关于光在介质表面反射的半波损失问题

对于光在反射时的半波损失问题，就《大学物理》上已发表的章和已出版的教科书中的有关论述作一回顾，阐明对此问题是怎样一步步讨论得全面、清楚的。     

基于损失函数的GARCH类模型波动率预测评价

本文的目的是通过利用多种损失函数评估三种GARCH模型的预测精度，找到最优的股指期货日内波动率研究预测模型。利用之前的研究结果，三个沪深300股指期货日内一分钟日内收益率被用作研究对象，对标准GARCH,eGARCH以及RealGARCH三个模型做了实证检验，并利用多种损失函数，从不同角度衡量三个波动率模型的预测精度。研究发现：Sample1样本的RealGARCH模型有最好的预测效果，而Sample2样本与Sample6样本的eGARCH模型有最好的预测精度。因此，在对沪深300股指期货日内波动率研究时，应根据其样本特征，优先选择具有能够反映非对称特征的波动率模型来刻画波动过程，对未来波动率做预测。     

平均值组合评价方法的优良性研究

综合评价方法广泛应用于教育、管理等很多领域.在一定程度上可以说综合评价的结果是决策的基础.因此选用好的综合评价方法非常重要.提出了一种新的综合评价方法:平均值组合评价方法.这种方法在一定程度上克服了单一综合评价方法的片面性.研究结果还表明所提的平均值组合评价方法在平方损失函数和兼容度两种标准下具有优良性.     

Projectile electron loss in collisions of light charged ions with helium

We investigate the single-electron loss processes of light charged ions （Li^1＋,2＋, C^2＋,3＋,5＋, and O^2＋,3＋） in collisions with helium. To better understand the experimental results, we propose a theoretical model to calculate the cross section of projectile electron loss. In this model, an ionization radius of the incident ion was defined under the classical over-barrier model, and we developed ＂strings＂ to explain the processes of projectile electron loss, which is similar with the molecular over-barrier model. Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results for the cross section of single-electron loss and the ratio of double-to-single ionization of helium associated with one-electron loss.     

Raman spectrum study of graphite irradiated by swift heavy ions

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphites are irradiated with 40.5-Me V and 67.7-Me V ^112Sn-ions in a wide range of fluences： 1×10^11 ions/cm^2–1×10^14ions/cm^2. Raman spectra in the region between 1200 cm^-1 and 3500cm^-1 show that the disorder induced by Sn-ions increases with ion fluence increasing. However, for the same fluence, the amount of disorder is greater for 40.5-Me V Sn-ions than that observed for 67.7-Me V Sn-ions, even though the latter has a slightly higher value for electronic energy loss. This is explained by the ion velocity effect. Importantly, ～ 3-cm^-1frequency shift toward lower wavenumber for the D band and ～ 6-cm^-1 shift toward lower wavenumber for the 2D band are observed at a fluence of 1×10^14 ions/cm^2, which is consistent with the scenario of radiation-induced strain. The strain formation is interpreted in the context of inelastic thermal spike model, and the change of the 2D band shape at high ion fluence is explained by the accumulation of stacking faults of the graphene layers activated by radiation-induced strain around ion tracks. Moreover,the hexagonal structure around the ion tracks is observed by scanning tunneling microscopy, which confirms that the strains near the ion tracks locally cause electronic decoupling of neighboring graphene layers.     

表面离子阱的衬底效应模型研究及新型离子阱设计

通过分析表面离子阱衬底的功率损失和电势损失对离子阱阱深和离子加热速率的影响,提出考虑衬底效应的阱深和离子加热速率的解析分析模型.研究发现,硅基衬底的电势损失对表面离子阱阱深的降幅达17.19%,功率损失对离子加热速率的加速达13.37%.为了降低衬底效应的不利影响,设计了衬底真空隔离结构的表面离子阱,在离子阱射频电极和直流电极间的衬底表面刻蚀出多条隔离槽,从而减小衬底的等效电导和等效电容,达到降低衬底功率和电势损失的目的.模拟结果显示,相比于一般结构,真空隔离结构的硅基表面离子阱能够使阱深加深20.22%,使衬底功率损失降低54.55%.     

利用海洋环境噪声估计浅海海底表层声速

为提高反演效率,提出一种快速估计浅海海底表层声速的方法。根据噪声能流理论,垂直阵接收的海洋环境噪声数据能够用于无源提取海底反射损失,反射损失曲线中具有明显的临界角效应,从而接估计海底表层声速。以射线模型为基础,推导了噪声提取的反射损失与理论值之间的差异,并讨论实际阵列波束形成在不同角度和频率下的性能。考虑到非等声速环境下声线会发生弯曲,需对角度进行修正以提高方法的广泛适用性。不同频率的临界角与有效深度之间存在对应关系,黄海某海区数据处理结果表明,在临界角不变的有效深度内,海底表层可以视为等声速层,该海区海底表层0.5 m内声速估计结果为1547 m/s,与有源反演结果相近。      

分布式通风消声板特性研究*

在隔声板结构中,分布式内嵌大量小型消声单元,在入射声波被消声单元有效衰减的同时,气流可均匀通过整个板结构,形成一种分布式消声板结构。利用平面波理论和修正传递矩阵法,建立消声板简化模型,并预测模型传递损失。加工消声板样件,实验室内测试并验证其声学及通风性能。对比隔声测试结果与预测结果,验证修正传递矩阵法针对该结构的准确性,同时验证消声板结构的实际效果。结果显示,该分布式消声板结构具有良好的声学效果,修正传递矩阵法可应用于该结构的声学性能预测以及结构设计。     

检验的渐近展开和功效损失

本文研究统计假设检验问题中的渐近展开和功效损失,给出一阶渐近展开,二阶效率和功效损失,并且研究了建立在L－,R－,U－统计量及组合L－统计量上的检验问题。