甲酰胺对有序介孔二氧化硅形貌的影响

At room temperature and in acidic solution, ordered mesoporous silicas with particular morphology were synthesized using cetylpyridinium chloride as the template and formamide as the cosolvent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), small angle X-ray diffraction (SXRD), and nitrogen adsorption techniques were used to characterize the as-synthesized and calcined samples. Results showed that the samples had hexagonal mesostructure analogous to MCM-41 and relatively narrow pore-size distributions (BJH). Besides, BET surface areas of the samples were in the range of 1 000～1 250 m²·g^-1 and high total pore volumes were up to 1.367 cm³·g^-1. Addition of formamide affected obviously mesostructures and the morphology of the mesoporous silica. Furthermore, with the increase of the concentration of formamide, the unit-cell constant decreased and particle shape changed from gyroids to fibers.     

结合电生孔技术的抗体-纳米TiO2靶向光敏杀癌细胞

报道了用免疫、电生孔和纳米TiO₂光催化组合技术进行杀伤结肠癌LoVo细胞的研究. 先把结合LoVo细胞表面CEA抗原的单克隆抗CEA抗体吸附在纳米TiO₂微粒表面, 抗体-纳米TiO₂复合微粒就会自动吸附到LoVo细胞的表面, 然后用电脉冲法使LoVo癌细胞的细胞膜上产生小孔, 促使纳米TiO₂微粒进入癌细胞内部. 最后在紫外光照射下使TiO₂纳米粒子在癌细胞内部发生光催化氧化作用, 杀伤癌细胞. 结果表明, 这种组合技术具有很高的杀癌细胞能力. 在仅含3.12 μg/mL抗体-纳米TiO₂的细胞培养液内和强度为4 mW/cm²的紫外光照射下, 可在30 min内将所有LoVo癌细胞杀死. 这种技术对LoVo癌细胞的杀伤力远高于对不表达CEA抗原的人正常TE353.sk细胞的杀伤力, 显示了组合技术杀癌细胞的高选择性. 因此, 这种组合技术有望成为治疗癌症的新方法, 值得进一步探索.     

聚乙二醇作造孔剂制备大孔溶胶凝胶生物活性玻璃

Two kinds of macroporous bioglasses were prepared via sol suspension and precipitate using Polyethylene Glycol particles as pore former. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Intrusion Mercury Porosimetry, mechanical strength test and in vitro bioactivity test. These glasses exhibited a hierarchical structure with interconnected macropores (10～300 μm) and mesopores (2～50 nm) framework. In vitro tests showed that the samples had excellent bioactivity. The samples derived from precipitate showed better macroporous structure and much higher mechanical strength.     

CaTiO3纳米粉体溶胶-凝胶法合成、表征及介电特性

采用无机盐溶胶-凝胶法制备了CaTiO₃纳米粉体，采用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM等技术进行了表征，并探讨了CaTiO₃纳米粉体烧结特性及介电效应。结果表明，干凝胶800 ℃低温煅烧可获得粒径分布较窄、平均粒径为60～70 nm的单相CaTiO₃纳米粉。纳米CaTiO₃粉具有较大的比表面积，使作为粉体烧结驱动力的表面能剧增，促使CaTiO₃在1 200 ℃实现致密烧结，比固相法制备的微米粉烧结降低100～200 ℃，且具有较宽的烧结温区。与微米级粉体烧结体介电特性相比，纳米粉具有更高的Q_f值。纳米CaTiO₃粉制备的陶瓷在1 250 ℃烧结2 h，获得优良的介电性能：ε_r=172，Q_f=4 239 GHz，τ_f=+7.68 × 10^-4 ℃^-1。     

WOx/TiO2光催化剂的可见光催化活性机理探讨

采用磁控溅射技术在用浸渍提拉法制得的TiO2薄膜上，溅射氧化钨层,通过气相反应中光催化降解二甲苯的实验表明，WOx/TiO2薄膜具有可见光活性.通过UV-Vis吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对其可见光活性的机理进行探索.UV-Vis吸收光谱表明WOx,TiO2对可见光响应的范围有一定的扩展,吸收强度增加.XPS表明WOx/TiO2薄膜表面形成了明显的W杂质能级和Ti缺陷能级,这是WOx/TiO2在可见光范围有一吸收的主要原因,也是光催化剂具有可见光活性的必要条件之一，同时杂质能级的存在使半导体费米能级上移,载流子增加,光催化效率提高.     

铽(III)掺杂TiO2纳米材料相转移和光催化性质研究

以无水丁二醇为溶剂在中性条件下用溶胶凝胶法制备了系列Tb~(3+)(x=0. 0025～0.07)均匀掺杂的二氧化钛纳米材料。研究结果表明，Tb~(3+)掺杂对纳米二 氧化钛的相转移有很强的抑制作用。这种抑制作用的强弱与Tb~(3+)掺杂的浓度有 密切关系，Tb~(3+)(x = 0.02)的掺杂对TiO_2锐钛矿(anatase)向金红石(rutile) 转化的抑制作用最强。伴随着发生相转移温度的提高，掺杂纳米二氧化钛材料的高 温烧结大大缓解，掺杂纳米TiO_2的热稳定性明显增强；掺杂浓度越高，热稳定性 提高越大。对罗丹明的光降解实验表明，Tb~(3+)掺杂可以有效提高TiO_2光催化活 性。对不同浓度、不同煅烧温度样品光催化降解活性进行系统考察后发现，Tb~ (3+)(x=0.02)掺杂的样品在不同煅烧温度下均显示出最好的光催化效率，说明掺杂 浓度对其光催化性质影响很大。用浸渍法制备的样品其光催化活性较纯的二氧化钛 低，并且其催化活性随浸渍浓度的增加而降低，表明稀土离子的分布是影响稀土掺 杂纳米TiO_2光催化性质的主要因素之一。     

A ONE-STEP SURFACE MODIFICATION PROCEDURE TO PEG-GRAFTED NANO-TITANIA

PEG （Polyethylene Glycol）-grafted nano-titania has been obtained in a one-step procedure using hexamethylene diisocyanate as the coupling agent and dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst in toluene at 80℃ and characterized qualitatively by FTIR and quantitatively by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A comparison of nano-titania with two other commonly used inorganic nanoparticles, nano-silica and nano-alumina, is made, revealing that reactivity order is nano- silica 〉 nano-alumina 〉 nano-titania in view of PEG grafting. Possible mechanism of PEG grafting is also discussed.     

高分散纳米二氧化钛混合晶体的合成、结构与光催化性能

Using TiCl₄ and urea as the raw materials and nanometric carbon black as plate, nanometric mix-crystals of rutile and anatase TiO₂ were prepared at 100 ℃ for 10～180 min by homogeneous precipitation method. The effects of pH on the ratio of nanometer TiO₂ mix-crystals were also discussed. TEM measurement indicates that the TiO₂ is spherical particles, and the average diameter of the particles is 20 nm. XRD and TG-DTA were also used to characterize the nanometer mix-crystal materials. The photocatalytic experiment show that the mix-crystal material has the best photocatalytic reactivity. After being irradiated under the sunlight for 40 min, the compound can completely degrade the acid-red 3R.     

立方介孔相含钇氧化硅的合成与表征

以低浓度的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构导向剂,在碱性条件下通过水热法合成了具有立方结构的含钇Y MCM 48介孔分子筛材料。XRD测试表明当Y/Si<0.05时可以获得典型的长程有序介孔立方结构相,随Y/Si比的增加,晶胞参数的增大和红外吸收光谱(FTIR)的变化为Y进入介孔分子筛骨架中提供了有力证据。N2吸附-脱附实验给出这种立方介孔材料的BET表面积为1180m2·g-1,BJH平均孔径为3.4nm。紫外 可见漫反射光谱(UV vis)证明钇以一种六配位的形式存在。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进一步证明钇以三价形式存在于立方介孔分子筛骨架中。     

尿素作为添加剂低温制备高活性的TiO2光催化剂

以钛酸丁酯为原料,尿素作为添加剂,在酸性水溶液中室温制备了稳定透明的TiO2水溶胶。经过300℃低温焙烧2 h,得到了由锐钛矿和金红石组成的TiO2混晶。用XRD、FT-IR对催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为降解对象研究了TiO2的光催化活性,实验结果显示所制备的TiO2具有比Degussa P25更高的催化活性,15m in后的降解率达到了78%(P25,58%)。考察了尿素添加量以及焙烧温度对TiO2催化性能的影响,当尿素与钛酸丁酯物质的量之比为3∶1,300℃下焙烧2 h为较适宜的催化剂制备条件。初步探讨了尿素作为添加剂在低温制备高活性TiO2过程中的作用。