不同形态SnO2纳米晶的制备

In this paper, we report our research on morphologically selective synthesis of nanocrystalline SnO2 by the combination of hydrothermal preparation and calcinated process. We firstly prepared SnO2 nanocrystals by the hydrothermal method at 140 ℃ for 3 h, using SnCI4 as the reactant. With the initial pH of 1.8 or 1.34, we prepared uniform and well-dispersed SnO2(tetragonal) nanocrystals, with similar size of about 3 nm, as determined by TEM. However, after being calcinated at 500 ℃ for 2 h, specimen 1 prepared at pH＝1.8 showed the rod-like shape with an average size of 5 nm×20 nm, while the other one(specimen 2)prepaed at pH＝1.34 showed a granular shape with an average size of 10 nm. XRD experiments showed that specimen 1 had a new diffraction peak after calcination, which was contributed by the (023) face of orthorhombic SnO2. The experiment results indicated that the morpholgy of SnO2 nanocrystals after calcination was closely related to the initial acidity of the reaction solution, possibly due to the difference in surface properties, e.g. the difference in crystalline faces exposed to the surface of particals, under different hydrothermal conditions.     

垂直上升气液环状流流动参数的数值计算

提出了一个新的气核-液膜耦合模型来求解垂直上升气液环状流在充分发展段的流动参数.本模型考虑了液膜、气核以及它们之间的相互影响和作用.模型中基本的气核区域和液膜区域的质量和动量方程由Fluent6.3.26进行求解,而液滴方程以及相界面上的夹带和沉积作用通过用户自定义接口函数UDF(User Defined Functi...     

成相无机盐种类对PEG双水相相平衡影响

不同种类无机盐分别与PEG1000、PEG2000、PEG,4000和PEG6000构成双水相体系,在298.15K下,采用浊点滴定法研究双水相体系相平衡,通过Merchuk经验方程拟合实验点确定双水相体系的双节线,进而考察成相无机盐种类对PEG双水相相平衡的影响.结果表明:具有相同阴离子,易于形成双水相的无机盐顺序为...     

基于氢键自修复的交联型聚酰胺胺化学凝胶的制备与性能研究

通过试管倒立法和流变学测试对交联型聚酰胺胺凝胶的形成进行了判定。实验结果表明,直观的试管倒立法对聚酰胺胺凝胶形成的判定是有效的。通过对影响凝胶形成的各因素分析发现,在R=1.25、反应温度50℃、甲醇溶剂中制备的凝胶在单体质量浓度大于22%时能够形成凝胶,且符合IPN凝胶的制备要求。通过对聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)和N-氨乙基哌嗪(AEPZ)的红外分析可以看出,本文中MBA与AEPZ可以发生交联反应,生成PAMAM,同时对加入LiBr的PAMAM和未加入LiBr的PAMAM红外分析表明,交联聚酰胺胺中含有丰富的氢键相互作用,为材料的自修复提供了可能。通过对PAMAM-1(单体质量浓度22%)、PAMAM-2(单体质量浓度27%)和PAMAM-3(单体质量浓度32%)的平衡溶胀率测试可以看出,PAMAM-1具有最大的溶胀率。通过对三者的动态模量测试,PAMAM-1、PAMAM-2和PAMAM-3的G′分别为5000Pa、15000Pa和24000Pa,说明凝胶具有良好的弹性。以PAMAM-3为例表征了材料的自修复过程,表明制备的交联型聚酰胺胺能够通过氢键及物理的相互作用对材料进行修复,在药物缓释等方面有潜在应用。     

基于同步辐射X射线荧光光谱与一维卷积神经网络的癌症筛查方法

癌症是全球范围内引起高发病率与高死亡率的疾病之一。现有癌症检测方法耗时、昂贵、专业人员依赖性强，开发一种无损、快速筛查方法非常重要。在前期工作基础上，发展了基于同步辐射X射线荧光光谱技术(SRXRF)与深度学习技术结合的一种非靶标金属组学方法筛查癌症患者。首先，分析控制组与癌症组共269份血清样本的SRXRF谱线，得到Ca、Mn、Zn、Ge、Br在两类人群中具有代表性差异，可以作为癌症筛查的标志物；其次，对于平均光谱进行归一化(Normalization)、迭代自适应加权惩罚最小二乘法(airPLS)、Savitzky-Golay平滑(SG)、标准正态变换(SNV)的预处理，并建立偏最小二乘判别分析(PLSDA)、K近邻法(KNN)、软独立建模分类法(SIMCA)的化学计量学模型，三种模型对癌症筛查的最优准确率分别为89.89%、93.26%、90.95%;最后，基于像素级光谱，搭建三种一维卷积神经网络(1DCNN)模型，三种模型准确率分别为93.56%、95.24%、93.27%,相对于化学计量学模型均有所提高，增加卷积层的数量有助于数据特征提取，模型准确率提高了1.68%。将三种模...     

乙醇/硫酸铵双水相体系萃取螺旋藻多糖的研究

考察了低分子有机溶剂与无机盐-乙醇/硫酸铵双水相体系萃取螺旋藻多糖的可行性及影响因素。研究结果表明:为除去并有效回收螺旋藻细胞中的蛋白质成分,在藻细胞破碎后进行盐析沉淀蛋白质,再采用传统的热水浸提法,可得到螺旋藻多糖的溶出率为38.44±1.12mg/g干燥粉;通过乙醇/硫酸铵双水相体系的萃取分配,在w(乙醇)=19%,w(硫酸铵)=27.5%(即双水相体系系线长度TLL=42.9),体系相比VR=1.05,pH=7.0时,螺旋藻多糖的收率可达84.5±1.45%,富集因子可达6.2。该研究结果表明廉价的乙醇/硫酸铵双水相萃取螺旋藻多糖将有望开发成为一条简洁、高效、低成本的螺旋藻多糖分离提取工艺。     

基于电商产品的使用质量控制

我国电子商务日益发达,但电商产品质量问题一直未得到很好地解决。本文首先研究了电商产品使用过程的质量控制问题,接着以淘宝网上热销的某款产品为例,收集了2013年自6月24日到8月12日之间的所有消费者评价,先通过文本分析和处理获取定量数据,再使用统计控制图来进行过程质量控制。本文的研究说明了产品使用的质量控制具有必要性和可行性。     

我国食品安全问题中人为故意行为作用机理路径研究

食品安全关乎国计民生.现阶段,我国食品安全问题凸显,其中人为因素是食品安全事件频发的主要原因.以"掷出窗外网"收集的2004-2013年间全国范围内的1117条食品安全事件为研究对象,分别提炼出了作坊与正规企业中人为故意导致食品安全事件的主要作用机理路径,研究发现,这些事件的作用机理路径均服从幂律分布,且这些事件发生的时间间隔时间序列具有长程相关性.最后,给出了相应的风险防控对策.     

First-principles calculations of the hole-induced depassivation of SiO2/Si interface defects

The holes induced by ionizing radiation or carrier injection can depassivate saturated interface defects. The depassivation of these defects suggests that the deep levels associated with the defects are reactivated, affecting the performance of devices. This work simulates the depassivation reactions between holes and passivated amorphous-SiO₂/Si interface defects (HP_b+h→ P_b+H⁺). The climbing image nudged elastic band method is used to calculate the reaction curves and the barriers. In addition, the atomic charges of the initial and final structures are analyzed by the Bader charge method. It is shown that more than one hole is trapped by the defects, which is implied by the reduction in the total number of valence electrons on the active atoms. The results indicate that the depassivation of the defects by the holes actually occurs in three steps. In the first step, a hole is captured by the passivated defect, resulting in the stretching of the Si-H bond. In the second step, the defect captures one more hole, which may contribute to the breaking of the Si-H bond. The H atom is released as a proton and the Si atom is three-coordinated and positively charged. In the third step, an electron is captured by the Si atom, and the Si atom becomes neutral. In this step, a P_b-type defect is reactivated.