Pt/NbPWO双功能催化剂的制备及氢解碱木质素制备芳香单体

木质素是一种天然芳香族聚合物,约占木质纤维素的30%,是唯一通过裂解C―O醚键和C―C键生产芳香族化学品或液体燃料的可再生芳香族资源。迄今为止,对木质素氢解制备有价值化合物的研究主要集中在相对不稳定的C―O键的裂解上,这限制了木质素氢解的效率。采用水热法和湿浸渍法制备了多功能Pt/NbPWO催化剂。通过破坏碱木质素中的C―O键和C―C键,可以得到产率为18.02%的芳香族单体。该反应不仅可以断裂木质素聚合物中醚键,同时也可以断裂部分关键的C―C键。其氢解机理可能是丰富的Brønsted酸和Lewis酸位点参与了C―C的活化。此外,重点分析载体和Pt物种在Pt/NbPWO催化剂中的协同作用。     

基于混酸回流制备碳点的中和过程

Carbon dots (C dots) are relatively novel carbon nanomaterials that have attracted significant interest due to their unique photoluminescence, good biocompatibility, and stability. The preparation methods of C dots was usually summarized into "top-down" and "bottom-up", and mixed acid reflux is a top-down strategy that can be used to synthesize C dots, during which neutralization is a necessary step that can significantly influence the properties and potential applications of the final product. Previously, this research area mainly focused on tuning the properties of C dots by changing the starting materials and/or varying the reaction conditions; the influence of the reagents used during neutralization has been largely ignored. As the previously reported C dots prepared by mixed acid reflux were obtained from different starting materials under varied conditions, a meaningful comparison is difficult. Herein, yellow-emitting C dots were prepared by mixed acid-refluxing a carbon-rich material derived from fullerene carbon soot. For the same batch of as-prepared C dots, the influences of four reagents, i.e., NaOH, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, and NH₃·H₂O, during neutralization on the structures and photoluminescence of the resulting C dots were investigated in detail. The results of thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly showed that the reagent used during neutralization can affect the degree of dissociation of the acidic functional groups on the C dots. This is further supported by examination of the C dot/surfactant mixtures where subtle changes in the phase behavior were observed. Structural changes of the C dots cause variations in their surface states, ultimately altering the optical characteristics, including UV-vis absorption and fluorescence. Among the treated C dots, the sample prepared with Na₂CO₃ showed the strongest emission under the same excitation wavelength, while that prepared with NH₃·H₂O exhibited a distinct red shift (~8 nm) in the emission curve. The results presented herein provide clear evidence that neutralization reagent selection is important for optimizing the properties of the resulting C dots obtained by mixed acid reflux. In addition, the photoluminescence of the C dots can be influenced by their counterions, providing a novel method for tuning the properties of C dots while explaining their behavior in saline solutions. In short, the basicity of the neutralizing reagent and the type of counterions affect the structure of the C dots surface, which brings different performances. This work reminds researchers that it is necessary to use the type of neutralizing reagent as an experimental condition when preparing C dots in the future.     

二甲基—γ—全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷自组装膜的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

利用分子自组装技术 ,用含有全氟烷基的氯硅烷作为前驱体 ,在活化玻璃表面制备了二甲基 -γ-全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷单分子膜 ;用 X射线光电子能谱仪对组装膜表面的几种特征元素及其化学环境进行了表征 ;采用接触角测定仪测定了蒸馏水在自组装薄膜表面的接触角 ,在动静摩擦磨损试验机上评价了薄膜同 GCr1 5钢球对摩时的摩擦磨损性能 .结果表明 :所制备的自组装膜的表面自由能很低 ,具有很好的疏水 -疏油性 ,其对水的接触角高达 1 1 0°;二甲基 -γ-全氟辛酰氧丙基硅烷组装膜可以降低基片的摩擦系数 ,而且在较低负荷下具有很好的耐磨性     

Na_3PO_4·12H_2O选择性催化脱去芳香性叔丁基二甲基硅醚

报道了以磷酸盐为催化剂选择性脱去芳香性叔丁基二甲基硅醚的方法.以DMF为溶剂,室温下在0.5质量分数的Na3PO4.12H2O催化下,能顺利地脱去芳香性叔丁基二甲基硅醚得到相应的酚类化合物,而不影响其他的保护基和官能团.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定烟草中茉莉酸

采用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)联用法检测烟草中茉莉酸(JA)含量。样品研磨均质后经丙酮和柠檬酸萃取,离心分离,取上清液,氮气吹去丙酮后用乙醚萃取。经氨丙基固相萃取柱净化,吹干后用色谱流动相溶解,过0.45μm有机滤膜。利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用电喷雾负离子,选择离子监测模式进行检测,内标法定量。结果表明,待测样品JA浓度范围在5～1 000ng/mL之间,标准曲线具有良好的线性关系。方法检出限(S/N≥3)是2.0ng/mL。平均回收率为80.6%～101.1%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～14.6%。应用该方法检测烟草打顶与不打顶植株之间JA含量的差异,结果比较理想。     

一种二维多孔窗口型膦酸锆材料的合成及其对不同金属离子的吸附性能

合成了一种二维窗口型膦酸锆材料β-丙氨酸-N,N-双亚甲基膦酸锆(ZrNCP),采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析了合成产物的相组成和微观结构;利用N2吸脱附试验装置测定了合成产物对不同金属离子的吸附性能,考察了浓度、温度及pH对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,合成产物内部存在大量分布均匀的微介孔,材料微观形貌为规整片状.随着金属离子半径的增大,ZrNCP对各种金属离子的平衡吸附量(mmol/g)呈逐渐减小趋势.     

三尖杉酯碱侧链酸的不对称合成及结构表征

以N-Boc苏氨醛为起始原料,经Wittig、Meisenheimer重排和催化氢化系列反应,不对称合成了天然产物三尖杉酯碱的侧链酸,中间体及目标产物结构经核磁共振(1 H NMR、13 C NMR)、红外光谱和质谱表征.结果表明,所用合成方法具有产率高、反应条件温和、操作简单等优点;目标化合物的总收率达30%.     

近红外光谱法用于纯化过程中鞣花酸含量的监控

采用近红外光谱技术结合遗传算法优化的小波神经网络,对大孔树脂纯化过程中橄榄果中的鞣花酸含量进行监控。通过小波变换对光谱进行去噪、压缩,作为人工神经网络的输入,同时以遗传算法优化神经网络的权值与阈值,并与常用的偏最小二乘(PLS)线性模型的建模效果进行比较。实验结果表明,两者都能够较准确的预测鞣花酸的含量,相对而言,人工神经网络(ANN)效果较好。     

超声波辅助提纯氢化枞酸的研究

以氢化松香为原料、乙醇胺为有机胺、乙酸乙酯为溶剂,在超声波辅助下进行胺化反应制备氢化枞酸乙醇胺盐,再经萃取、重结晶和酸化得到氢化枞酸,采用正交试验考察了超声功率、搅拌转速、反应温度、反应时间对氢化枞酸纯度的影响,结果表明,影响氢化枞酸纯度因素按显著程度依次为反应温度>反应时间>超声波功率>搅拌转速,确定了最佳的胺化反应条件为:反应温度40℃、反应时间40min、超声波功率400W、搅拌转速400r/min,所得氢化枞酸的纯度为94.5%。采用GC、GC-MS、FT-IR、熔点仪和旋光仪对氢化枞酸产品进行了分析鉴定。     

Fmoc-His(Mtt)-OH的合成

以二氯二甲基硅烷为双保护试剂,在碱性条件下组氨酸(His)的咪唑环和α-氨基位分别引入4-甲基-三苯甲基(Mtt)和9-笏甲氧羰基(Fmoc)保护基,合成了Fmoc-His(Mtt)-OH,其结构经1H NMR和MS确证。