Fast analysis of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spores by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

A rapid and reliable method was established for simultaneous determination of main triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spores using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TQ‐MS). The established method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and stability, and was successfully applied to determine the contents of 10 main triterpenoids in different batches of G. lucidum spores. The analysis results showed that moderate levels of triterpenoids were found in G. lucidum spores. In addition, a MS full scan with a daughter ion scan experiment was performed to identify the potential derivatives of triterpenoids present in G. lucidum spores. As a result, a total of 22 triterpenoids from different G. lucidum spores were unequivocally or tentatively identified via comparisons with authentic standards and literatures. This method provides both qualitative and quantitative results without the need for repetitive UPLC‐MS analyses, thereby increasing efficiency and productivity, making it suitable for high‐throughput applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

醋酸锰催化合成萘并噻唑衍生物研究型综合实验

设计了“醋酸锰（Ⅲ）催化合成2-邻氯苯甲酰氨基萘并[1，2-d]噻唑”研究型综合化学实验，以自制的醋酸锰（Ⅲ）为催化剂，催化氧化1-萘基-3-邻氯苯甲酰基硫脲合成2-邻氯苯甲酰氨基萘并[1，2-d]噻唑。通过该实验项目的教学，可使学生掌握醋酸锰（Ⅲ）、1-萘基-3-邻氯苯甲酰基硫脲和2-邻氯苯甲酰氨基萘并[1，2-d]噻唑的合成方法，掌握有机化合物结构表征的方法，可以培养学生的实践动手能力、科研创新能力以及综合运用知识的能力。该实验项目集无机合成实验、有机合成实验和仪器分析实验于一体，具有较强的可操作性和实用性，可作为基础化学研究型综合化学实验或开放性实验开设。     

Evolution of downsized crescent-shaped dune in wind tunnel experiment

The migration of a downsized crescent-shaped dune was investigated in a wind tunnel experiment.Quantified upwind influx and vertical oscillation of the sand bed were introduced to modulate the saturation level of the sand flux above the dune surface to affect dune evolution.The evolution was recorded by top-view photography and then abstracted as the evolution of self-defined characteristic quantities using a digital image processing algorithm.The results showed that,in contrast to the case for spanwise quantities,the evolution of streamwise quantities corresponds to a linear increase in the modulation magnitude more positively and in a monotonic and convergent manner.In contrast with quantities on the windward face,the changes in quantities with respect to the horns were nonmonotonic with time and almost uncorrelated with the variation in modulation strength,which reveals the distinctiveness of leeside evolution.     

数值分析课程教学的实践与认识

本文针对数值分析课程的特点，结合自身的教学实践和体会，给出了实际教学过程中的三个方面的具体做法．     

Construction of sliced (nearly) orthogonal Latin hypercube designs

Sliced Latin hypercube designs are very useful for running a computer model in batches, ensembles of multiple computer models, computer experiments with qualitative and quantitative factors, cross-validation and data pooling. However, the presence of highly correlated columns makes the data analysis intractable. In this paper, a construction method for sliced (nearly) orthogonal Latin hypercube designs is developed. The resulting designs have flexible sizes and most are new. With the orthogonality or near orthogonality being guaranteed, the space-filling property of the resulting designs is also improved. Examples are provided for illustrating the proposed method.     

福建省首届大学生化学实验邀请赛无机及分析化学实验试题解析

介绍了福建省首届大学生化学实验邀请赛无机及分析化学实验的命题思路、试题原题及评分规则,并对实验中存在的问题及成绩进行了总结分析。     

Magnetic‐based picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex for the one‐pot synthesis of hexahydroquinolines via Hantzsch four‐component reactions

A picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex was loaded on a magnetic Fe₃O₄ core, so that it contained 0.33 mmol of Cu per gram, and was used as an efficient catalyst. The as‐synthesized catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalyst was used to activate the raw materials in the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives in one‐pot four‐component reactions. Low reaction time (minutes versus half an hour), solvent‐free condition and magnetically separable catalyst are some salient features of the developed catalyst. Also, the optimum amount of catalyst and temperature were determined as 0.07 g and 87.6 °C, respectively, which were obtained using response surface methodology and optimization techniques.     

Molecule motion at polymer brush interfaces from single‐molecule experimental perspectives

Polymer brushes have been widely used as functional surface coatings for broad applications including antifouling, energy storage, and lubrications. Understanding the molecule dynamics at polymer brush interfaces is important in unraveling the structure–property relationships in these materials and establishing a new materials design paradigm of novel functional polymer thin films with efficient interfacial transport. By applying modern fluorescence‐based single‐molecule spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, molecule dynamics at varied polymer brush interfaces have been experimentally investigated in recent years. New insights are given to the understandings of some unique and unusual materials properties of polymer brush thin films. This review summarizes some recent studies of molecular diffusion at polymer brush interfaces, highlights some new understandings of the interfacial properties of polymer brushes, and discusses future research opportunities in this field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 85–103     

塑料薄膜撕扯实验在聚合物教学中的应用及讨论

结合新课标要求,揭示塑料薄膜撕扯实验在聚合物教学中的重要性、必要性。通过教学片段设计,发展学生“宏观辨识与微观探析、证据推理与模型认知”化学学科核心素养,并让学生认识物质的性能不仅取决于结构,也取决于生产工艺。并对人教版初、高中化学教材和教参中相关问题展开讨论和解释,以期更好地服务教学。     

利用手持技术数字化实验测定中和反应化学计量比*

化学计量比在中学教学及实际生产中有着重要应用,本研究针对化学计量比概念教学存在的不足,以手持技术TQVC概念认知模型为理论依据,设计实验测定中和反应的化学计量比。基于等摩尔连续变化法,本实验借助温度传感器测定不同物质的量之比反应物反应后的温度变化数据,找出最大温度变化差值对应的反应物物质的量之比,即化学计量比,帮助学生从定量的角度理解化学计量比概念。