A Study on VOCs Released by Lung Cancer Cell Line Using GCMS-SPME

The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) with combination of Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) was used to study the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which emitted by the in-vitro cultured human cells and compared with documented volatile biomarker of lung cancer. For this purpose, the lung cancer cell (A549) and non-cancerous lung cell (WI38VA13) were cultured in identical growth medium, concurrently. The VOCs in the headspace of the cell cultures and the blank growth media (reference sample) were collected directly from the culture flask using SPME for 15minutes. The results show that two different volatile metabolites were screened out between A549 cells and Wi38VA13 cells. A549 cell found to emit 2 noticeable VOC which are decane and heneicosane. While for WI38VA13, the VOCs released were 1-Heptanol and heptadecane. The acquired VOCs were compared with the previous studies. The findings in this work conclude that the specific VOC of cells can be act as their odour signature and can be used to provide non-invasively screening of lung cancer using gas array sensor devices.     

锐钛矿相TiO2(101)表面对有机分子不同官能团微观吸附的机制

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)严重危害了生态环境和人体健康,因此对具有典型官能团的VOCs气体进行灵敏检测具有重要意义.文章研究了具有典型官能团的VOCs气体C₂H₂、C₂H₄、HCOOH、CH₃OH、HCHO和CH₃COCH₃分子在锐钛矿相TiO₂(101)表面吸附的传感特性.结果表明：具有氧空位缺陷的表面对极性分子吸附时,偶极矩越大,吸附体系越稳定;对非极性分子吸附时,C原子成键饱和程度越低,吸附体系越稳定.分析发现,差分电荷密度和电荷布局体现出偶极矩大小和C原子成键饱和程度对气体分子得失电子能力的影响.对于极性分子,气体分子官能团中O原子得到电子的能力为OCH₃COCH₃>OHCHO>OCH₃OH>OHCOOH;对于非极性分子,官能团中C原子得到电子的能力为CC₂H₂>CC     

密闭舱内VOCs现场快速定量检测技术与装置研究

该文发展了可对压强变化的密封舱实现计量采样-富集的采样技术,基于薄壳金属筒式低功耗均温色谱柱组件,结合微池热导检测器/小型氢火焰离子化检测器,建立了一种对密闭舱内挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行现场快速定量检测的方法和装置。根据负压罐和密封舱的压强差值和绝压值以及温度,计算出有效采样体积(折算到标准大气压),进而计算出富集倍数。当有效采样体积为100 mL时,对甲苯的富集倍数大于400倍。所研制的色谱柱组件将色谱柱紧密排绕在薄壳式金属筒外层,加热丝紧密排绕在金属筒内侧,可实现小于0.4℃的均温效果和40℃/min的程序升温速率。在以10℃/min加热至300℃过程中,功耗低于35 W,300℃恒温加热功率仅需28 W。将色谱柱组件的分离性能(包括半峰宽、柱效、分离度和重复性)与实验室进口色谱仪炉箱得到的结果进行对比,发现两种加热方式得到的色谱分离性能相当。采用多种VOCs样品对采样-富集性能进行评价。在高速分离模式下,5 min内可实现53种VOCs的快速分离,半峰宽均小于0.8 s。研制出的整机已应用于烃类、苯系物、醇类、醛酮类等多种VOCs的快速分析,并与商品化便携式气相色谱或气相色谱-质谱的性能参数进行了对比,结果满意。     

Toluene abatement on Ag-CeO2/SBA-15 catalysts: synergistic effect of silver and ceria

As a typical volatile organic compound, toluene is a hazardous material for human health and the environment, and currently, the development of catalysts for its oxidation into CO₂ and water is crucial. The series of Ag-CeO₂/SBA-15 catalysts is synthesized by wetness impregnation techniques and characterized by a number of physical-chemical methods (nitrogen [N₂] physisorption, small angle X-ray scattering [SAXS], transmission electron microscopy [TEM], and temperature-programmed reduction [TPR]). The toluene sorption and catalytic properties in toluene oxidation are studied. Small silver [Ag] and cerium oxide [ceria, CeO_2] particles with sizes below 3 nm are predominantly formed in the ordered structure of Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 [SBA-15]. The interactions between the Ag and CeO₂ nanoparticles are established. Temperature-programmed desorption of toluene [TPD-C₇H₈] analysis shows that physical adsorption of toluene occurs on pristine SBA-15 material, while the introduction of either silver or ceria to SBA-15 leads to the appearance of additional strongly bound chemisorbed toluene on such sites. When both Ag and CeO₂ are introduced, only chemisorbed toluene is formed over the Ag-CeO₂/SBA-15 catalyst, and the highest catalytic activity in toluene oxidation is observed over this catalyst (T_98% = 233 °C, 0.2% C₆H₅CH₃) that is attributed to the synergistic effect of ceria [CeO_2] and silver [Ag].     

Development of a Water Matrix Certified Reference Material for Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis in Water

Water matrix certified reference material (MCRM) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is used to provide quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) during the analysis of VOCs in water. In this research, a water MCRM of 28 VOCs was developed using a “reconstitution” approach by adding VOCs spiking, methanol solution into pure water immediately prior to analysis. The VOCs spiking solution was prepared gravimetrically by dividing 28 VOCs into seven groups, then based on ISO Guide 35, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the homogeneity and long-term stability. The studies of homogeneity and long-term stability indicated that the batch of VOCs spiking solution was homogeneous and stable at room temperature for at least 15 months. Moreover, the water MCRM of 28 VOCs was certified by a network of nine competent laboratories, and the certified values and expanded uncertainties of 28 VOCs ranged from 6.2 to 17 μg/L and 0.5 to 5.3 μg/L, respectively.     

水中挥发性有机物分析前处理技术研究进展

环境水体中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的种类繁多,含量在(ng/L～μg/L)范围内。本文总结了2003年以来测定水样中VOCs的8种前处理技术,包括顶空单液滴微萃取(HS-SDME)、中空纤维液相微萃取(HF-LPME)、分散液液微萃取(DLLME)、顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)、搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)、静态顶空(HS)、吹扫捕集法(P&T)和针式毛细管吸附阱(INCAT)的进展情况。比较了它们的优缺点,并展望了VOCs的分析方法。     

The effect of volatile organic compounds and hypoxia on paper degradation

The possible effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and of hypoxic conditions on the durability of library and archival collections have been investigated. There is growing evidence that particularly in micro-environments, there may be an important contribution of these indoor-generated pollutants to the degradation of paper. However, since the principal source of VOCs in repositories is the collections themselves, there are also significant possibilities for less stable papers, which are net VOC emitters, to promote the degradation of more stable papers, which may be net VOC absorbers.Using a range of model and real historic papers, the influence of acetic acid, formic acid, furfural, toluene, 1,4-diethylbenzene, iso-butylbenzol, 2-pentylfuran, paraformaldehyde, hexanal and vanillin was evaluated by adding them to samples degraded in closed vessels at elevated temperature. Possible protective effects of the use of activated charcoal cloth, oxygen removal, and of various chemisorbents were also investigated.The results strongly suggest that particularly VOCs with acidic or oxidisable functions can have a strong effect on degradation of cellulose. This is less pronounced in lignin-containing and acidic papers and more pronounced in papers with a small alkaline reserve. The removal of VOCs from the immediate environment can have a pronounced beneficial effect on papers emitting VOCs more intensively, in fact, the lifetime expectancy can be doubled.The results have immediate implications for storage of paper-based heritage in enclosures, but also for initiation of long-term VOC monitoring programmes in libraries and archives, where significant development is still needed.     

VOCs在吸附剂上吸附性能的热力学研究

采用色谱法与热重(TG)法,测量了正己烷、甲苯和乙酸乙酯在活性炭、5A、NaY、13X、ZSM-5 (SiO_2/Al_2O_3=27、300)、Hβ以及M CM-41等吸附剂上不同温度下的吸脱附行为,并基于反相气相色谱法测得的数据,计算了其吸附热力学参数ΔH、ΔS和ΔG,分析了上述VOCs分子与吸附剂之间的作用机制,并借助FT-IR验证了吸附质在分子筛表面的吸附机制。结果表明,上述吸附过程存在物理吸附和化学吸附两种方式,其中,物理吸附的作用力大小与吸附剂的孔径分布和分子直径相关,而化学吸附的作用力大小依赖于分子筛硅铝比和Ca~(2+)、Na~+、H~+等阳离子及吸附质分子的偶极矩,且强的化学吸附使得部分吸附质分子的脱附温度高于200℃。     

Unveiling the secondary pollution in the catalytic elimination of chlorinated organics: The formation of dioxins

Since the discovery of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) in the process of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI),a large number of researches have been conducted to reveal their formation mechanisms and emission characteristics.As one of national priority control pollutants,chlorinated organics are inclined to transfer into PCDD/Fs in the heterogeneously catalyzed process,which has been considered to be one of great challenges in environmental catalysis.However,so far direct evidences to support such a conversion process are insufficient,and the reaction mechanisms are lack of exploration.This study investigated the catalytic elimination of chlorobenzene(CBz) over a range of industrially applied active species including Pt,Ru,V,Ce and Mn oxides,and explored their reaction byproducts,chlorine adsorption/desorption behaviors and PCDD/F formations.We found that all of these species could generate the PCDD/Fs,amongst which,Mn species were the most active for PCDD/F formation.Approximately 140 ng I-TEQg-1 PCDD/Fs were detected on the Mn-CNT surface after ageing at250℃ for 30 h.Even using the dichloromethane(DCM) as a precursor,significant PCDD/Fs were still detected.The Ru and V species were shown to generate much less polychlorinated byproducts and PCDD/Fs,owning to their sufficiently high abilities in Cl desorption,which were through the semi-Deacon and Br(?)nsted H reactions,respectively.     

Facile synthesis of mesoporous ZSM-5 aided by sonication and its application for VOCs capture

Application of ultrasound power to the mother liquor is popular pretreatment for zeolite synthesis which offers a simple way of accelerating crystallization process and finetuning the properties of nanocrystalline zeolites. In this work, sonication-aided synthesis of mesoporous ZSM-5 at low temperature and ambient pressure was systematically studied, in an attempt to reach efficient and benign synthesis of zeolites with hierarchical pore structure, which has wide applications as catalysts and sorbents. The effects of sonication duration, power density, sonication temperature and seeding on the crystallization of ZSM-5 were investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and VOCs capture. High quality mesoporous ZSM-5 can be obtained by a facile 5 d synthesis at 363 K, much faster than conventional hydrothermal synthesis. The reduced synthesis time was mainly attributed to the enhanced crystallization kinetics caused by the fragmentation of seeds and nuclei, while sonication radiation had little impact on the nucleation process. Compared with control sample, mesoporous ZSM-5 prepared by sonochemical method had higher surface area and mesoporosity which demonstrated improved adsorption performance for the capture of isopropanol.