基于光学和扫描显微平台的微尺度实验力学检测技术和装置研究

本文基于光学和扫描显微平台,介绍了本研究组在微尺度实验力学检测技术和设备方面的最新研究成果。在检测技术方面涉及显微散斑干涉技术、微标记阵列检测技术、晶粒变形分析技术、光学探针动静态变形分析技术;在检测系统和装置方面介绍了新近开发的双视场薄膜检测系统、散斑微干涉系统、微标记检测平台、AFM和SEM单轴拉伸装置、三维微定位与加载系统、微力传感器及其标定装置、微动平台驱动装置等。探讨了微尺度实验力学检测中的问题和新的检测技术,给出了一些典型的应用和相关装置。     

弱磁场下法拉第效应的实验研究及可能应用讨论

利用了四频环形激光对磁场的高度敏感性测量了Tb玻璃(磁场范围0.8×10~(-5)T(Tesla)～10~(-9)T,ZF_2玻璃(0.21×10~(-4)T～1.89×10~(-4)T的费尔德常数(Verdet constant).在本实验精度范围内,得到了该常数大小和强磁场下的值一致.以此实验结果为基础,简要地讨论了用置于环形激光中的法拉第磁光材料感测地磁场的构思和发展前景.     

Prototype studies on the forward MWDC tracking array of the external target experiment at HIRFL-CSR

A prototype of the forward tracking array consisting of three multiwire drift chambers (MWDC) for the external target experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility at the Lanzhou -Cooling Storage Ring (HIRFL-CSR) has been assembled and tested using cosmic rays. The signals from the anode wires are amplified and fed to a Flash-ADC to deliver the drift time and charge integration. The performances of the array prototype are investigated under various high voltages. For the tracking performances, after the space-time relation (STR) calibration and the detector displacement correction, the standard deviation of 223 μm of the residue is obtained. The performances of the forward MWDCs tracking array meets the requirements of CEE in design.     

Monte Carlo studies on the burnup measurement for the high temperature gas cooling reactor

Online fuel pebble burnup measurement in a future high temperature gas cooling reactor is proposed for implementation through a high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometer. By using KORIGEN software and MCNP Monte Carlo simulations,the single pebble gamma radiations to be recorded in the detector are simulated under different irradiation histories. A specially developed algorithm is applied to analyze the generated spectra to reconstruct the gamma activity of the ¹³⁷Cs monitoring nuclide. It is demonstrated that by taking into account the intense interfering peaks,the ¹³⁷Cs activity in the spent pebbles can be derived with a standard deviation of 3.0%(1σ). The results support the feasibility of utilizing the HPGe spectrometry in the online determination of the pebble burnup in future modular pebble bed reactors.     

Microwave reflection properties of planar anisotropy FesoNi50 powder/paraffin composites

The reflection properties of planar anisotropy Fe50Ni50 powder/paraffin composites have been studied in the microwave frequency range.The permeability of Fe50Ni50 powder/paraffin composites is greatly enhanced by introducing the planar anisotropy,and can be further enhanced by using a rotational orientation method.The complex permeability can be considered as the superposition of two types of magnetic resonance.The resonance peak at high frequency is attributed to the natural resonance,while the peak at low frequency is attributed to the domain-wall resonance.The simulated results of the microwave reflectivity show that the matching thickness,peak frequency,permeability,and permittivity are closely related to the quarter wavelength matching condition.The Fe50Ni50 powder/paraffin composites can be attractive candidates for thinner microwave absorbers in the L-band(1-2 GHz).     

Anomalous behavior and phase transformation of α-GaOOH nanocrystals under static compression

The structural compression mechanism and compressibility of gallium oxyhydroxide, α-GaOOH, are investigated by in situ synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction at pressures up to 31.0 GPa by using the diamond anvil cell technique. Theα-GaOOH sustains its orthorhombic structure when the pressure is lower than 23.8 GPa. The compression is anisotropic under hydrostatic conditions, with the a-axis being most compressible. The compression proceeds mainly by shrinkage of the void channels formed by the coordination GaO_3(OH)_3 octahedra of the crystal structure. Anomaly is found in the compression behavior to occur at 14.6GPa, which is concomitant with the equatorial distortion of the GaO_3(OH)_3 octahedra. A kink occurs at 14.6 GPa in the plot of finite strain f versus normalized stress F, indicating the change in the bulk compression behavior. The fittings of a second order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state to the P–V data in different pressure ranges result in the bulk moduli B_0= 199(1) GPa for P 14.6 GPa and B_0= 167(2) GPa for P 14.6 GPa. As the pressure is increased to about 25.8 GPa, a first-order phase transformation takes place, which is evidenced by the abrupt decrease in the unit cell volume and b and c lattice parameters.     

不同载体负载的Cr基催化剂催化CO2氧化异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯

制备了介孔分子筛MSU-1,γ-A12O3,AC(活性炭)和MgO负载的CrOx催化剂,并考察了其催化CO2氧化异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯反应性能.结果表明,各催化剂活性的顺序为:CrOx/MSU-1 ＞CrOx/A12O3＞ CrOx/AC＞ CrOJMgO.其中在CrOx/MSU-1催化剂上,异丁烷的转化率和异丁烯的收率分...     

生物质炭和富二氧化碳合成气制取二甲醚

研究了一种利用富二氧化碳合成气和生物质炭联合制取二甲醚的方法, 其过程包括两个步骤: 富二氧化碳合成气调整以及调整后合成气合成二甲醚. 在合成气调整过程中, 利用生物质炭为原料在Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂上将富二氧化碳合成气调整为富一氧化碳合成气. 经过800 °C合成气调整后, 合成气中CO₂含量大幅降低而CO含量大幅提高, CO₂/CO的摩尔比从原始合成气的6.33降至0.21. 然后, 分别用调整前后的合成气合成二甲醚, 结果表明, 经过调整后, C转化率得到很大的提高, 二甲醚产率比调整前高4倍. 本工作提供了一种可利用富二氧化碳生物质合成气制取燃料的途径, 并且提供了一种新的利用生物质炭的方法.     

高分辨率CMOS相机沿轨长条带钟摆式搜索成像设计

为实现面阵相机对沿轨方向长条带区域一定重叠率的推凝视成像,设计了高分辨CMOS传感器的钟摆式搜索成像模型.通过长条带逐层区域划分和成像重叠率渐近变化构建,计算了钟摆式搜索成像参量和卫星实时推凝指向姿态,并利用多次小幅逼近的PD控制器分析了搜索成像姿态控制精度与成像像移失配量.利用高分CMOS原理样机和小卫星姿控仿真平台对P5型曲面LED靶标系统进行地面等比缩放的长条带钟摆式搜索成像仿真试验.结果表明:帧间重叠率大于85%的钟摆式搜索成像比全凝视成像区域扩大了4倍;控制周期为10 Hz时,其姿态控制精度优于0.05°,姿态稳定度优于0.003°/s,搜索成像对应的图像传递函数能够达到0.141 1.     

空气中空心阴极不同放电模式下的发光特性

为了进一步揭示空心阴极放电中放电模式的转换机制,特别是空心阴极放电过程中自脉冲的形成机理,利用柱型空心阴极放电结构,在空气环境下研究了放电处于不同模式时的发光特性。测量得到了不同放电模式下的伏安特性曲线、放电发光图像、自脉冲阶段的脉冲波形等。实验结果表明随着放电电流的增加放电分为汤生放电模式、自脉冲放电模式、正常辉光放电模式和反常辉光放电模式。虽然所用电源为直流电源,但在自脉冲放电阶段电流和电压随时间呈周期性变化。实验结果表明在不同的放电模式下具有不同的发光特性。在由汤生放电转换为自脉冲放电模式和由自脉冲模式转换为正常辉光放电模式过程中,放电腔的径向中心处和轴向孔口附近均存在光强的突变。实验同时在200～700 nm范围内测量得到了不同电流时的发射光谱。结果表明发射光谱主要集中在330～450 nm,主要包括氮分子的第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g )和氮分子离子的第一负带系（B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g）。其中氮分子离子第一负带系具有较强的发射光谱。由于B2Σ+_u激发电位较高,因此该谱带较强发射光谱的存在表明空心阴极放电较其他放电形式更容易获得高激发态粒子和高能量电子。在650～700 nm附近存在一弱的发光谱带,主要为氮分子的第一正带发射谱（B3Π_g→A3Σ+_u）。在此基础上根据双原子光谱发射理论,结合氮分子第二正带系的三组顺序组带：Δν=-1,-2和-3,利用玻尔兹曼斜率法计算得到了不同放电模式下氮气的分子振动温度。结果表明在实验电流范围内分子振动温度在3 300 K左右,随着电流的增加而升高,并且在自脉冲消失时存在一突变迅速增强。由于电子能量、电子密度与分子振动温度密切相关,因此该结果也表明随着放电电流的增加电子平均能量和电子密度不断增加,当脉冲消失时,电子平均能量和电子密度出现跃变升高。最后,对空心阴极放电中自脉冲的形成机理进行了讨论,结果表明自脉冲放电源于放电模式的转换。