充和扩展。虚拟实验和传统实验一并开设,构成线上线下结合的教学模式,完善知识体系,全面培养学生的无机定性分析能力。     

利用手持技术数字化实验测定中和反应化学计量比*

化学计量比在中学教学及实际生产中有着重要应用,本研究针对化学计量比概念教学存在的不足,以手持技术TQVC概念认知模型为理论依据,设计实验测定中和反应的化学计量比。基于等摩尔连续变化法,本实验借助温度传感器测定不同物质的量之比反应物反应后的温度变化数据,找出最大温度变化差值对应的反应物物质的量之比,即化学计量比,帮助学生从定量的角度理解化学计量比概念。     

船舶轴系振动教学演示实验台架设计与实验分析

通过船舶轴系振动理论和实践特点的分析,设计和制作了船舶轴系振动教学演示实验台架.同时,在教学演示实验台架与实船之间开展了比对实验,在船舶轴系振动信号、轴系扭振频谱、横振频谱、纵振频谱等关键实验环节进行了比对分析和讨论,得出了船舶轴系振动教学演示实验台架的可用性和可比性.     

中美高中化学教科书支撑同一知识的实验设计和内容呈现比较——以“影响化学反应速率的因素”为例

以人教版、苏教版、鲁科版高中化学教科书以及美版教科书中支撑"影响化学反应速率的因素"这一知识内容所涉及的实验内容为研究对象，从实验的设计和内容呈现等方面进行系统地比较，结果表明：国内的教科书中设计的实验探究性更强，对于学生能力的培养更加全面，美国教科书中设计的实验更注重吸引学生的注意力，激发学生的学习兴趣。最后综合分析了不同版本教科书的优缺点，并对实际教学提出一些建议。     

Magnetic‐based picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex for the one‐pot synthesis of hexahydroquinolines via Hantzsch four‐component reactions

A picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex was loaded on a magnetic Fe₃O₄ core, so that it contained 0.33 mmol of Cu per gram, and was used as an efficient catalyst. The as‐synthesized catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalyst was used to activate the raw materials in the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives in one‐pot four‐component reactions. Low reaction time (minutes versus half an hour), solvent‐free condition and magnetically separable catalyst are some salient features of the developed catalyst. Also, the optimum amount of catalyst and temperature were determined as 0.07 g and 87.6 °C, respectively, which were obtained using response surface methodology and optimization techniques.     

Molecule motion at polymer brush interfaces from single‐molecule experimental perspectives

Polymer brushes have been widely used as functional surface coatings for broad applications including antifouling, energy storage, and lubrications. Understanding the molecule dynamics at polymer brush interfaces is important in unraveling the structure–property relationships in these materials and establishing a new materials design paradigm of novel functional polymer thin films with efficient interfacial transport. By applying modern fluorescence‐based single‐molecule spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, molecule dynamics at varied polymer brush interfaces have been experimentally investigated in recent years. New insights are given to the understandings of some unique and unusual materials properties of polymer brush thin films. This review summarizes some recent studies of molecular diffusion at polymer brush interfaces, highlights some new understandings of the interfacial properties of polymer brushes, and discusses future research opportunities in this field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 85–103