Preparation of LaFe0.95Pd0.05O3 perovskites and their catalytic performances in methane combustion

The physic-chemical properties of LaFe0.95Pd0.05O3 perovskites were strongly dependent on the temperature of calcination. Most of the organic substances and inorganic impurities were readily removed at 723 K but single-phase and well crystallized perovskite structure was formed at 873 K. With further raising the calcination temperature, the crystallite size of LaFe0.95Pd0.05O3 increased considerably. The LaFe0.95Pd0.05O3 sample that calcined at 1073 K showed only comparable activity as the reference LaFeO3 catalyst, in particular below 923 K, but pre-treatment with the reaction gas at 1223 K resulted in significantly enhanced activity due to the generation of active PdO species on the surface. The hysteresis feature upon heating-cooling cycle further confirmed the strong interaction between Pd and LaFeO3 in the perovskite structure.     

焙烧温度对Pt-FeOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化甲醛氧化性能的影响

采用胶体沉积法制备了Pt-FeO_x/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,通过XRD、TEM、BET、XPS、H₂-TPR和FT-IR等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了焙烧温度对Pt-FeO_x/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表面结构及其催化甲醛氧化性能的影响。结果表明,焙烧温度对Pt-FeO_x/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的氧化还原性能、Pt物种的化学状态以及表面羟基的数量有较大的影响。在室温下,所有Pt-FeO_x/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂均表现出催化氧化活性,其中,200℃焙烧的Pt-FeO_x/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表现出最好的催化性能,可以将甲醛100%转化为CO₂和H₂O。较低温度焙烧的Pt-FeO_x/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表面Pt物种具有较好的价态分布以及更多的界面活性位,如Pt-O-Fe物种,因而在温和条件下对甲醛的催化氧化活性较高。     

不同金属负载对Cr/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂结构及氧化NO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备Cr/Al_2O_3-TiO_2催化剂,在考察不同Cr负载量的基础上,研究不同金属负载与焙烧温度对Cr/Al_2O_3-TiO_2催化剂结构与性能影响。程序升温氧化(TPO)结果表明,当Cr负载量为10%(w/w)时具有较好的催化活性;不同金属负载Cr/Al_2O_3-TiO_2时,负载Co及在焙烧温度为550℃时催化剂具有较好的活性。通过程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)表征发现,Co的负载使催化剂的低温氧化还原能力逐渐提高,表明Co-Cr具有较好的协同催化作用。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征表明,Co增加了Cr~(6+)和表面吸附氧(O_β)含量,随着焙烧温度的升高(450～550℃),晶格氧不断向催化剂表面流动,表面化学吸附氧O_β比例逐渐增加,导致催化活性不断升高,说明Cr~(6+)和O_β是催化氧化NO的重要活性物种。     

Thermal Preparation and Application of a Novel Silicon Fertilizer Using Talc and Calcium Carbonate as Starting Materials

The deficiency of available silicon (Si) incurred by year-round agricultural and horticultural practices highlights the significance of Si fertilization for soil replenishment. This study focuses on a novel and economical route for the synthesis of Si fertilizer via the calcination method using talc and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as starting materials. The molar ratio of talc to CaCO₃ of 1:2.0, calcination temperature of 1150 °C and calcination time of 120 min were identified as the optimal conditions to maximize the available Si content of the prepared Si fertilizer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations elucidate the principles of the calcination temperature-dependent microstructure evolution of Si fertilizers, and the akermanite Ca₂Mg(Si₂O₇) and merwinite Ca₃Mg(SiO₄)₂ were identified as the primary silicates products. The results of release and solubility experiments suggest the content of available metallic element and slow-release property of the Si fertilizer obtained at the optimum preparation condition (Si-OPC). The surface morphology and properties of Si-OPC were illuminated by the results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area and nitrogen adsorption analysis. The acceleration action of CaCO₃ in the decomposition process of talc was demonstrated by the thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) test. The pot experiment corroborates that 5 g kg⁻¹ soil Si-OPC application sufficed to facilitate the pakchoi growth by providing nutrient elements. This evidence indicates the prepared Si fertilizer as a promising candidate for Si-deficient soil replenishment.     

焙烧温度对费托合成铁基催化剂还原动力学的影响

采用沉淀法和喷雾干燥技术制备了一个典型的费托合成铁基催化剂(100Fe/3K/6SiO_2,质量比)所得样品在不同温度下焙烧5 h.分别利用N_2吸附和穆斯保尔谱表征了催化剂的织构和物相性质,同时利用热重分析仪记录了催化剂在H2气氛中的还原过程,并利用气固反应模型对还原曲线进行了动力学模拟.结果表明,300~600℃焙烧后催化剂的还原过程可用相同的模型拟合,其中由α-Fe_2O_3还原为Fe_3O_4的过程可用一维晶相形成与生长模型或三维相界面反应模型描述,Fe_3O_4还原为α-Fe的过程受二维晶相形成与生长模型控制.而对于700℃焙烧后的催化剂,其还原过程可能受晶相形成与生长模型和收缩核模型共同影响.随着焙烧温度的提高,催化剂的还原能力减弱,还原过程活化能升高.这可能是由于焙烧温度的提高导致晶粒尺寸增大和晶格缺陷减少所致.     

Pt2+/Pt0掺杂g-C3N4光催化降解环丙沙星和偶氮染料

以三聚氰胺和氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)为原材料,采用简单一步煅烧法制备了不同含量的Pt^2+/Pt^0掺杂石墨相氮化碳(Pt^2+/Pt^0-CN)。运用扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射、N2物理吸附-脱附、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和光电流测试等技术对制备的样品的形貌、化学组成、晶体结构、比表面积和光电性能等物理化学性质进行了表征。由XPS可知Pt粒子以二价Pt和零价Pt掺杂在催化剂的表面和内部,其中Pt^0与Pt^2+的比约为1∶7.26。与g-C3N4相比,Pt^2+/Pt^0-CN表现出高效的光催化降解活性。当Pt^2+/Pt^0理论负载质量分数为0.02%时,对环丙沙星、罗丹明B、酸性橙Ⅱ、甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的降解效率分别提升了43%、64%、39%、42%和52%。Pt^2+/Pt0掺杂使催化剂的比表面积大幅度增加,同时增强光催化剂对光的吸收能力,并抑制光生电子(e^-)和空穴(h^+)的复合。     

结构可调控纳米羟基磷灰石的制备研究

以天然磷矿石为原料,以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为模板剂,制备形貌结构可调节的羟基磷灰石(HAP),研究了焙烧温度、模板剂用量和陈化时间对HAP形貌结构的调控规律.结果表明,CMC是纳米HAP结构调控的决定因素,改变模板剂用量能可控制备出颗粒状、片状及三维多孔状等不同形貌及结构的HAP;延长陈化时间有利于提高HAP的结晶度;焙烧温度为900℃时,可制备出结构稳定、结晶度高的HAP.本研究为获得结构可调控的纳米HAP提供了简单可靠的制备工艺.     

硫酸铜晶体制备实验的绿色化改进

对以铜粉为原料、硝酸为氧化剂的硫酸铜晶体制备实验进行了绿色化改进。结果发现,铜粉的研磨及灼烧时间、介质的酸度及氧化剂对产品质量都有影响。当铜粉的研磨时间为20 min、灼烧时间35 min及用3 mol/L的H2SO4作为介质、H2O2作为氧化剂时,产率可达67.92%,产品的质量和产率比传统的制备方法有明显提高,符合绿色化实验的要求。     

Study of raw and thermally treated sepiolite from the Mantoudi area,Euboea, Greece

Raw and thermally treated sepiolites from the Mantoudi area, Euboea, Greece, were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in combination with thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), as well as Fourier transform (FTIR) spectroscopy, in order to study the collapse of the sepiolite structure with increasing temperature. The main mineral constituent (>95%) is a well crystallized sepiolite. Quartz and dolomite occur in minor amounts. Calcination of the samples was carried out up to 350, 720 and 820°C, for 2 h, and ‘sepiolite dihydrite’, ‘sepiolite anhydrite’ and ‘enstatite’ were formed, respectively, as magnesium co-ordinated water and octahedrically co-ordinated hydroxyl groups, are removed and the dehydroxylated phase recrystallize to enstatite (MgSiO₃). These structural and textural changes play an important role to the properties and uses of the studied sepiolites.     

焙烧温度对Ni-Mg基蜂窝状催化剂生物燃气重整调变性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Ni、Mg双金属负载在堇青石表面形成的蜂窝状催化剂,研究了焙烧温度对催化剂结构和生物质粗燃气重整反应性能的影响.结果表明,在不同焙烧温度下主要有NiO和NiMgO₂固溶体物相生成.相比于其他焙烧温度,催化剂在650 ℃焙烧温度下更有利于镍活性金属位的分散和活性位数量的增加.在干重整反应条件下,CH₄、CO₂的转化率以及H₂、CO产率随焙烧温度的升高呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,在650 ℃焙烧温度下达到最高.在水蒸气重整反应条件下主要发生烃类产物与H₂O和CO₂的重整反应以及水煤气变换反应,焙烧温度的升高有利于水煤气反应的进行.此外,焙烧温度对于干重整反应条件下的H₂/CO体积比调节影响较小,而对于水蒸气重整反应条件下的H₂/CO体积比可进行选择性调节.