Bi4Ge3O12:Er3+晶体中的高阶混合效应对EPR g因子的影响

通过对角化364×364完全能量矩阵的理论方法,对掺杂在Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂晶体中的Er³⁺的Stark能级和EPR参数进行了研究,同时,定量分析了高阶晶体场混合效应和J-J混合效应对EPR g因子的影响。研究结果表明:对Er³⁺来说,最主要的J-J混合效应来源于多重态谱项²K_15/2,其对EPR g因子的贡献约占2.5%,而最主要的高阶晶体场混合效应来源于第一激发多重态⁴I_13/2和基态多重态⁴I_15/2之间的晶体场混合,其对各向异性g因子中g_⊥的贡献大致是g_//的两倍(即g_⊥约占 0.21%,g_//约占0.092%),其他更高阶的晶体场混合和J-J混合效应可以忽略不计。因此,对于Er³⁺掺杂的络合物系统来说,只考虑基态多重态⁴I_15/2对EPR g因子的贡献应该是一个很好的近似。     

KH-570硅烷偶联剂表面改性微硅粉分散性研究

采用KH-570硅烷偶联剂在酸性条件下对微硅粉(SF)表面进行了改性,通过控制改性时间和改性剂用量确定了最佳工艺参数,并对改性前后的微硅粉进行了表征,同时测定接枝改性样品表面的羟基数和吸油值,分析其改性效果.结果表明:改性后的微硅粉(KH570-SF)吸油值明显降低,表面羟基数急剧减少,KH-570硅烷偶联剂分子成功的以化学键的形式接枝在微硅粉表面,微硅粉团聚现象减少,分散性得到改善,同时对硅烷偶联剂改性微硅粉机理进行了探讨,结合热重和红外光谱分析表明,KH-570硅烷偶联剂主要通过与微硅粉颗粒表面的-OH形成氢键缔合而吸附到微硅粉颗粒表面上.     

g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化机理研究

通过简单的溶剂热法成功制备出了g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及PL对所得催化剂的物相结构及形貌和光学性能进行了表征,通过降解甲基橙和光解水产氢实验研究所得催化剂的催化性能及其催化机理.由实验可知,W18O49的含量为50;时所得g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂的降解性能最好,其降解率比纯g-C3N4纳米片提高48;;为进一步研究复合光催化剂的电子-空穴传输机理,我们又进行了光解水制氢实验.结果表明:单一的W18O49无产氢活性,它的复合明显降低了g-C3N4的产氢速率,说明复合结构中光生电子是从g-C3N4传递到了W18O49,表现出明显的Ⅱ型异质结复合特征,而不是部分文献所提出的Z型方式.     

掺杂稀土铁磁性纳米复合粉体的制备

采用水热法以FeCl2和KOH为原料制备Fe3 O4粉体,以氧化钇、氧化铕和氧化铽为原料制备Y2 O3:1;Eu3+,5;Tb3+粉体,然后以Fe3 O4粉体,Y2 O3:1;Eu3+,5;Tb3+粉体和三聚氰胺为原料,采用微波烧结法在Ar气气氛下制备FeYO3/Y2 O3:1;Eu3+,5;Tb3+复合粉体,利用XRD衍射仪对各种粉体的结构进行分析,利用扫描电镜对复合粉体的形貌进行观察,并利用振动样品磁强计对复合粉体的磁学性能进行研究.结果表明:复合粉体均呈针状,长度和细度均为纳米级.当Fe3 O4,Y2 O3:1;Eu3+,5;Tb3+和三聚氰胺比例为1:3:4时,所制备的FeYO3/Y2 O3:1;Eu3+,5;Tb3+粉体磁力最强,磁力饱和强度为11.3 emu·g-1.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

Advances in high carbon dioxide separation performance of poly(ethylene oxide)-based membranes

Poly(ethylene-oxide)(PEO)-based membranes have attracted much attention recently for CO2 separation because CO2 is highly soluble into PEO and shows high selectivity over other gases such as CH4 and N2.Unfortunately,those membranes are not strong enough mechanically and highly crystalline,which hinders their broader applications for separation membranes.In this review discussions are made,as much in detail as possible,on the strategies to improve gas separation performance of PEO-based membranes.Some of techniques such as synthesis of graft copolymers that contain PEO,cross-linking of polymers and blending with long chains polymers contributed significantly to improvement of membrane.Incorporation of ionic liquids/nanoparticles has also been found effective.However,surface modification of nanoparticles has been done chemically or physically to enhance their compatibility with polymer matrix.As a result of all such efforts,an excellent performance,i.e.,CO2 permeability up to 200 Barrer,CO2/N2 selectivity up to 200 and CO2/CH4 selectivity up to 70,could be achieved.Another method is to introduce functional groups into PEO-based polymers which boosted CO2 permeability up to 200 Barrer with CO2/CH4 selectivity between 40 and 50.The CO2 permeability of PEO-based membranes increases,without much change in selectivity,when the length of ethylene oxide is increased.     

超薄屏蔽层300 V SOI LDMOS抗电离辐射总剂量仿真研究

本文研究了300 V绝缘体上硅横向双扩散金属氧化物半导体场效应管在电离辐射总剂量效应下的线性电流退化机理,提出了一种具有超薄屏蔽层的抗辐射结构实现线性电流加固.超薄屏蔽层位于器件场氧化层的下方,旨在阻止P型掺杂层表面发生反型,从而截断表面电流路径,有效抑制线性电流的退化.对于横向双扩散金属氧化物半导体场效应管,漂移区上的场氧化层中引入的空穴对线性电流的退化起着主导作用.本文基于器件工艺仿真软件,研究器件在辐照前后的电学特性,对超薄屏蔽层的长度、注入能量、横向间距进行优化,给出相应的剂量窗口,在电离辐射总剂量为0—500 krad(Si)的条件下,将最大线性电流增量从传统结构的447%缩减至10%以内,且辐照前后击穿电压均维持在300 V以上.     

硅基底复合自组装膜的制备及其微摩擦磨损性能研究

采用共吸附法，在硅基底表面制备3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APS)和十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(WD-10)复合自组装膜. 通过分子动力学模拟不同温度与混合分子在不同比例下的混合体系界面结合能；依据模拟结果，采用正交试验法设计试验方案制备9种不同条件下的自组装膜；采用原子力显微镜、接触角测定仪以及X射线光电子能谱仪对自组装膜的表面形貌、湿润性能和化学成分进行表征分析；利用微摩擦测试仪对自组装膜的微摩擦磨损性能进行性能测试. 结果表明:混合分子成功组装到羟基化硅基底表面，并且当组装温度为25 ℃，组装时间为4 h，组装溶液的pH为6时，自组装膜的质量较好；制备的复合自组装膜由于引起了边界润滑效应，有效减小了试件表面的摩擦磨损，且两种混合分子比例为1:1时自组装膜的减摩特性最佳.      

硅微谐振加速度计的模态分析与实验

针对硅微谐振加速度计在进行结构设计时,如何根据模态特性选取工作模态这一问题,比较分析了加速度计工作在两种不同振动模态下的性能参数。首先采用刚度法分析了谐振器的振动特性,得出能够反映谐振器振动状态的两种模态即同相振动模态和反相振动模态,结合理论推导和仿真结果得出两种振动模态下谐振频率差值与标度因数差值呈线性关系;其次通过分析两种振动模态下的能量分布情况,得出两种振动模态下谐振器的品质因数与振梁振动幅值之间的关系,同相模态振动一个周期所消耗能量约为反相模态所消耗能量的2倍;最后通过评估硅微谐振加速度计的噪声,阐明了两种振动模态下部分噪声分量不同的原因并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,在相同驱动电压下,同相模态相比反相模态总体噪声增大25.7%。该研究为设计硅微谐振式加速度计时,确定谐振器的振动模态及驱动方案提供了参考依据。