聚合物{[CuII(Hpb) (mal)]H2O}n :单体的量子化学计算和磁性研究

{[Cu^Ⅱ（Hpb）（mal）]H=O}n （Hpb=2-2＇-pyridylbenzimidazole, mal=maleic acid） is a helical chain-like polymer complex. In order to investigate the electronic structure of the complex, the monomer Cu^Ⅱ（Hpb）（mal） was obturated with different functional groups respectively. For these selective segments, the geometry optimizations were conducted by using hybrid DFT （B3LYP）methods to find that the structure obturated with H2O was better consistent with the experiment, and then this model would be used to latter calculations, such as the frontier molecular orbital and the NBO charge population analysis. In addition the magnetic behaviors of this complex were analyzed by experiments and the weak antiferromagnetic couple between copper（Ⅱ） ions was observed. The exchange coupling constant was calculated by DFT based on the spin broken symmetry formalism. The calculated coupling constants were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

含芯电子相关能修正的G2理论——G2(ful)

A general method in considering the core electronic correlation energies has been proposed and introduced into the standard Gaussian-2 (G2)[7] theory by small post-Hartree-Fock calculations. In this paper an additional MP2(FC)/6-31G(d) calculation over the G2 procedures is employed and examined in modification in modification to the flaw of Frozen-Core (FC) approximation of G2 vai eq.:
ΔE(full)= E[MP2(full)/6-31G(d)]-E[MP2(FC)/6-31G(d)]
where the MP2(full)/6-31G(d) energy has been obtained in the molecular geometry optimizations. This energy, ΔE(full), is directly added into the total G2 energy of a molecule in facilitating the effect of core electronic correlations for each molecule in chemical reactions. It has been shown that the over-all average absolute deviation for the 125 reaction energies of the G2 test set (test set 1) is slightly reduced from 5.09 to 5.01 kJ, mol(-1) while for the 55 D0 values, which have been used for the derivation of the A coefficient of the empirical High-Level...更多-Correction (HLC), it is also reduced from 4.99 [for both G2 and G2(COMPLETE)[8]]to 4.77 kJ• mol(-1). In addition, larger errors (greater than ±8.4 kJ•mol(-1) for the D0 energies are improved, especially for the largest error of the D0 of SO2 This error is reduced from 21.3 to 15.4 kJ. mol(-1), in which the experimental geometry would further reduce it by 7.1kJ.mol(-1)[8]. Another improvement is the absolute value of the A coefficient in HLC being reduced from 4.81 for G2 to 4.34 milli-hartrees which is believed to be useful in isolating the relationship between the HLC and the FC approximation. Modifications to the original G2 from this work is denoted as G2(fu 1) and thus the G2 (fu 1) total energy for a molecule is
E[G2(fu 1)]= E[G2]+Δ E(full)h
with a new ΔE[HLC] =-0.19α- 4.34nβ milli-hartree.     

铂硅铝催化剂的铂分散度与催化性能的关系

研究了不同类型铂硅铝催化剂的铂分散度,并考察了它和催化剂的酸性及活性等相互之间的关系。发现当改变酸性或铂分散度时,催化剂的铂总面积和酸性以及活性三者之间都有平行变化的趋势。这些结果都可用表面复合体生成的观点解释,但与分离中心的观点有所矛盾。     

F-T合成校正综合动力学模型

考虑了烯烃、醇与酸的再吸附及其非本征效应(烯烃、醇与酸在催化剂孔道中的扩散作用、物理吸附及溶解度效应)对产物分布的影响,推导了基于详细反应机理的亚甲基插入的烷基机理F-T合成校正综合动力学模型.利用文献数据对动力学模型进行了回归,获得了与文献报道结果相一致的动力学参数.由校正动力学模型计算的烷烃、烯烃、醇与酸产物分布及烯烃比、醇烃比及酸烃比与实验数据较好地吻合.动力学计算结果表明,在铁锰催化剂上,烷烃、烯烃、醇与酸生成的反应是平行竞争反应,烯烃、醇与酸在催化剂表面的再吸附及二次反应导致产物分布偏离了ASF分布.动力学研究还表明,相同碳数的醇与酸产物在催化剂表面上再吸附及二次反应的机会比相同碳数的烯烃大.通过比较相同碳数的烯烃、醇与酸的分子体积及沸点,指出了在铁锰催化剂上,低碳数的烯烃、醇与酸的再吸附及二次反应对产物分布影响的非本征效应中,烯烃、醇与酸的扩散阻力不是主导效应.     

C_(70)R_2(R=OH,CH_3)的结构和电子光谱

INDO方法研究了C70R2（R＝OH，CH3）4种异构体的结构和稳定性，表明1，9－C70（OH）2比7，8－C70（OH）2稳定，两者能量差为38．5kJ／mol，而7，8－C70（CH3）2比1，9－C70（CH3）2能量低23．0kJ／mol．以优化构型为基础，对C70R2（R＝OH，CH3）的电子光谱进行了理论预测．     

主动力信息足以确定静摩擦力的指向吗?

摩擦力既是教学的重点,更是教学的难点,特别是静摩擦力的指向确定。文章将阐述:首先,就计算而言,静摩擦力指向确定并不重要;第二,对某些动力学问题,主动力信息不足以唯一确定静摩擦力的指向;第三,在某些特殊条件下,比如运动刚体的质心位于接触点法线上(如无质量偏心的圆柱),由主动力向撞击中心简化的主矩可确定静摩擦力的指向;第四,把摩擦面假想成光滑面后,运动刚体在接触点的切向加速度指向与该处静摩擦力的指向相反。     

低β 162.5 MHz taper型HWR腔的机械性能分析（英文）

北京大学正在设计β=0.09,频率为162.5 MHz taper型的二分之一波长射频超导谐振腔(HWR腔),这种腔针对高流强质子束(约100mA)和氘束(约50mA)的加速而设计。对于这种超导腔而言机械性能分析是十分重要的,可以通过机械性能分析来估计由于腔体的形变带来的频率偏移。用ANSYS分析了由于液氦压力不稳定造成的麦克风效应以及洛伦兹力造成的腔体失谐,并且对沿腔体轴线方向的调谐进行了分析。模拟结果显示这只腔压力敏感系数为31.1 Hz/kPa,洛伦兹力系数为-0.41Hz/(MV·m~(-1))~2。腔体的调谐范围达到±177kHz,足够补偿腔体可能的频率偏移。腔体的机械性能满足腔体正常运行的要求。     

GFC-空间中的GFs-KKM定理及其对重合问题的应用（英文）

在GFC-空间中引入GFs-KKM映射,建立GFs-KKM定理.作为应用,获得GFC-空间中广义γ-GFs-对角拟凹弱γ-转移紧下半连续泛函的变分不等式、弱转移紧闭集的几何截口定理和弱转移紧开值集值映射的重合定理.我们的结论统一、改进和推广了一些近期文献的已知结果.     

铱单原子和纳米粒子在N2O分解反应中的协同催化

原子捕获法是在高温条件下制备高热稳定单原子催化剂的有效方法之一. 但该方法制备的单原子催化剂通常面临着催化活性低、 反应适用范围窄的问题. 因此, 拓展这类单原子催化剂的应用是亟待解决的难点. 本文采用高温捕获法制备的铱(Ir)单原子催化剂在氮氧化物分解反应中的催化活性较低, 但是在继续负载纳米粒子后, 单原子与纳米粒子之间表现出显著的协同催化作用. X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和CO吸附的原位漫反射红外光谱(CO-DRIFTs)表征结合反应动力学分析揭示了反应的活性中心是金属态的Ir纳米粒子. 虽然氧化态的Ir单原子不能直接活化N₂O分子, 但是可以改变Ir纳米粒子的电子结构和吸附性能. 氧气程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)实验证实, 单原子的存在可以促进O₂从Ir纳米粒子上脱附, 从而提高催化剂的反应活性.     

常压干燥法制备气凝胶的研究进展

气凝胶是一类轻质、低密度的三维纳米多孔固态材料,因其独特的高孔隙率、高比表面积和低导热系数等特性,使其在吸附、催化、保温隔热和隔音等诸多领域具有广泛的用途,目前其相关研究在材料科学领域受到了广泛的关注。气凝胶的制备主要包括溶胶-凝胶过程和湿凝胶干燥两个步骤,湿凝胶的干燥是制备气凝胶过程中至关重要而又较为困难的一步。传统的气凝胶通过超临界干燥制备,工艺复杂、成本高,而且由于干燥过程在高温高压条件下进行,有一定的危险性并且不适宜大规模生产,因此如何通过常压干燥获得高比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度的性能优异的气凝胶是其研究的重要方向之一。本文简要介绍了湿凝胶的制备以及凝胶干燥理论,详细介绍了近年来常压干燥方法气凝胶制备的研究进展,并对其未来发展前景做出了展望。