空间激光通信最新进展与发展趋势

空间激光通信凭借其带宽优势,成为未来高速空间通信不可或缺的有效手段,是近年来国际上的研究热点。本文详细介绍了美国、欧洲和日本在空间激光通信技术领域的最新研究进展和未来发展规划,总结了国内外空间激光通信演示计划的主要参数指标。通过对空间激光通信最新研究计划的分析,归纳出空间激光通信高速化、深空化、集成化、网络化、一体化5个发展趋势,以及需要突破的高阶调制、高灵敏度探测、多制式兼容、"一对多"通信等关键技术。为我国激光通信设备及相关研究提供借鉴和参考。     

单晶金刚石氢终端场效应晶体管特性

基于微波等离子体化学气相淀积生长的单晶金刚石制作了栅长为2μm的耗尽型氢终端金刚石场效应晶体管,并对器件特性进行了分析.器件的饱和漏电流在栅压为-6 V时达到了96 mA/mm,但是在-6 V时栅泄漏电流过大.在-3.5 V的安全工作栅压下,饱和漏电流达到了77 mA/mm.在器件的饱和区,宽5.9 V的栅电压范围内,跨导随着栅电压的增加而近线性增大到30 mS/mm.通过对器件导通电阻和电容-电压特性的分析,氢终端单晶金刚石的二维空穴气浓度达到了1.99×10~(13)cm~(-2),并且迁移率和载流子浓度均随着栅压向正偏方向的移动而逐渐增大.分析认为,沟道中高密度的载流子、大的栅电容以及迁移率的逐渐增加是引起跨导在很大的栅压范围内近线性增加的原因.     

两个四唑配合物的原位合成、多样化配位模式和强荧光性质

在路易斯酸ZnCl₂或MnSO₄·7H₂O作用下,通过1-甲基-1-氢-咪唑-4,5-二甲腈与NaN₃水热原位合成了2个四唑配合物：{[Zn₂（midt）（Hmidt）]（N₃）·H₂O}_n （1）和[Mn（midt）₂·（H₂O）₂]·H₂O （2）（midt=1-甲基-1-氢-咪唑-4,5-二四唑）。X射线单晶衍射表明尽管配合物1和2均结晶于同样的P1 空间群,但他们有完全不同的结构。配合物1为一个有趣的二维聚合物结构,含有两个不同配位环境的锌原子和多种配位模式的midt配体,而配合物2为一个三维超分子结构,包含一个有趣的水分子链结构。固态下1和2分别在353和382 nm处显示出较强的蓝色荧光。     

用于目标跟踪/识别中红外AOTF光谱相机光学系统的设计与优化

为获得红外目标的空间信息和光谱信息,设计了一种用于中波红外声光可调谐光谱相机的光学系统.设计中引入折/衍射混合透镜,在用6片透镜的情况下达到了12×变倍,在长焦处时能识别2 000m远的目标.采用ZEMAX光学设计软件模拟声光晶体的衍射,在晶体出射面上优化设计了4°的楔角,使-1级衍射光能共轴出射.该光学系统在空间频率17lp/mm处调制传递函数值最大达到0.7,能量集中度大于90%,能够满足光谱相机用于识别/跟踪目标的要求.     

Improvement in a-plane GaN crystalline quality using wet etching method

Nonpolar （1120） GaN films are grown on the etched a-plane GaN substrates via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis shows great decreases in the full width at half maximum of the samples grown on etched substrates compared with those of the sample without etching, both on-axis and off-axis, indicating the reduced dislocation densities and improved crystalline quality of these samples. The spatial mapping of the E2 （high） phonon mode demonstrates the smaller line width with a black background in the wing region, which testifies the reduced dislocation densities and enhanced crystalline quality of the epitaxial lateral overgrowth areas. Raman scattering spectra of the E2 （high） peaks exhibit in-plane compressive stress for all the overgrowth samples, and the E2 （high） peaks of samples grown on etched substrates shift toward the lower frequency range, indicating the relaxations of in-plane stress in these GaN films. Furthermore, room temperature photoluminescence measurement demonstrates a significant decrease in the yellow-band emission intensity of a-plane GaN grown on etched templates, which also illustrates the better optical properties of these samples.     

Improved crystal quality of GaN film with the in-plane lattice-matched Ino.17Alo.s3N interlayer grown on sapphire substrate using pulsed metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

We report on an improvement in the crystal quality of GaN film with an Ino.17Alo.83N interlayer grown by pulsed metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, which is in-plane lattice-matched to GaN films. The indium composition of about 17% and the reductions of both screw and edge threading dislocations （TDs） in GaN film with the InA1N interlayer are estimated by high resolution X-ray diffraction. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） measurements are employed to understand the mechanism of reduction in TD density. Raman and photoluminescence measurements indicate that the InA1N interlayer can improve the crystal quality of GaN film, and verify that there is no additional residual stress induced into the GaN film with InA1N interlayer. Atomic force microscopy measurement shows that the InA1N interlayer brings in a smooth surface morphology of GaN film. All the results show that the insertion of the InA1N interlayer is a convenient method to achieve excellent crystal quality in GaN epitaxy.     

铁电双层膜的反转动力学行为

基于Landau-Khalatnikov运动方程,本文研究了含有表面过渡层和铁电界面耦合的反转动力学行为(包括平均极化、反转时间、反转电流和矫顽场).研究结果表明:在铁电双层膜系统中存在一个竞争的机理,即表面过渡层与界面耦合的竞争作用.我们发现在双层膜反转过程中出现了反常行为,这些反常行为归因于表面过渡层与界面耦合之间的竞争.表面过渡层与界面耦合的共同行为对铁电双层膜的动力学特性起到了决定性的作用.     

金属基复合材料原位反应相场模型

原位反应法制备金属基复合材料具有增强体与基体间无杂质、无污染、颗粒分布均匀等优点,已成为制备金属基复合材料的一种重要方法,揭示其动力学机制及规律具有重要的理论及工业价值.然而,原位反应过程具有反应时间短、随机发生、温度高等特点,目前采用原位实验观测其反应过程仍存在较大困难.本文采用相场法模拟金属熔体内的原位反应过程,首先建立了能够描述双束金属熔体界面反应形核的相场模型,并采用该模型模拟了不同参数下相界反应形核过程.结果表明,形核率随着曲率半径及噪声强度的增大而增大,小曲率半径及强噪声条件下新相颗粒尺寸分布更加均匀,形核率随着过冷度的增大而先增大后减小.     

Particle captured by a field-modulating vortex through dielectrophoresis force

In microfluidic technology, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is commonly used to manipulate particles. In this work, the fluid-particle interactions in a microfluidic system are investigated numerically by a finite difference method (FDM) for electric field distribution and a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the fluid flow. In this system, efficient particle manipulation may be realized by combining DEP and field-modulating vortex. The influence of the density ($\rho_{\rm p}$), radius ($r$), and initial position of the particle in the $y$ direction ($y_{\rm p0}$), and the slip velocity ($u_{0}$) on the particle manipulation are studied systematically. It is found that compared with the particle without action of DEP force, the particle subjected to a DEP force may be captured by the vortex over a wider range of parameters. In the $y$ direction, as $\rho_{\rm p}$ or $r $ increases, the particle can be captured more easily by the vortex since it is subjected to a stronger DEP force. When $u_{0}$ is low, particle is more likely to be captured due to the vortex-particle interaction. Furthermore, the flow field around the particle is analyzed to explore the underlying mechanism. The results obtained in the present study may provide theoretical support for engineering applications of field-controlled vortices to manipulate particles.     

A position-sensitive detector with lithium glass and MaPMT

A position-sensitive detector is designed for neutron detection. It uses a single continuous screen of a self-made lithium glass scintillator, rather than discrete crystal implementations, coupling with a multi-anode PMT (MaPMT). The scintillator is fast and efficient; with a decay time of 34 ns and thermal neutron detection efficiency of around 95.8% for the 3 mm thick screen, and its light yield is around 5670 photons per neutron and 3768 photons per MeV γ rays deposition. The spatial resolution is around 1.6 mm (FWHM) with the energy resolution around 34.7% by using α (5.2 MeV) rays test.