脱衣服发生的静电放电现象源于强电场而不是高电压

在天气干燥的季节,手碰到门的金属手柄,常常会有一个小火花从金属手柄跳到你手上;晚上在黑暗的屋子里面脱衣服,经常会看到蓝色的小火花闪来闪去等等.这都是生活中一些比较常见的静电放电现象.     

配制铜盐、铁盐和铝盐水溶液是因水解而显浑浊吗

正1问题的提出文献[1]:硫酸铜的水溶液由于Cu2+水解而显酸性,其水解度随浓度降低而增加,288K时,0.1mol/L CuSO4溶液的pH=4.2,所以配制铜盐时,常加入少量同名的酸。文献[2][3]:在实验室配制FeCl3溶液时,由于FeCl3是强酸弱碱生成的盐,容易水解生成难溶于水的Fe(OH)3:FeCl3+3H2O=Fe(OH)3+3HCl致使溶液浑浊,得不到澄清的FeCl3溶液。所     

高考数学一轮复习“八误区”与对策

高考数学一轮复习是高考复习中的一个重要环节,有着承上启下的作用.本文中结合高考数学一轮复习中“八大复习误区”,对症下药,寻求对策,提升复习效益.     

Correlation dynamics of a qubit–qutrit system in a spin-chain environment with Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction

We study the dynamics of correlations for a hybrid qubit-qutrit system in an XY spin-chain environment with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction. Our discussion involves a comparative analysis of negativity, quantum discord, and measurement-induced disturbance. It is found that the quantum discord is optimal of the three quantum correlations to de- tect the critical point of quantum phase transition. Only when the qubit interacts with the environment, is the phenomenon of sudden transition between the classical correlation and the quantum discord observed. Moreover, the Dzyaloshinsky- Moriya interaction enhances the decay of quantum correlations.     

Reflection and refraction of attenuated waves at boundary of elastic solid and porous solid saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids

The propagation of elastic waves is studied in a porous solid saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids.The propagation of three longitudinal waves is represented through three scalar potential functions.The lone transverse wave is presented by a vector potential function.The displacements of particles in different phases of the aggregate are defined in terms of these potential functions.It is shown that there exist three longitudinal waves and one transverse wave.The phenomena of reflection and refraction due to longitudinal and transverse waves at a plane interface between an elastic solid half-space and a porous solid half-space saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids are investigated.For the presence of viscosity in pore-fluids,the waves refracted to the porous medium attenuate in the direction normal to the interface.The ratios of the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted waves to that of the incident wave are calculated as a nonsingular system of linear algebraic equations.These amplitude ratios are used to further calculate the shares of different scattered waves in the energy of the incident wave.The modulus of the amplitude and the energy ratios with the angle of incidence are computed for a particular numerical model.The conservation of the energy across the interface is verified.The effects of variations in non-wet saturation of pores and frequencies on the energy partition are depicted graphically and discussed.     

煤氧化增重现象中的控制反应及其动力学解析

以热重实验中的煤氧化增重现象为线索, 对400 ℃前煤氧化的反应机理和动力学过程进行了理论研究. 借助于平行反应理论, 将煤低中温氧化过程简化为3 个平行的竞争反应, 包括水分析出、氧吸附和固相氧化产物分解的反应以及直接的“burn-off”反应. 通过对不同氧体积浓度(10%, 21%和40%)下的实验数据全过程上的非线性最小二乘法拟合, 确定出各反应的动力学参数以及相应的温度作用范围. 模化的结果与实验数据高度贴近, 证明了反应模型和计算方法的可靠性. 煤低中温氧化过程中的质量变化, 主要是由氧吸附反应和固相氧化产物的分解反应所控制的; 由直接的“burn-off”反应所引起的质量变化则相对较小. 煤氧化增重现象对应的反应及动力学过程并不能由单一反应模型来近似. 氧浓度的提高导致氧吸附反应和固相氧化产物的分解反应加剧, 而“burn-off”反应受氧浓度的影响并不显著, 这是由用于解析动力学参数而选定的实验数据的温度范围和特征所决定的.     

一种基于精英云变异的差分演化算法

针对传统差分演化算法在演化过程中存在少数个体出现停滞的现象,提出一种基于精英云变异的差分演化算法.该算法在演化过程中统计出每个个体的停滞代数,当一个个体的停滞代数达到指定的阈值时,对该个体执行精英云变异操作,使其向最优个体靠近,从而加快收敛速度;同时以一定的概率对所有个体执行一般反向学习操作,以增加种群的多样性.对比实验结果表明该算法在收敛速度和求解精度上均具有一定的优势.     

ErYb:氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的上转换发光特征饱和现象的综合分析

研究了Er3+和Yb3+双掺的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷在966 nm激光激发下的上转换发光的饱和现象。详细的分析发现了它存在一种能量扩展导致的“特征饱和现象”,也就是说上转换发光强度I随激光功率P而改变的双对数曲线的斜率随着激光光斑的增大而明显增大至正常的多光子关系。还发现布居耗空所导致的“典型饱和现象”也有较大的影响,它导致了logI-logP曲线会随着激光功率的增加而逐渐弯曲,而激光功率的减小会导致“典型饱和现象”也减小甚至完全消失。     

Statistical fluctuations in a saturation laser model with correlated noises

We study the effects of correlations between quantum and pump noises on fluctuations of the laser intensity in a saturation laser model. An approximative Fokker--Planck equation and analytic expressions of the steady-state probability distribution function (SPD) of the laser system are derived. Based on the SPD, the normalized mean, the normalized variance, and the normalized skewness of the steady-state laser intensity are calculated numerically. The results indicate that (i) the correlation strength \lambda of correlated noises always enhances the fluctuation of laser intensity; (ii) the correlation time \tau of correlated noises strengthens the fluctuation of laser intensity for the below-threshold case but \tau weakens it for the above-threshold case.     

化学教学中如何引导学生正确描述实验现象

在高中化学教学过程中,发现有许多教师不太注重学生对化学实验现象的正确描述,许多学生在描述过程中也存在语言不规范,条理不清或者根本就不知道从哪里说起。本文主要针对高中化学教学中常出现的一些误区进行归纳总结。