基于两步退火法提升Al/n~+Ge欧姆接触及Ge n~+/p结二极管性能

锗(Ge)中高激活浓度、低扩散深度的n型掺杂是实现高性能Ge n-MOSFET的重要前提条件.本文采用低温预退火与脉冲激光退火相结合的两步退火法,结合磷离子注入,制备Al/n~+Ge的欧姆接触以及Ge n~+/p结二极管.通过电流-电压特性测试来研究Al/n~+Ge的欧姆接触以及Ge n~+/p结二极管的性能,测试结果表明:低温预退火可初步修复注入损伤,并降低激光退火时杂质的扩散深度;结合离子注入工艺和两步退火工艺,Al/n~+Ge欧姆接触的比接触电阻率降至2.61×10~(-6)Ω·cm~2,Ge n~+/p结二极管在±1V的整流比提高到8.35×10~6,欧姆接触及二极管性能均得到了显著提升.     

基于波长控制的LiNbO3晶体强电场传感器

为了抵消自然双折射引起的Pockels电场传感器的工作点漂移,设计了一种基于波长控制的铌酸锂晶体强电场传感器。设计的传感器系统包括:可调谐激光器、Pockels传感器、微控制单元及光电探测器。采用微控制器控制可调谐激光器的输出波长,使传感器具有π的固有相位偏置,即使传感器工作在线性区。仿真结果表明:当设计的传感器晶体长度大于0.45mm时,在1530～1565nm范围内可以找到使传感器工作在线性区的工作波长。最后结合传感器最大可测电场与半波电场之间的关系E_(max)≈0.3Eπ,得出传感器晶体长度为6.32mm,光沿z方向传播,x方向加电场,传感器最大可测电场为1000kV/m,此时调谐传感器的工作波长为1546.1nm可以使传感器工作在线性区。     

Passively Q-switched self-frequency doubling Nd~(3+):ReCa_4O(BO_3)_3(Re=Y,Gd) lasers with tin diselenide as a saturable absorber

With tin diselenide(SnSe_2) film as a saturable absorber(SA), the passively Q-switched self-frequency doubling(SFD) lasers were realized in Nd~(3+):ReCa_4O(BO_3)_3(Re = Y, Gd) crystals. For Nd:YCa_4O(BO_3)_3 crystal, the maximum average output power at 532 nm was 19.6 mW, and the corresponding pulse repetition frequency, pulse duration, single pulse energy, and peak power were 17.6 kHz, 91.9 ns, 1.1 μJ, and 12.1 W, respectively. For Nd:GdCa_4 O(BO_3)_3 crystal, these values were 14.5 mW, 22.1 kHz, 48.7 ns, 0.66 μJ, and 13.5 W.     

隐形结构光三维成像动态背景光干扰抑制技术

结构光照明成像在近距离高分辨率物体三维测量方面具有重要应用。在传统结构光照明成像的基础上,提出了隐形结构光三维成像动态背景光干扰抑制技术,对实际目标进行了三维轮廓获取,并对动态背景光的抗干扰能力进行了详细的分析和验证。基于激光干涉原理产生的结构光,投射两束正交偏振光束到物体表面并不产生干涉条纹,采用同步相移探测技术实现结构光条纹的探测和再现。采用同步相移探测技术,可同时获得4步相移条纹图像,有效降低了背景光的干扰,提升了动态三维成像的能力。理论研究了隐形结构光的成像原理及动态背景光抑制机理,搭建了实验验证装置,获得了动态背景光干扰下实际目标的三维重建图像,实验结果与理论分析吻合。     

Sprout Branching of Tumour Capillary Network Growth: Fractal Dimension and Multifractal Structure

A tumour vascular network, characterized as an irregularly stochastic growth, is different from the normal vascular network. We systematieally analyse the dependence of the branching. It is found that anastomosis of tumour on time is according to a number of tumour images, and both the fractal dimensions and multifractal spectra of the tumours are obtained. In the eases studied, the fractal dimensions of the tumour vascular network increase with time and the multifractal spectrum not only rises entirely but also shifts right. In addition, the best drug delivery stage is discussed according to the difference of the singularity exponent δα（δα = αmax - αmin）, which shows some change in the growth process of the tumour vascular network. A common underlying principle is obtained from our analysis along with previous results.     

反物质稀缺之谜有望被揭开

一般认为,约在140亿年前宇宙诞生时,应该产生同等数量的粒子和反粒子,两者的质量相同,但电荷的正、负相反,按理说两者相遇就会湮灭生成光而消失.     

一锅法合成四芳基吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯空穴传输材料及其在无掺杂倒置钙钛矿太阳电池的应用

本文采用一锅法合成了四芳基吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯有机空穴输运材料(D41、D42、D43和D44),制备出无掺杂的倒置型平面钙钛矿太阳电池. 材料D41的芳环上含有甲基,具有供体-π-给体-π-供体结构;而D42、D43和D44具有受体-π-给体-π-受体结构,其中,芳环上分别含有氰基、氟和三氟甲基. 研究表明,芳环上取代基对其分子表面电荷分布和空穴输运层薄膜形貌有显著影响,钙钛矿晶体颗粒的大小与空穴输运材料分子结构有关,含有氰基的材料D42最有利于形成较大的钙钛矿晶粒,这主要是由于吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯结构具有丰富的电子性质的缘故. D42制备的倒置型平面钙钛矿太阳电池光电转换效率为17.3%,在黑暗条件下22天后,仍保留了初始效率的55%. 吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯结构具有良好的给电子特性,可作为高效钙钛矿薄膜的空穴传输材料.     

A general method for large-scale fabrication of Cu nanoislands/dragonfly wing SERS flexible substrates

Noble metal nanorough surfaces that support strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) is widely applied in the practical detection of organic molecules. A low-cost, large-area, and environment-friendly SERS-active substrate was acquired by sputtering inexpensive copper(Cu) on natural dragonfly wing(DW) with an easily controlled way of magnetron sputtering. By controlling the sputtering time of the fabrication of Cu on the DW, the performance of the SERS substrates was greatly improved. The SERS-active substrates, obtained at the optimal sputtering time(50 min),showed a low detection limit(10~(-6)M) to 4-aminothiophenol(4-ATP), a high average enhancement factor(EF, 1.98 × 10~4),excellent signal uniformity, and good reproducibility. In addition, the results of the 3D finite-difference time-domain(3 DFDTD) simulation illustrated that the SERS-active substrates provided high-density "hot spots", leading to a large SERS enhancement.     

A contrastive study on the influences of radial and three-dimensional satellite gravity gradiometry on the accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field recovery

The accuracy of the Earth’s gravitational field measured from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer(GOCE),up to 250 degrees,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij from the satellite gravity gradiometry(SGG) are contrastively demonstrated based on the analytical error model and numerical simulation,respectively.Firstly,the new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are established,respectively.In 250 degrees,the GOCE cumulative geoid height error measured by the radial gravity gradient V zz is about 2 1/2 times higher than that measured by the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij.Secondly,the Earth’s gravitational field from GOCE completely up to 250 degrees is recovered using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij by numerical simulation,respectively.The study results show that when the measurement error of the gravity gradient is 3×10 12 /s 2,the cumulative geoid height errors using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are 12.319 cm and 9.295 cm at 250 degrees,respectively.The accuracy of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij is improved by 30%-40% on average compared with that using the radial gravity gradient V zz in 250 degrees.Finally,by mutual verification of the analytical error model and numerical simulation,the orders of magnitude from the accuracies of the Earth’s gravitational field recovery make no substantial differences based on the radial and three-dimensional gravity gradients,respectively.Therefore,it is feasible to develop in advance a radial cold-atom interferometric gradiometer with a measurement accuracy of 10 13 /s 2-10 15 /s 2 for precisely producing the next-generation GOCE Follow-On Earth gravity field model with a high spatial resolution.     

过饱和度对KDP晶体生长与光学性能的影响研究

在不同过饱和度的溶液中生长了KDP晶体,对生长晶体的透过率,光散射和激光损伤阈值进行了表征.研究了不同过饱和度对KDP晶体生长及光学性能的影响.实验表明:KDP晶体可以在高过饱和度(σ＞3;)溶液中实现快速生长,生长速度可大于10 mm/d;但随着溶液过饱和度的增加,KDP晶体生长溶液的稳定性降低,晶体容易出现包藏、开裂和添晶等缺陷,晶体的光学性能也随之降低.