葡萄糖和水混合溶液中多组份电解质溶液热力学I: HCl-NaCl-D-glucose-H2O体系(5-45℃)

本文在恒定葡萄糖质量百分数x=10%的条件下,应用电动势法测定无液体接界电池(A)和电池(B)的电动势: Pt,H2(1.013X10^5 Pa)|HCl(m),D-Glucose(x),H2O(1-x)|AgCl-Ag Pt,H2(1.013X10^5 Pa)|HCl(ｍA),NaCl(ｍA),D-Glucose(x),H2O(1-x)|AgCl-Ag (B) 根据电池(A)电动势确定混合液中的Ag-AgCl电极的标准电极电势,讨论了HCl的迁移性质;利用电池(B)的电动势确定了HCl在该体系中的活度系数γA,结果表明,在恒定总离子强度下,HCl的活度系数服从Harned 规则。在溶液组成恒定时,lgγA是温度倒数1/Τ的线性函数,进一步讨论了混合物中HCl的相对偏摩尔焓,计算了HCl的介质效应。     

铁基超细粒子催化剂的F－T反应性能研究Ⅱ．制备参数的影响

详细考察了制备参数对Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能的影响。适量的Ｍｎ可以显著提高Ｆｅ基超细粒子催化剂的低碳烯烃选择性和抑制ＣＨ＿４的生成，同时活性没有明显降低，但Ｍｎ含量太高反而会起到不良影响。与普通分解法相比，控制降解法制得的Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ超细粒子催化剂具有更高的Ｆ－Ｔ反应活性和低碳烯烃选择性。由不同前驱体制得的Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ催化剂中，以草酸复合物制得的催化剂反应性能最佳。第二金属组分的影响是显著的：Ｍｇ导致产物移向轻质组分，ＣＨ＿４含量显著增加，烯烃选择性下降，含氧物的形成受到抑制；Ｍｎ和ｈ导致产物向重质组分偏移，ＣＨ＿４选择性降低，烯烃选择性提高，含氧物含量降低。这种选择性变化模式可从催化剂结构特点得到较好解释。     

Pr含量对Bi_5Fe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)Ti_3O_(15)室温多铁性的影响

采用改良的固相烧结工艺制备了Bi5-xPrxFe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15(BPFCT-x,x=0.25,0.50,0.75,0.80)陶瓷样品.X射线衍射结构分析表明:镨(Pr)含量对样品微观结构产生了影响,但所有样品均为层状钙钛矿结构;BPFCT-x样品的剩余极化强度(2Pr)随着掺杂量的增加呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,当Pr含量为0.75时,样品的2Pr达到最大值,为6.43μC/cm2.样品的磁性与铁电性能具有相同的变化规律,室温下样品的剩余磁化强度(2Mr)也呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,并且也在x=0.75时达到最大为0.097 emu/g.随着Pr掺杂量增大,样品的室温下铁电和铁磁性能得到明显改善,并且当掺杂量为0.75时,样品室温多铁性最好.Pr掺杂降低了样品中的缺陷浓度,从而提高了样品铁电畴动性,这有助于提高样品铁电性能.而样品铁磁性能的改善可能与Pr对样品晶格畸变产生的影响有关.     

Simple and practical method of characterizing the parametric down-conversion source

Parametric down-conversion(PDC) sources play an important role in quantum information processing, therefore characterizing their properties is necessary. Here we present a statistical model to assess the properties of the PDC source with certain distribution, such as the brightness and photon channel transmissions, we only need to measure the singles and coincidences counts in a few seconds. Furthermore, we validate the model by applying it to a PDC source generating highly non-degenerate photon pairs. The results of the experiment indicate that our method is more simple, efficient, and less time consuming.     

基于铜-巯基配位聚合物电化学催化的新型乙酰胆碱酯酶电化学传感器

乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）是普遍存在于周围神经系统中的一种关键酶,可特异性催化底物乙酰胆碱发生水解反应,产生胆碱和醋酸盐,这一过程与阿尔兹海默症和炎症过程等相关疾病有着密切的关系.在本研究中通过硫代胆碱（TCh）与Cu（Ⅱ）反应合成了一种铜-巯基配位聚合物[命名为TCh-Cu（Ⅱ）CP],并发现该聚合物具有独特的电催化活性,基于此构建了一种用于AChE活性检测和抑制剂筛选的新型电化学生物传感平台.结果表明,该聚合物修饰在电极表面后可以催化邻苯二胺产生明显的电化学信号,信号强度与AChE浓度在0.05至100 mU·mL^-1范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.03 mU·mL^-1（S/N=3）,通过该方法还实现了AChE抑制剂的筛选.和传统的检测方法相比,该传感方法具有制备简单、选择性高和灵敏度高等特点.     

尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料首周充放电过程的结构与动力学研究

以NaOH为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备尖晶石LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄正极材料,使用X-射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶转换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析材料结构与表面形貌. 结果表明,该材料属于空间群的无序尖晶石LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄材料,由八面体粒子团聚成3 ~ 6 μm的大粒子. 恒电流充放电结果显示,材料在0.1C倍率下首周放电比容量为121.5 mAh·g^-1,经过150周充放电后,材料比容量无明显衰减,其容量保持率为99%. 用PITT和原位XRD联用技术研究了充放电过程中材料的结构与锂离子扩散系数之间的关系. PITT法测得材料中锂离子的扩散系数为10^-10 ~ 10^-11 cm²·s^-1.     

硼烯化学合成进展与展望

硼烯是由硼原子构成的单原子层厚的二维材料,具有丰富的化学和物理性质。本文集中介绍近年来硼烯在合成方面的理论与实验研究进展,重点分析基底、生长温度、生长前驱物等因素对硼成核选择性的影响,探讨能够促进硼烯成核的潜在方法。进一步将分析硼烯生长机制及理论研究方法,以此展望通过在基底上化学气相沉积合成硼烯的可能途径。本文旨在促进大面积、高质量硼烯样品的制备以推动硼烯的实际应用。     

Electrostatic surface trap for cold polar molecules on a chip

We propose a simple scheme for trapping cold polar molecules in low-field seeking states on the surface of a chip by using a grounded metal plate and two finite-length charged wires that half embanked in an insulating substrate, calculate the electric field distributions generated by our charged-wire layout in free space and the corresponding Stark potentials for ND3 molecules, and analyze the dependence of the trapping center position on the geometric parameters. Moreover, the loading and trapping processes of cold ND3 molecules are studied by using the Monte Carlo method. Our study shows that the loading efficiency of the trap scheme can reach 11.5%, and the corresponding temperature of the trapped cold molecules is about 26.4 mK.     

Improved decoy-state quantum key distribution with uncharacterized heralded single-photon sources

Encoding system plays a significant role in quantum key distribution(QKD). However, the security and performance of QKD systems can be compromised by encoding misalignment due to the inevitable defects in realistic devices. To alleviate the influence of misalignments, a method exploiting statistics from mismatched basis is proposed to enable uncharacterized sources to generate secure keys in QKD. In this work, we propose a scheme on four-intensity decoy-state quantum key distribution with unchar...     

Semi-Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum State Tomography

As a fundamental tool in the quantum information field, quantum state tomography can be used to reconstruct any unknown state. Generally, it needs a tomographically complete set of measurements, such that all measurements are fully characterized. Here, we propose a semi-measurement-device-independent quantum state tomography protocol, which only needs one characterized measurement and a trusted ancillary system. Furthermore, we perform corresponding experiments using linear optics. Our results s...