Catalytic cracking of polyethylene waste in horizontal tube reactor

In this study catalytic and thermal cracking of polyethylene waste were investigated in continued tube reactor system. HZSM-5 and equilibrium FCC type catalysts were tested. Both the resistance to deactivation and the regeneration process of the catalyst were studied. Reaction temperature of 545 °C and residence time of 20 min were used during the cracking treatment. The reaction products were analyzed and the textural properties of catalysts were also determined. It was found that after the first reaction run the FCC catalyst lost 75% of its cracking activity, in case of HZSM-5 the rate of deactivation was higher. The cracking activity of catalyst could be improved by regeneration process with only 2-3% compared to the coked catalyst. The isomerisation effect of the catalysts was also observed. The effect of coked FCC catalyst could be improved by the regeneration process with 50% in case of HZSM-5 it was only 25%.     

The green and effective oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids with molecular oxygen via biocatalytic reaction

A clean and effective alcohol oxidizing system using three enzymes has been developed. Regeneration of NAD⁺ by NADH oxidase with molecular oxygen enabled to oxidize alcohols to carboxylic acids in good yield under mild conditions (25 °C, 1 atm).     

层析用硅胶G再生的可行性及方法研究

以分离苦豆子中含有的生物碱为研究手段,讨论废弃的层析用硅胶经再生后重复利用的方法,以氯仿、甲醇为洗脱剂,通过改变两种溶剂的混合比例进行洗脱,硅胶经再生使用后分离得到了苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和其它生物碱的单体,鉴于其它生物碱无标准品,故本论文未加以讨论.苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的得率分别为23.6%,46.2%,其单体通过HPLC检测后,含量都达到了95%以上,因此废弃的层析用硅胶是可以经过再生而重复利用的.     

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱测定再生加氢催化剂中活性组分Mo、Ni及金属杂质

针对再生加氢催化剂中残余的积炭对活性金属含量测定的影响,建立了一种以硝酸-高氯酸体系溶解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定再生加氢催化剂中活性金属Mo、Ni含量的方法。该方法亦可同时测定运转过程中沉积在催化剂表面的金属杂质Fe、Na、Ca、Mg的含量。实验考察了仪器工作参数、不同预处理方法、介质酸度、基体A1对测量结果的影响。本法对Mo、Ni、Fe、Na、Ca、Mg 6种元素的检出限分别为0.1797、0.0026、0.0014、0.0220、0.0022、0.0013μg/g,回收率在95%~107%之间。该法准确、可靠,精密度好,可用于实际样品分析。     

"Decoking" of a "coked" zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge

'Decoking' of a 'coked' zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge in oxygen is investigated. The 'decoking' process involves reactions of atomic oxygen (O atoms) with 'coke' and yields gases such as CO, CO₂ as well as other gaseous products that could be easily pumped out.Three different modes of discharge were investigated including a static mode, a flowing-gas mode, and a periodic-purge mode where the oxygen and other gaseous products of the discharge were replaced by fresh O₂ gas after short but regular intervals of time. In some cases, additional heating was also used to provide base temperatures of the order of 100 °C to facilitate penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner layers and cages of the zeolite catalyst.This paper presents some results of spectroscopic analytical techniques used to monitor the atomization of oxygen, oxidation of 'coke', and to confirm the process of 'decoking'. More specifically, radiation emission on the 3 s ⁵S– 3p ⁵P transitions of O around 777.2–777.5 nm were selected for monitoring the atomization of O₂. On the other hand, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the amount of residual carbon and extent of 'decoking'. Furthermore, evolution of CO and CO₂ gases as a function of time was systematically monitored in real time. For CO, the 451.1 nm band head belonging to the B¹ - A¹ bands of the Angstrom system of the CO spectrum was used, while for CO₂, the band head at 353.4 nm belonging to the CO₂⁺ spectrum was used. The rates of evolution of CO and CO₂ were related to the rate of 'decoking' of the catalyst. It is noted that in the periodic-purge mode, about 63% of the total yield of CO from a given sample of the catalyst appears in the first 3-min exposure to discharge whereas it takes up to 15 min to remove nearly 94% of the removable carbon under our experimental conditions.     

Electrochemical Regeneration of NAD Covalently Bound to Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Abstract

An enzyme-coenzyme complex was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and investigated with cyclic voltammetry in ethanol-containing buffers. The complex consists of an Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase molecule to which an NAD-analogue is covalently attached via its straight six-carbon, spacer. One cycle was observed but repeated recycling could not be carried out. presumably due to catalytic decomposition of the coenzyme at the electrode surface.     

La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xFexO3催化剂氮氧化物储存及抗硫性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法通过在静态空气中700°C焙烧制备了不同Fe掺杂量的La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xFexO3(x=0,0.2,0.6,1.0)系列钙钛矿催化剂.考察了Fe掺杂量对催化剂的结构、氮氧化物储存、抗硫及再生性能的影响.研究结果表明:在La0.7Sr0.3CoO3钙钛矿B位用Fe部分取代Co,可有效提高SrCO3物相的分散,X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示样品中基本为钙钛矿物相.随着Fe掺杂量的增加,催化剂的NOx储存量(NSC)下降.对预硫化样品进行NOx储存测试,发现La0.7Sr0.3CoO3催化剂由于表面沉积了硫酸盐,同时钙钛矿结构也遭到了部分破坏,使得NOx储存量和NO氧化能力均大幅度下降,NOx储存量下降了64.2%,NO-to-NO2转化率从72.8%降至43.4%.掺杂Fe元素后,催化剂的抗硫性能都有不同程度的提高,特别是Fe掺杂量为60%的样品具有最佳的抗硫性能和可再生性能.与新鲜样品相比较,再生后样品的NOx储存量仅下降16.6%,而NO-to-NO2转化率为69.1%,几乎与新鲜样品相同.     

甲醇芳构化反应中Ag/ZSM-5催化剂的失活特性

通过四次连续反应-再生循环实验对甲醇芳构化催化剂Ag/ZSM-5进行了失活再生研究,结果表明催化剂通过烧碳可以得到部分再生.对反应-再生后的催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征,证实芳构化过程中催化剂的ZSM-5骨架结构保持完好,金属烧结也不严重.傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和氨-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)实验证实了反应生成的水使催化剂在475℃发生水热脱铝,进而导致Brφnsted酸流失及催化剂的芳构化反应能力不可逆下降.     

纳米HZSM-5沸石的骨架热稳定性及其作为催化剂的可再生性

采用高温焙烧和积炭失活-空气烧炭再生方法研究了纳米ZSM-5沸石的骨架热稳定性和用纳米HZSM-5沸石制成的芳构化催化剂的再生重复使用性能,还采用XRD、TG、FTIR、NH3-TPD和N2物理吸附,以及C4液化气固定床临氢芳构化反应对沸石和催化剂样品的物化性质作了表征.结果表明:纳米ZSM-5沸石具有良好的骨架热稳定性,在马弗炉的静止空气气氛中恒温焙烧800℃时仍可保持骨架结构.纳米HZSM-5型芳构化催化剂在C4液化气固定床临氢芳构化反应中不但活性稳定性好,而且可以再生重复使用,具有很高的工业应用价值.     

Theoretical analysis of all-optical 2R regeneration in a SOA-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

All-optical 2R regeneration in a semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer is theoretically analyzed. It is shown that the chirp of the regenerated signal is positive, while the input signal has no chirp. The peak extinction ratio (ER) of the regenerated signal is associated with the input wavelength and there exists an input wavelength corresponding to the largest ER of the output signal. The output peak ER is also found influenced by the input power, with lower input power getting higher peak ER.