大幅提高视觉密度国家基准测量水平的方法研究

随着生物医学影像和航天军事测量的发展,对用于光学成像底片和视觉校正的视觉密度的测量范围和不确定度的要求越来越高.以自行设计的光纤半球发射器形成的复合漫射器为特征的新方案将视觉漫透射密度国家基准的光源漫射系数提高到0.945,比欧美国家基准高0.02—0.03.实验得到新基准的测量范围为0—6.0,合成不确定度为0.0015(0相似文献   

Proficiency evaluation as a traceability link in chemical metrology

Traceability implies comparison of the results of measurements, or comparison to national or international measurement standards. One of several approaches that have been used in chemistry to provide for such comparisons is distribution of proficiency evaluation materials which have been measured by a reference laboratory. A newer approach is based on receipt and measurement at a reference laboratory of materials that have been produced and analyzed by other laboratories. Traceability concepts and approaches to realization will be described together with discussion of the relative merits of various approaches. Extension into metrological fields other than chemistry will also be explored. Received: 14 November 2000 Accepted: 11 December 2000     

Measurement of vibration with Young's fringe modulated speckle patterns in a photorefractive correlator

A technique has been proposed to analyze small in-plane component of vibrations by measuring the fringe shift, and analysing the correlation output of captured vibrating Young's fringes with a photorefractive correlator. Fringes are formed due to interference between the reconstructed speckled beam recorded for stationary object beam, and vibrated speckled beam transmitting through a BaTiO₃ crystal after introducing a small shift in the diffuser position. The correlation peak intensity is affected due to mismatch of vibrations between two piezo-mirrors in the object beam. High correlation output gives an indication of the frequency matching of known reference and unknown vibrations, thus giving information on the frequency of vibration. Vibration amplitudes of the order of a wavelength of light have been measured by counting the number of fringes passing past a line in the observation plane.     

A stereoscopic digital speckle photography system for 3-D displacement field measurements

Stereoscopic digital speckle photography offers a technique to measure object shapes and 3-D displacement fields in experimental mechanics. The system measures the displacement of a random white light speckle pattern, which somehow is present on the object surface, using digital correlation. This paper describes a general physical model for stereo imaging systems. A camera calibration algorithm, which takes the distortion in the lenses into account, is also presented and evaluated by real experiments. Standard deviations of small deformations as low as 1% of the pixel size for in-plane deformations and 6% of the pixel size for the out-of-plane component are reported. Using the calibration algorithm described, the main source of errors is random errors originating from the correlation algorithm.     

Quantum Probes for the Characterization of Nonlinear Media

Active optical media leading to interaction Hamiltonians of the form H=λ˜(a+a†)ζ represent a crucial resource for quantum optical technology. In this paper, we address the characterization of those nonlinear media using quantum probes, as opposed to semiclassical ones. In particular, we investigate how squeezed probes may improve individual and joint estimation of the nonlinear coupling λ˜ and of the nonlinearity order ζ. Upon using tools from quantum estimation, we show that: (i) the two parameters are compatible, i.e., the may be jointly estimated without additional quantum noise; (ii) the use of squeezed probes improves precision at fixed overall energy of the probe; (iii) for low energy probes, squeezed vacuum represent the most convenient choice, whereas for increasing energy an optimal squeezing fraction may be determined; (iv) using optimized quantum probes, the scaling of the corresponding precision with energy improves, both for individual and joint estimation of the two parameters, compared to semiclassical coherent probes. We conclude that quantum probes represent a resource to enhance precision in the characterization of nonlinear media, and foresee potential applications with current technology.     

Accelerating the development of phase-change random access memory with in-fab plasma profiling time-of-flight mass spectrometry

We demonstrate the potential of using plasma profiling time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PP-TOFMS) to accelerate process developments for phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) applications, which require advanced materials with composition-driven properties. We assess the performances of PP-TOFMS for the chemical depth-profiling of GeSbTe phase change materials, first after deposition steps to investigate the top surface layer and the incorporation of silicon into the amorphous matrix, then after the thermal annealing step to refine in situ capping strategies, and finally in close loop with etching process steps. Comparison of reference-free semiquantitative PP-TOFMS analysis based on ion beam ratio with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry shows remarkable agreement (~10% relative). PP-TOFMS proves to be a fast screening tool, which allows process monitoring and selection of samples that indeed need more complex analysis.     

Expanding the metrology of Coulombic efficiency using neutron depth profiling

The metrology of Coulombic efficiency (CE) is widely used for the qualification of rechargeable batteries particularly in assessing their state of health and the expected lifetime. The quantity of CE is conventionally defined as the ratio of the electric charge capacity in one round-trip cycle of discharge and charge of a battery. For better diagnosis of the health, failure and lifetime of rechargeable batteries, it is desirable to expand the traditional CE of the round-trip electric charge to including that of the round-trip CE of ionic charges as well as those of single trip CEs of ionic/electric charges for charging and electric/ionic charges for discharging. To enable such expansion, in operando ion metrology is needed. For the mainstream technology of lithium-containing batteries, neutron depth profiling is one of the techniques suited for Li ion metrology. In this report, we demonstrate the application of in situ neutron depth profiling to expanding the metrology of Coulombic efficiencies to include all four CEs. The methodology of expanded CE is exemplified using measurements and analyses on a model battery of LiFePO₄ vs. Li.     

光纤倏逝波生物传感器及其应用

以光纤倏逝波原理，研制成功一台光纤倏逝波生物传感器。该传感器对纯净的Cy5荧光染料溶液的检测灵敏度达0．01μmo1／1；对浓度为0．01μmo1／1的嗜肺军团菌核酸样品的测量信噪比为4．61。所有检测结果与商品化生物芯片扫描仪同时检测得到的结果具有很好的一致性。     

一种被动式辐射测温系统的波长及其带宽设计

介绍了采用PIN硅光电二极管作光接收器件实现的一种被动式实时测温系统。该系统主要由光学接收系统、信号放大与处理系统及显示系统三部分组成。从系统的相对测温灵敏度及探测器的温度分辨力与波长间的关系出发,结合大气对红外辐射的透射特性,确定了系统的工作波长;从系统的抗反射辐射能力出发,并结合探测器的最小可探测光功率要求,确定了系统的波长带宽。从P1、P2的测量不确定度出发,讨论了待测目标的发射率及温度的测量精度。结果表明,当λ=0.80μm、Δλ=20nm时,在测温范围600~2500℃内,系统的测温不确定度优于0.3%,满足设计要求。     

Accuracy and sensitivity of a hole drilling and digital speckle pattern interferometry combined technique to measure residual stresses

This paper reports on the accuracy and sensitivity of digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) when it is combined with the hole drilling technique for measuring residual stresses. The in-plane displacement field generated by the introduction of a small hole is determined using an automated data analysis approach. This method is based on the calculation of the optical phase distribution through a phase-shifting method and the application of a robust iterative phase unwrapping algorithm. It is experimentally demonstrated that residual stresses can be measured with a relative uncertainty of 7.5%. It is also shown that the minimum value of residual stress that can be determined with the DSPI and hole drilling combined technique is about 10% of the yield stress of the material.