THGEM探测器X光斑寻迹和位置分辨实验研究

介绍了一种基于THGEM的X射线光斑寻迹探测器,用于X射线单光子计量技术研究和测量,探测器有效面积200 mm×200 mm,采用128路基于ASIC和FPGA的高速读出电子学,探测器分为中间高分辨区和外围低分辨区两部分,两部分共用一套读出电子学。实验在中国计量科学研究院利用X光机产生的束线,测试光斑位置、光斑精细分布以及探测器的位置分辨。实验结果表明,探测器实现了同时对光斑寻迹和光斑的精细测量,探测器中间高分辨区x方向的位置分辨率为0.63 mm（FWHM）,y方向位置分辨率为0.62mm（FWHM）,探测器各项性能指标均达到了预期目标。This paper introduces the detector of X-ray spot tracing based on the THGEM. It is used for X ray single photon measurement technology research and measurement with an effective area of 200 mm×200 mm. The circuit board has 128 array of high speed readout electronics based on ASIC and FPGA. And it is divided into two parts:the middle area of high sensitive and the peripheral area of low sensitive. The two parts share a set of readout electronics. The experiment tests the position and the fine structure of the beam line produced by X ray machine in National Institute of Metrology. The results of the experimental show that the detector realizes both the spot tracing and the fine structure of the spot. The position resolution is 0.63 mm in x direction and 0.62 mm in y direction in high sensitive of the detector, which achieve the desired goal of preliminary design.     

秸秆燃烧排放PM2.5特征及影响因素研究

生物质燃烧向大气中排放大量颗粒污染物, 在中国, 收获季节大量秸秆被直接露天燃烧处理, 对区域环境质量和人体健康造成严重影响. 对我国最主要的两种粮食作物玉米和小麦秸秆的露天燃烧进行模拟, 分析颗粒物排放水平, 特征及影响因素. 玉米和小麦秸秆燃烧PM_2.5排放因子分别为1082.8和835.7~897.3 mg/kg. 有机物是颗粒物最主要组分, 总量占PM_2.5质量的42%~66%. Cl^-和K⁺分别占PM_2.5总质量的4%~15%和2%~14%, K⁺/EC值为0.5~3.8. 各物种在颗粒物中所占比例与之前研究结果一致. 秸秆含水量和燃烧温度影响PM_2.5排放水平和组成特征. 随秸秆含水量增加, PM_2.5和OC的排放因子增加; 秸秆含水量增加, 燃烧温度逐渐降低, 由生物质燃料释放进入烟气中的K⁺和Cl^-比例逐渐减小导致二者在颗粒物中的比例降低. 我国每年由玉米和小麦秸秆露天燃烧排放的PM_2.5和OC分别为92.7 Gg和47.5 Gg, 在总量中占重要比例.     

Non-Gaussian water diffusion kurtosis imaging of prostate cancer

Purpose

To evaluate the non-Gaussian water diffusion properties of prostate cancer (PCa) and determine the diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis (DK) imaging for distinguishing PCa from benign tissues within the peripheral zone (PZ), and assessing tumor lesions with different Gleason scores.

Materials and Methods

Nineteen patients who underwent diffusion weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging using multiple b-values and were pathologically confirmed with PCa were enrolled in this study. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was derived using a monoexponential model, while diffusion coefficient (D) and kurtosis (K) were determined using a DK model. Differences between the ADC, D and K values of benign PZ and PCa, as well as those of tumor lesions with Gleason scores of 6, 7 and ≥ 8 were assessed. Correlations between parameters D and K in PCa were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. ADC, D and K values were correlated with Gleason scores of 6, 7 and ≥ 8, respectively.

Results

ADC and D values were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in PCa (0.79 ± 0.14 μm²/ms and 1.56 ± 0.23 μm²/ms, respectively) compared to benign PZ (1.23 ± 0.19 μm²/ms and 2.54 ± 0.24 μm²/ms, respectively). K values were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in PCa (0.96 ± 0.20) compared to benign PZ (0.59 ± 0.08). D and K showed fewer overlapping values between benign PZ and PCa compared to ADC. There was a strong negative correlation between D and K values in PCa (Pearson correlation coefficient r = − 0.729; p < 0.001). ADC and K values differed significantly in tumor lesions with Gleason scores of 6, 7 and ≥ 8 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), although no significant difference was detected for D values (p = 0.325). Significant correlations were found between the ADC value and Gleason score (r = − 0.828; p < 0.001), as well as the K value and Gleason score (r = 0.729; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

DK model may add value in PCa detection and diagnosis. K potentially offers a new metric for assessment of PCa.     

On-line immobilized acetylcholinesterase microreactor for screening of inhibitors from natural extracts by capillary electrophoresis

In this study we developed a simple capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with an on-line acetylcholinesterase (AChE) microreactor at the inlet of capillary for inhibitor screening. The fused-silica capillary surface was modified with a polycationic polyethylenimine coating. Solutions of the enzyme and chitosan were then injected to immobilize the enzyme in approximately 2.9?cm of the capillary inlet (total length of capillary 60.2?cm) by electrostatic interaction and the film overlay technique. Separation of enzyme reaction product (thiocholine, ThCh) and unreacted substrate (acetylthiocholine, AThCh) was achieved within 3.0?min. The conditions affecting the efficiency of reaction of the enzyme were optimized by measuring the peak area of ThCh. Under the optimum conditions, using Huperzine-A as model inhibitor, K (i) and IC (50) were 0.551?μmol?L(-1) and 1.52?μmol?L(-1), respectively, for immobilized AChE. Finally, screening of a small compound library containing two known AChE inhibitors and 30 natural extracts was conducted, and species with inhibition activity were directly identified. Compared with previous publications on screening for AChE inhibitors in natural products based on CE methods, the method developed in this work has the advantages of lower cost per analysis, less leakage, and better bioaffinity for the immobilized enzyme because of the unique properties of sodium alginate and chitosan.     

Iridium-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated aliphatic alkenes with amides and sulfonamides

The intermolecular addition of N-H bonds to unactivated alkenes remains a challenging, but desirable, strategy for the synthesis of N-alkylamines. We report the intermolecular amination of unactivated α-olefins and bicycloalkenes with arylamides and sulfonamides to generate synthetically useful protected amine products in high yield. Mechanistic studies on this rare catalytic reaction revealed a resting state that is the product of N-H bond oxidative addition and coordination of the amide. Rapid, reversible dissociation of the amide precedes reaction with the alkene, but an intramolecular, kinetically significant rearrangement of the species occurs before this reaction with alkene.     

La3+提高拟南芥耐旱能力研究

稀土元素有着广泛的生物学效应,稀土作为微肥在我国农业广泛使用.然而,稀土对植物抗旱性影响的研究很少.以模式植物拟南芥为材料,研究了不同浓度的镧(La3+)对植物根生长以及对植物耐旱能力的影响.结果表明,10和100 μmol ·L-1的La3能显著促进根生长,提高植物耐旱能力;1μmol·L-1La3+没有明显促进根生长,但显著提高了植物耐旱能力;1和10 mmol·L-1的La3+不能促进根生长,同时还降低了植物耐旱能力.该结果提示,稀土农用过程中要重视剂量的使用,同时避免带来生态环境问题.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly luminescent CdSeTe@ZnS-SiO2 quantum dots and their application in the detection of Cu(II)

Highly luminescent and low toxic glutathione-capped CdSeTe@ZnS-SiO(2) quantum dots were successfully synthesized via a promising microwave strategy, and then applied in the detection of Cu(2+).     

Do Eu dopants prefer the precipitated LaF3 nanocrystals in glass ceramics?

Previous experimental results, using techniques associated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), suggested that rare‐earth dopants prefer the precipitated fluoride nanocrystals to the glass matrix. By contrast, this work shows that contradicting results can be obtained under different experimental conditions. In the silicate glass containing LaF₃ nanocrystals, the Eu dopants distribute indistinguishably in the precipitated LaF₃ and the silicate glass matrix. However, electron beam exposure during the measurement can relocate Eu, leading to the false conclusion that apparently Eu prefers the precipitated LaF₃ nanoparticles to the glass matrix. Fortunately, the artefact can be avoided by shortening the exposure time. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

ANALYSIS OF NANOBRIDGE TESTS

This paper analyzes nanobridge tests with consideration of adhesive contact deformation, which occurs between a probe tip and a tested nanobeam, and deformation of a substrate or template that supports the tested nanobeam.Analytical displacement-load relation, including adhesive contact deformation and substrate deformation, is presented here for small deformation of bending.The analytic results are confirmed by finite element analysis.If adhesive contact deformation and substrate deformation are not considered in the analysis of nanobridge test data, they might lead to lower values of Young＇s modulus of tested nanobeams.     

Statistical analysis of Fe abundances gradients in the Galaxy

Using the high precision data of the proper motions and parallaxes from Hipparcos catalogue, we obtained the orbital parameters of 1302 stars in the Galaxy based on the mass distribution model provided by Allen and Santillón. Fe abundances of 1295 stars among our samples were analyzed. With the correlation analyses between [Fe/H] and orbital parameters, we obtained that the Fe gradient is - 0.057 ± 0.007 dex/kpc along the direction of the maximum galactocentric distance (hereafter DG_max) in the range of 8.5 kpc < DG_max < 17 kpc. We also got the result that the vertical gradient is steeper than the radial gradient. Furthermore, we divided the samples into two subgroups: giants and dwarfs; F, G and K stars; and then analyzed them respectively. Our results show that the gradient becomes flatter and flatter from giants to dwarfs, from F type to G and K type stars. We also divided the samples into disk and halo stars using maximum vertical distance Z_max = 1 kpc as the criterion and got the result that the abundances of the disk stars are much higher than that of the halo stars. Our work suggests the existence of the galactic gradient and supports those chemlcal evolution medels which show that the halo was formed before the disk at the early stage of the Galaxy.