化学反应流中分子扩散的二点封闭MCA模型

在化学反应流的概率密度函数(PDF)方法中,对流项和化学反应项都是封闭的,但分子扩散项必须模拟。现有的分子扩散模型都是唯象的,需要引入外加参数,并难以通过一些基本物理过程的检验。本文发展了随机映射逼近(mapping closure approximation,MCA)方法,解析地从控制方程导出一个封闭的分子扩散模型。该方法考虑两点联合概率密度函数方程,引入空间特征尺度,因此解决了以往映射封闭方法中分子扩散速率无法确定的问题。数值模拟表明该方法能用于预测标量扩散的速度,以及概率密度函数和条件平均扩散等统计量。     

The crumbling of a viscous prism with an inclined free surface

Summary We study the two-dimensional instantaneous Stokes flow driven by gravity in a viscous triangular prism supported by a horizontal rigid substrate and a vertical wall. The oblique side of the prism, inclined at an angle α with respect to the substrate, is a fluid-air interface, where the stresses are zero and surface tension is neglected. We develop the stream function ψ in polar coordinates (r,θ) centered at the vertex of α and split it into an inhomogeneous part, which accounts for gravity effects, and a homogeneous part, which is expressed as a series expansion. The inhomogeneous part and the first term of the expansion may be envisioned, respectively, as self-similar solutions of the first kind and of the second kind for r→0, each one holding in complementary α domains with a crossover at α _c =21.47^∘, which we study in some detail. The coefficients of the series are calculated by truncating the expansion and using the method of direct collocation with a suitable set of points at the wall. The solution strictly holds for t=0, because later the free surface ceases to be a plane; nevertheless, it provides a good approximation for the early time evolution of the fluid profile, as shown by the comparison with numerical simulations. For 0<α<45^∘, the vertex angle remains constant and the edge remains strictly at rest; the transition at α _c manifests itself through a change in the rate of growth of the curvature. The time at which the edge starts to move (waiting time) cannot be calculated since the instantaneous solution ceases to be valid. For α>45^∘, the instantaneous local solution indicates that the surface near the vertex is launched against the substrate so that the edge starts to move immediately with a power law dependence on time t. However, due to the high value of the exponent, the vertex may seem to be at rest for some finite time even in this case. Received 29 August 1997; accepted for publication 21 January 1998     

二维介质参数的大扰动反演方法

对非均匀介质参数反演问题进行了研究，并提出了用于反演二维介质参数的广义射线近似方法．利用参考场量和扰动变量对声波方程中的介质参数进行处理，并利用Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数理论得到扰动参数比的积分方程．基于非均匀介质中波函数的局部理论和射线理论，引入了全波场的广义射线近似形式，通过定义介质参数函数，把反演目标归结为其第一类Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程．利用积分变换方法得到二维介质的介质参数函数，从而得到介质参数，在Ｂｏｒｎ近似方法中，反演的介质参数扰动不能超过２０％，但是在本文中介绍的方法能够有效地反演其扰动比不超过５０％的变化情况     

完全变换法在无网格伽辽金方法中的应用

由于移动最小二乘形函数一般不具有常规有限元或边界元形函数所具有的插值特征，本质边界条件的处理成为无网格伽辽金法实施中的一个难点。本文通过建立节点位移和广义位移之间的关系对移动最小二乘形函数进行修正，给出了修正的移动最小二乘形函数；以二维问题为例，对完全交换法在无网格伽辽金方法中的应用进行了研究，实现了本质边界条件在节点处的精确施加。数值计算结果表明该方法不仅简单合理，而且具有较高的精度、收敛性和稳定性。     

Zur Strömung viskoser Flüssigkeiten durch gewellte Rohre

Zusammenfassung Die Strömung zäher nicht-newtonscher Flüssigkeiten durch gewellte kreisförmige Rohre unter Wirkung eines axialen Druckgefälles wurde theoretisch und experimentell untersucht. Das besondere Interesse galt dabei der durch die Wellung veränderten Druck-Durchsatz-Charakteristik. Die theoretischen Betrachtungen beziehen sich auf den Grenzfall hinreichend langer Wellen, wo sich der Querschnitt des Flüssigkeitsfadens in Strömungsrichtung nur langsam ändert und sowohl die Trägheit als auch die Elastizität der Flüssigkeit eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen. In dieser Näherung konnte der Durchsatz in Abhängigkeit vom Druckgefälle und den nichtlinearen Fließeigenschaften der Flüssigkeit für beliebige Wellenamplituden analytisch bestimmt werden. Die theoretischen Ergebnisse sind in Einklang mit experimentellen Befunden.

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The flow of a non-Newtonian fluid driven by an axial pressure gradient through a corrugated pipe of circular cross-section is analysed theoretically and realized experimentally. Particular attention is directed toward the pressure-discharge characteristics of the pipe which change due to the corrugation. A theory is developed for the limiting case of corrugations with long wave-length, where the cross-section of the pipe varies gradually in the flow direction and the effects of inertia and elasticity of the fluid are of minor importance. Within such a long-wave approximation the flow rate, in dependence on the applied pressure drop and on the non-linear viscous properties of the fluid, is determined analytically for arbitrary wave amplitudes. The theoretical results are in agreement with experimental findings.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW OF HIGHLY VISCOELASTIC FLOW IN THREE－DIMENSIONAL VARYING THICK SLIT CHANNEL

（杨伯源）（李勇）ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＬＯＷＯＦＨＩＧＨＬＹＶＩＳＣＯＥＬＡＳＴＩＣＦＬＯＷＩＮＴＨＲＥＥ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬＶＡＲＹＩＮＧＴＨＩＣＫＳＬＩＴＣＨＡＮＮＥＬ￥ＹａｎｇＢｏｙｕａｎ；ＬｉＹｏｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ...     

复变量移动最小二乘法及其应用

提出了复变量移动最小二乘法，并详细讨论了基于正交基函数的复变量移动最小二乘 法. 然后，将复变量移动最小二乘法和弹性力学的边界无单元法结合，提出了弹性力学的复 变量边界无单元法，推导了相应的公式，并给出了数值算例. 基于正交基函数的复变量移动 最小二乘法的优点是不形成病态方程组、精度高，所形成的无网格方法计算量小. 复变量边 界无单元法是边界积分方程的无网格方法的直接列式法，容易引入边界条件，且具有更高的 精度.     

Heat and brine transport in porous media: the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation revisited

This paper discusses the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation for heat and solute transport in porous media. In this commonly used approximation all density variations are neglected except for the gravity term in Darcy’s law. However, in the limit of vanishing density differences this gravity term disappears as well. The main purpose of this paper is to give the correct limits in which the gravity term is retained, while other density effects can be neglected. We show that for isothermal brine transport, fluid volume changes can be neglected when a condition is fulfilled for a dimensionless number, which is independent of the density difference and specific discharge. For heat transfer an additional condition is required. One-dimensional examples of simultaneous heat and brine transport are given for which similarity solutions are constructed. These examples are included to elucidate the volume effects and the corresponding induced specific discharge variations. Finally, a two-dimensional example illustrates the relative effects of volume changes and gravity.     

Nonlinear stability of large k-value shallow spherical shells with a symmetrically distributed line load

In this paper, we treat the nonlinear stability problem of shallow spherical shells with large values ofk(k=12(1–v) · 2f/h,f = shell rise,h = shell thickness) under the action of uniformly distributed line load along a circle concentric with the shell boundary. Load-deflection curves are computed at successive increments of uniformly distributed line loads by using both cubic B-spline approximations and iterative techniques. Our algorithm yields fairly good convergent results for values ofk as large as 400. The limiting case in which shells are loaded along a circle of small radius has been specially investigated and the computed critical loads are compared with those obtained with central point loads by other authors.     

碳氢燃料点火燃烧的简化化学反应动力学模型

基于``准稳态'方法建立了一套复杂化学反应动力学模型简化方法和相应的软件SPARCK. 并以3种典型的碳氢燃料------甲烷、乙烯和庚烷为研究对象，从甲烷点火燃烧的GRI2.11详 细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含14个组分10步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动 力学模型，从乙烯燃烧的51组分365详细基元反应模型出发简化得出了包含20个组分16 步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型，从庚烷点火燃烧的160组分1540详细基元反 应模型出发简化得出了包含26个组分22步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型. 通过 对典型激波管试验的结果对比可以看出：得到的简化反应动力学模型能较为有效地再现 详细基元反应模型的反应机理，具有较高的计算精度. 在工程计算中有较好的应用前景.