Investigation of sulfur speciation in particles from small coal-burning boiler by XANES spectroscop

Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectroscopy was employed to study the speciation of sulfur in raw coal, ash by-product and fine particulate matter from a small coal-burning boiler. By means of least square analysis of the XANES spectra, the major organic and inorganic sulfur forms were quantitatively determined. The results show that about 70% of the sulfur in raw coal is present as organic and a minor fraction of the sulfur occurs as other forms： 17% of pyrite and 13% of sulfate. While in bottom ash, fly ash, and PM2.5, the dominant form of sulfur is sulfate, with the percentage of 80,79 and 94, respectively. Moreover, a number of other reduced sulfur including thiophenic sulfur, element sulfur and pyrrhotite are also present. During coal combustion, most of organic sulfur and pyrite were oxidized and released into the atmosphere as SO2 gas, part of them was converted to sulfate existing in coal combustion by-products, and a small part of pyrite was probably reduced to elemental sulfur and pyrrhotite. The results may provide information for assessing the pollution caused by small boiler and developing new methods for the control of SO2 pollution.     

Transfer characterization of sulfur from coal-burning emission to plant leaves by PIXE and XANES

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO₄^2－. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.     

几种磷氮极压抗磨添加剂在聚乙二醇中的摩擦学研究

以十二胺和十八胺、磷酸二甲酯和磷酸二丁酯为原料合成系列磷酸酰胺类P-N型极压抗磨添加剂,用四球摩擦磨损评价了其添加到聚乙二醇(PEG-400)中的摩擦学性能,并用X射线吸收精细结构光谱(XANES)对所形成的摩擦膜进行了表面分析,初步探讨了该类添加剂的摩擦化学作用机理.摩擦学性能评价结果表明:所合成的P-N型添加剂添加于聚乙二醇(P-EG)润滑液中都具有良好的摩擦学性能,其中烷基链较短的PN1表现出优异的抗磨和耐极压特性.XANES分析结果显示:该类P-N型添加剂在PEG润滑液生成的摩擦膜主要有吸附层和反应层组成,在反应层中,磷元素主要以磷酸盐和聚磷酸盐形式存在.     

nm量级薄膜厚度测量

 为了获得nm量级薄膜样品的精确厚度,采用软X射线反射率拟合方法、Bragg衍射方程方法和反射率Fourier变换方法分析了常规Cu靶X射线衍射数据及软X射线反射率数据。对厚度测量结果进行比较,3种方法得到的结果一致性很好。其中,软X射线反射率拟合和Bragg衍射方程方法精度很高,优于1 nm,Fourier变换方法精度稍低。对于单层W薄膜样品,3种方法获得厚度分别为(15.21±0.60) nm,(14.0±1.0) nm和(13.8±1.5) nm;对于双层W/C薄膜样品,W层厚度分别为(12.64±0.60) nm,(13.0±1.0) nm和(13.9±1.5) nm。这3种方法测量结果精度主要取决于反射率数据测量精度,而Fourier变换方法精度随着能量升高而提高,随着掠入射角范围增大而提高。     

Measurement of integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt region. An experimental method has been developed to measure the integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The integral diffraction coefficients of several crystals including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thallium acid phthalate (TlAP) and rubidium acid phthalate (RAP) crystals have been measured in the x-ray energy range 2100--5600 eV and compared with the calculations of the 'Darwin Prins' and the 'Mosaic' models. It is shown that the integral diffraction coefficients of these crystals are between the calculations of the 'Darwin Prins' and the 'Mosaic' models, but more close to the `Darwin Prins' model calculations.     

掠入射平面镜反射率在同步辐射源上的标定方法研究

在北京同步辐射源的3W1B束线上,利用平面变间距光栅分光,获得单色性较好,强度较高,能谱连续可调的单色光源.利用该光源,我们实现了掠入射平面镜反射率的精密标定,解决了角度基准,转动精度,大动态范围测量的问题.在2度时,角度的不确定度为2%,反射率的不确定度0.1%,取得了突破性的进展.     

基于多层膜偏振元件的同步辐射光束线偏振特性测量研究

利用自行研制的同步辐射软X射线多层膜综合偏振测量装置, 对北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的3W1B软X射线光束线的偏振特性进行了系统的研究. 给出了多层膜偏振元件起偏前后的测量结果, 测量能量为206eV时, 经反射镜、光栅等光束线光学元件后输出的线偏振度(起偏前)为0.585, 经多层膜偏振元件起偏后输出光的 线偏振度达到0.995.     

q软X光多层镜反射率在同步辐射源上的标定

软X光多层镜反射率标定实验在北京同步辐射装置上进行,利用BSRF-3W1B 束线及其反射率计靶室(主靶室)标定不同材料的多层镜样品的反射率.多层镜的标定采用波长扫描法,以得到样品反射率随波长变化的曲线.给出了21°-B4C/Si,21°-B4C/Mo,10°-Cr/Ti,15°- B4C/W,10°- B4C/W以及6.86°-B4C/W等6块多层镜在50～1 500 eV能段上的反射率标定曲线,并将其与理论计算结果进行比较.结果表明标定曲线与理论曲线很好地符合.影响标定结果的总不确定度的主要因素是光子能量不确定度,其次是角度不确定度,测量不确定度的影响很小.     

复合样品厚度参数同步辐射测量方法

 薄膜样品在实验研究领域要求样品的厚度测量精度非常高,但由于样品质量小,采用称重的方法,测量精度较差。在北京同步辐射装置的中能（4B7A）和低能（4B7B）束线上（光源能区为0.1～6.0 keV,能量分辨大于1 000）,采用材料对单能光子的透过率来确定样品的质量厚度,通过不同能点的测量值进行不确定度分析,提高测量精度,降低不确定度。利用该方法开展了复合样品厚度的测量方法研究,给出了有CH衬底的薄膜样品的厚度,通过不确定度分析得出,薄膜样品厚度的测量不确定度小于1％。     

应用于PTS装置的多通道X射线二极管阵列谱仪

介绍了用于PTS（初级实验平台）装置上Z箍缩内爆物理实验诊断的多通道X射线二极管（XRD）阵列谱仪原理、性能及主要参数,给出了根据实验结果回推光源辐射能谱的解谱算法。在PTS装置上开展的首轮物理实验中,使用多通道XRD阵列谱仪对Z箍缩产生的等离子体源辐射的软X射线能谱、功率、能量进行测量,给出了测量结果及分析,并与其他参试设备测量结果进行了比较。关键词: Abstract: Key words: ;