Zr柱撑蒙脱土上负载稀土铈及铜铈催化剂的制备与表征

The Zr-pillaraed montmorillonite supported Ce and Cu-Ce catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The performance of the catalysts was evaluated via the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (acetone, ethyl acetate, and toluene). The results showed that after supporting with Ce and Cu-Ce, the catalysts had a better reducibility. Moreover, the surface areas of the samples were increased. In addition，it was found that the Zr-pillared montmorillonite supported Cu-Ce catalysts had a higher activity and the reaction temperature decreased by 150～200 ℃ compared with the sample without Cu-Ce modification.     

Comparison of perchloroethylene extraction techniques in soil gas survey quantification

Subsurface pollution by volatile organic compounds has emerged as a widespread problem in industrialized countries. This study compares static headspace technique and methanol extraction/purge-and-trap analysis followed by thermal desorption/gas chromatography in attempts for quantification of gas survey results in the determination of these chemicals in soil. Several soils were contaminated with aqueous solution of perchloroethylene (PCE) (140 mg L⁻¹) using a vapor treatment method. Soil spiking took place up to 24 h in desiccator by exposing individual soil samples contained in open 40 mL glass vials to PCE evaporated from the solution. After exposure the samples were stored and analyzed within 2 days. The achieved results strongly suggest that gas extraction can provide quantitative results, regarding PCE concentration in soils, which are not significantly different from liquid based extraction analysis.      

多孔建材中VOC扩散系数的两尺度模型

基于对建材微观结构的分析和压汞实验,提出了预测建材中有机挥发物(VOC)扩散系数的宏观一介观两尺度模型.和传统的从压汞实验计算扩散系数方法不同的是,本模型不仅考虑了孔隙率,还对孔的尺度分布和孔的连接方式进行了研究和分析.三种不同中密度板中VOC的散发实验表明,采用新模型计算的扩散系数比文献中的传统模型更好地吻合实验数据.     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定紫外光固化胶印油墨中27种溶剂残留

建立了同时测定紫外光固化（UV）胶印油墨中27种溶剂残留（挥发性有机化合物,VOCs）的顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-GC-MS）法。将UV胶印油墨样品模拟印刷制成一定面积、厚度的试样,在紫外灯下烘烤1 min,经80℃、45 min静态顶空后,通过VOC专用毛细管柱分离和质谱检测,外标法定量。27种VOCs均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数（R²）均≥0.9950;方法的检出限（LODs,S/N=3）为0.001~0.310 mg/m²,定量限（LOQs,S/N=10）为0.003~0.920 mg/m²;样品的平均加标回收率为80%~108%,相对标准偏差（RSD）<6%（n=6）。该方法制样便捷,灵敏度高,精密度好,准确度高,将其应用于实际UV胶印油墨样品的检测,取得了良好效果。     

大气有机物热脱附-全二维气相色谱-火焰离子化分析方法

全二维气相色谱（GC×GC）是20世纪90年代发展起来的具有高分辨率、高灵敏度、高峰容量等优势的分离技术,在我国将其用于大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）研究方面才刚刚起步.本文将GC-GC与氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）联用,构建了用于测量大气有机物的热脱附-全二维气相色谱-氢火焰离子化分析系统（TD-GC×GC-FID）.采用HP-5MS和HP-INNOWAX色谱柱,建立了C5-C15大气有机物分析方法,实现了一次分析过程同时分离非甲烷烃（NMHCs）、含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）和卤代烃等多种组分.利用标准物质和四级杆质谱（qMS）进行定性,外标法结合FID质量校正因子定量.目标物在GC-GC谱图中第一和第二维保留时间变化分别小于0.6s和0.02s,峰体积平均相对标准偏差为14.3%,其中烷烃和芳香烃为4.5%.标准曲线r2均值大于0.99,平均检出限为6.04ng,平均回收率为111%.利用该方法检测到2010年1月北京市区大气中400多种有机物（信噪比大于50）,鉴定了其中的103种物质,包括烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、醛、酮、酯、醇和醚等.所测定有机物平均总浓度为51.3×10-9V/V,其中OVOCs约占51%,芳香烃约占30%,烷烃约占15%,卤代烃和烯烃分别占3%和1%.平均浓度最高的前3个组分是乙醇（9.84×10-9V/V）、丙酮（6.72×10-9V/V）和甲苯（3.48×10-9V/V）.     

Rapid removal of selected volatile organic compounds from gaseous mixtures using a new dispersive vapor extraction technique: A feasibility study

A new dispersive vapor extraction (DVE) technique for rapid removal of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gaseous mixtures was investigated. In this technique, less than 1.0 mL of a volatile solvent was vaporized for 8 min in a 250-mL flask containing a gaseous mixture. The flask was then cooled under running tap water for 2-3 min to induce condensation of the vapor and co-extraction of the VOCs from the headspace. The technique was tested over a concentration range of 4-23 ppb, and resulted in extraction efficiencies ranging from 80 to 97% for the VOCs tested. Because of its simplicity and the relatively short sampling time, DVE could potentially lead to high sample throughput and rapid air analysis.     

Heterogeneous adsorption and catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene and xylene over spent and chemically regenerated platinum catalyst supported on activated carbon

The heterogeneous adsorption and catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene and o-xylene (BTX) over the spent platinum catalyst supported on activated carbon (Pt/AC) as well as the chemically treated spent catalysts were studied to understand their catalytic and adsorption activities. Sulfuric aqueous acid solution (0.1N, H₂SO₄) was used to regenerate the spent Pt/AC catalyst. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts in the spent and chemically treated states were analyzed by using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and elemental analysis (EDX). The gravimetric adsorption and the light-off curve analysis were employed to study the BTX adsorption and oxidation on the spent catalyst and its modified Pt/AC catalysts. The experimental results indicate that the spent Pt/AC catalyst treated with the H₂SO₄ aqueous solution has a higher toluene adsorption and conversion ability than that of the spent Pt/AC catalyst. A further studies of H₂SO₄ treated Pt/AC catalyst on their catalytic and heterogeneous adsorption behaviours for BTX revealed that the activity of the H₂SO₄ treated Pt/AC catalyst follows the sequence of benzene > toluene > o-xylene. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms of BTX on the H₂SO₄ treated Pt/AC were measured at different temperatures ranging from 120 to 180 °C. To correlate the equilibrium data and evaluate their adsorption affinity for BTX, the two sites localized Langmuir (L2m) isotherm model was employed. The heterogeneous surface feature of the H₂SO₄ treated Pt/AC was described in detail with the information obtained from the results of isosteric enthalpy of adsorption and adsorption energy distributions. Furthermore, the activity of H₂SO₄ treated Pt/AC about BTX was found to be directly related to the Henry's constant, isosteric enthalpy of adsorption and adsorption energy distribution functions.     

吸附—光催化联用去除室内挥发性有机物*

多孔吸附剂吸附和纳米TiO₂光催化是目前室内挥发性有机物（VOCs）去除所采用的主要手段。但存在吸附剂容量有限、饱和失效、TiO₂光催化剂活性低、失活和负载困难等问题。多孔吸附剂与纳米TiO₂联用,通过TiO₂光催化作用可实现吸附剂的原位再生,增加吸附剂的吸附容量;通过多孔吸附剂的吸附作用可为TiO₂光催化提供高浓度污染环境,提高催化剂活性,抑制催化剂失活,消除水蒸气分子对TiO₂表面活性吸附位的竞争吸附,解决催化剂分离难题;从而实现对室内VOCs污染的高效深度净化。本文对近年来多孔吸附剂与纳米TiO₂光催化联用去除室内VOCs进行了综合评述。介绍了吸附—光催化联用去除室内VOCs的多孔吸附剂类型,吸附/光催化复合材料的制备方法及常用反应器,分析了吸附—光催化联用去除室内VOCs过程中水蒸气、催化剂失活对光催化的影响等问题。     

氨基改性复合凝胶的制备及吸附木家具中VOCs性能研究

采用改性共溶胶-凝胶法将壳聚糖与无机相的二氧化硅制备形成氨基改性交联复合凝胶并添加入聚氨酯涂料(PU漆中)和木基材中。结果表明:制得的氨基改性交联复合凝胶孔径大小为12μm^16μm,既保留了凝胶的轻质结构和介孔特性,又含有壳聚糖所具有的活泼有机基团,对PU漆和木基材的VOCs都有一定吸附作用,其中对于杉木中VOCs吸附作用最强,达到了72.86%。说明此方法具有一定的可操作性,为木家具的污染防治增添了一种新的方法,具有规模化的应用前景。     

The effect of volatile organic compounds and hypoxia on paper degradation

The possible effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and of hypoxic conditions on the durability of library and archival collections have been investigated. There is growing evidence that particularly in micro-environments, there may be an important contribution of these indoor-generated pollutants to the degradation of paper. However, since the principal source of VOCs in repositories is the collections themselves, there are also significant possibilities for less stable papers, which are net VOC emitters, to promote the degradation of more stable papers, which may be net VOC absorbers.Using a range of model and real historic papers, the influence of acetic acid, formic acid, furfural, toluene, 1,4-diethylbenzene, iso-butylbenzol, 2-pentylfuran, paraformaldehyde, hexanal and vanillin was evaluated by adding them to samples degraded in closed vessels at elevated temperature. Possible protective effects of the use of activated charcoal cloth, oxygen removal, and of various chemisorbents were also investigated.The results strongly suggest that particularly VOCs with acidic or oxidisable functions can have a strong effect on degradation of cellulose. This is less pronounced in lignin-containing and acidic papers and more pronounced in papers with a small alkaline reserve. The removal of VOCs from the immediate environment can have a pronounced beneficial effect on papers emitting VOCs more intensively, in fact, the lifetime expectancy can be doubled.The results have immediate implications for storage of paper-based heritage in enclosures, but also for initiation of long-term VOC monitoring programmes in libraries and archives, where significant development is still needed.