质子数Z 分别位于Ru 之上和之下的A~(100~126) 丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

基于Ru (Z = 44) 丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh (Z = 45),Pd (Z =46), Ag (Z =47), Cd (Z =48)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之上)及Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42),Tc (Z =43)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之下) 的A~ (100~126) 丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf 自发裂变瞬发 射线-- 三重符合、特别是新建立的--- 四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru, Pd, Cd 和Nb 丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM 和SCTAC 理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru 及其上的Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47) 和Cd (Z = 48) 丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh 丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ = 28°,并在103{106Rh 同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(N = 68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru (N = 70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru 中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd 中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag 核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag 中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag 中提出了趋于三轴形变的软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z = 50, N = 82满壳附近122,124,126Cd 核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 MeV), 经具有大三轴形变的Rh核γ=28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ~41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 MeV),再经Ag核中的软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh_11/2)2 中子转动顺排的上行驱动,和第二带交叉(πg_9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd 中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd, 两者均为N = 68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在N =68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru 和110Pd 多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru (Z = 44) 之下的Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42) and Tc (Z = 43) 丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了自由度;较重的Nb核(A = 104~106) 基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的Nb核(A≤103) 基态均接近轴对称形状;在Nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100Nb(N = 59),在100-106Nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在Nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A~(100~126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和Nb 同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。This paper reviews the systematic investigations and understanding for the shape transitions and coexistence with regard to triaxial deformations in A s 100 to 126 neutron-rich Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47), Cd (Z = 48) and Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42), Tc (Z = 43) isotopes with Z beyond and below Ru (Z = 44), respectively, in Ru the maximal triaxial deformation having been predicted and deduced. The recent measurements and studies of prompt triple- and four-fold, γ-γ-γ and γ-γ-γ-γ, coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using Gammasphere have yielded considerable expansion and extension or first observation of the bands in Ru, Pd, Cd, and Nb isotopes,which provided important data for the studies of nuclear shapes in this region. Combined with previous investigations, recent systematic studies of the new data well reproduced by PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM and SCTAC model calculations have traced shape changes along the isotonic and isotopic chains, respectively,and with changing excitations/spins as well, significantly expanding our knowledge of shape transitions/coexistence in nuclei.For the neutron-rich Ru and beyond, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd isotopes, triaxial deformations γ= 28°,slightly smaller than the maximal value, were deduced in Rh (Z = 45) isotopes, with chiral symmetry breaking proposed in 103-106Rh; onset of wobbling motions were identified in 112Ru and 114Pd (N =68),and probably also in 114Ru (N =70); evolution from chiral symmetry breaking in 110,112Ru with maximal triaxial deformations to disturbed chirality in 112,114,116Pd with less pronounced triaxial deformations was proposed; rich nuclear structure was proposed in soft Ag isotopes with possible chiral doubling structure suggested in 104,105Ag, and softness towards triaxial deformation proposed in heavier 115,117Ag;quasi-particle couplings, quasi-rotations and soft triaxiality were suggested in Cd (Z =48) isotopes with small deformations; onset of collectivity was recently suggested in 122,124,126Cd in the vicinity of Z =50 and N = 82 closed shells by studies of Coulomb excitations; shape evolutions from maximal triaxial deformations in Ru (γ=30°, with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.67 MeV), through Rh with large triaxial deformations ( γ=28°), to less pronounced triaxiality in Pd (with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.32 MeV), then soft triaxiality in Ag, and finally to slightly deformed Cd isotopes but with emergence of collectivity and soft triaxiality were proposed. The systematic studies of the band crossings in Pd revealed up-rising drivings of the first band crossings caused by (νh_11/2)2 and down-sloping drivings of the second band crossings by (πg_9/2)2, explained the onset of wobbling motions in 114Pd,and showed a long-sought picture of shape evolution and coexistence in the Pd isotopic chain which is more complete but complex than earlier predictions. Based on the systematic studies in the mass region,maximal triaxial deformation is found to be reached in 112Ru and less-pronounced triaxiality centered at 114Pd, both for N =68, four neutrons more than predicted in earlier theoretical calculations.In the neutron-rich Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42) and Tc (Z =43) isotopes with Z just below Ru, large quadrupole deformations of axially symmetric shapes were deduced in Y and Zr isotopes, with emergence of the degree of freedom having been suggested for heavier Zr isotopes; medium triaxial deformations were deduced for the ground states of heavier (A > 104) Nb isotopes, and, with increasing excitations and spins, evolution from medium triaxial deformations with strong quadrupole deformations at ground states to nearly axially-symmetric shapes were deduced; light Nb isotopes (A6103) have near axially-symmetric shapes with strong quadrupole deformations; combining with the identification of onset of strong quadrupole deformation at 100Nb in the Nb isotopic chain, an increase of soft triaxiality with increasing neutron number was proposed in 100-106Nb. Shape coexistence with regard to soft triaxiality is also proposed in Nb isotopes; large triaxial deformations, vibrations and chiral doublets were proposed in Mo isotopes; chiral doubling and large triaxial deformations (γ ~26°) slightly smaller than the maximal triaxiality were suggested in Tc isotopes.The neutron-rich nuclei with Z ranging from 41 through 48 and A ~100 to 126, especially the Pd and Nb isotopes are thus found to be transitional nuclei with regard to triaxiality.     

平衡电桥法测量金属丝弹性模量

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Magnetic properties of mixed Ising system with random field

A spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 mixed Ising system in a random field is studied by the use of effective-field theory with correlations. The phase diagrams and thermal behaviours of magnetizations are investigated numerically for the honeycomb lattice (z=3) and square lattice (z=4) respectively. The tricritical behaviours for both honeycomb and square lattices, as well as the reentrant behaviour for the square lattice are found.     

番茄苗期叶位色素含量高光谱检测及可视化研究

叶片色素含量是表征作物栽培基质营养元素和生理状态的重要指标;快速、精准获取色素含量及叶位分布规律是设施农业水肥精准化管理的基础。以番茄苗期不同叶位叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、叶绿素(Chll)和类胡萝卜素(Caro)为研究指标,用营养液配制10个氮素浓度;根据叶片位置摘取1 710片(285个样本)用于可见光-近红外高光谱采集;运用卷积平滑(S-G)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)和多元散射校正(MSC)对光谱数据预处理。首先采用竞争自适应加权算法(CARS)对特征波段“粗”提取,然后利用迭代和保留信息变量算法(IRIV)判断“粗”提取波段的重要性,并对强弱波段组逆向消除“精”提取最优波段集合,建立偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型。结果表明：(1)营养液氮素浓度为302.84 mg·L^-1,叶片色素含量最大,且高浓度的抑制作用高于低浓度,叶位色素含量呈上叶位>中叶位>低叶位分布规律;(2)采用CARS-IRIV-PLSR算法“粗-精”特征波段筛选策略分别对Chla、 Chlb、 Chll和Caro提取了4、 4、 10和11条特征波段,其R<...     

标准物质与分析测试 Ⅲ.标准物质的研制

本讲介绍标准物质研制过程中的四个重要步骤:制备;均匀性检查;定值;稳定性考察等。通过实例说明应用统计检验进行数据处理的方法。一、制备标准物质种类繁多,各类标准物质的制备方法各异。例如冶金标准物质通常经过配料、熔炼、铸造、     

具有HollingII类型功能反应的3种群捕食时滞模型

研究了具有HollingII类型功能反应的一捕食者有两个食饵的时滞系统,通过构造Lyapunov泛函得到了与时滞有关的系统全局渐近稳定的充分条件.     

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政策资源的运用是企业转型过程中不可或缺的方面,评价政策资源对企业转型的影响至关重要.鉴于此,以我国中小企业板块61家已转型上市企业为研究对象,收集其转型前后各3年数据,考察政策资源对企业转型的影响.通过构建多元线性回归分析模型和实证研究发现,政府补助和税收优惠对企业转型起积极作用,而信贷优惠对企业转型的作用并不明显.最后从政府的视角就制定、监管、创新政策,以及从企业视角就使用政策和利用政策资源不足等方面提出建议.     

Prototype studies on the forward MWDC tracking array of the external target experiment at HIRFL-CSR

A prototype of the forward tracking array consisting of three multiwire drift chambers (MWDC) for the external target experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility at the Lanzhou -Cooling Storage Ring (HIRFL-CSR) has been assembled and tested using cosmic rays. The signals from the anode wires are amplified and fed to a Flash-ADC to deliver the drift time and charge integration. The performances of the array prototype are investigated under various high voltages. For the tracking performances, after the space-time relation (STR) calibration and the detector displacement correction, the standard deviation of 223 μm of the residue is obtained. The performances of the forward MWDCs tracking array meets the requirements of CEE in design.     

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全介质膜窄带滤光片因具有优良的光学性能、较强的工艺性和空间环境适应性被广泛应用于空间多光谱遥感仪器中,但锥光束入射导致的中心波长漂移问题严重影响此类窄带滤光片的光谱选择性能。为了研究光锥角对窄带滤光片透射率特性的影响,设计了非规整型全介质膜窄带滤光片,分析了高斯光束倾斜入射窄带滤光片导致透射率的变化,建立了非均匀照度下锥光束正入射时窄带滤光片等效透射率的求解模型,定量求解了等效透射率及中心波长漂移量,并对理论模型进行了实验验证。结果表明,锥光束正入射对窄带滤光片透射率的影响主要表现为中心波长的蓝移;在镀膜工艺相对稳定的基础上,理论模型的等效透射率预测精度优于中心波长的0.15%。所以,可以使用等效透射率求解模型定量计算锥光束正入射导致窄带滤光片透射率的变化,并利用中心波长漂移量修正后的设计数据指导滤光片镀膜,进而实现窄带滤光片的高精度光谱选择,这为解决介质膜窄带滤光片因锥光束入射导致的中心波长漂移问题提供了新的技术途径。     

Bending of uniformly loaded rectangular plates with two adjacent edges clamped, one edge simply supported and the other edge free

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